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Quettaparma Quenyanna
English to Quenya Elvish Wordlist
Version 1.3
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED: + = poetic or
archaic
word
(e.g. +él "star", elen being the ordinary word)
or a
poetic or archaic meaning of an ordinary word (e.g. russë
"corruscation, +swordblade"), * = unattested form, ** = wrong
form, # = word
that is only attested in a compound or in an inflected form
(e.g. #apa,
#Apanóna; see AFTER below), TLT = Tolkien's lifetime (by
some
called "Real Time", as opposed to:) MET = Middle-Earth Time (or
rather Arda
Time, since Quenya originated in the Blessed Realm), LotR = The
Lord of the
Rings (HarperCollinsPublishers, one-volume edition
of 1991), Silm =
The Silmarillion (HarperCollinsPublishers 1994),
MC = The
Monsters and the Critics and other Essays, MR = Morgoth's
Ring, LR =
The Lost Road, Etym = The Etymologies (in
LR:347-400), FS
= Fíriel's Song (in LR:72), RGEO = The Road Goes
Ever On
(Second Edition), WJ = The War of the Jewels, PM = The
Peoples of
Middle-earth, Letters = The Letters of J. R. R.
Tolkien, LT1 =
The Book of Lost Tales 1, LT2 = The Book of
Lost Tales
2, Nam = Namárië (in LotR:398), Arct =
"Arctic" sentence (in The Father Christmas Letters),
GL =
Gnomish Lexicon (in Parma Eldalamberon #11 -
references are
selective), vb = verb, adj = adjective, interj = interjection,
pa.t. = past
tense, fut = future tense, perf = perfect tense, freq =
frequentative form, inf
= infinitive, gen = genitive, pl = plural form, sg = singular
form. The
spelling used in this wordlist is regularized (c for k
except in
a few names, x for ks, long vowels marked with
accents rather
than macrons or circumflexes; the diaeresis is used as in LotR).
When
s in a word represents earlier þ (th as
in "thing")
and it should be spelt with the letter súlë instead of
silmë in Tengwar writing (though Tolkien himself
sometimes ignored
or forgot this), this is indicated by (þ) immediately following
the word
in question (e.g. sanda (þ), sanya- (þ); see
ABIDE,
ABIDING below).
A, AN (indefinite article) -
no Quenya equivalent.
Elen "star" may thus also be translated "a star"
(LotR:94). The absence
of the definite article i "the" usually indicates that
the noun is
indefinite (though there are exceptions - see THE).
ABANDON hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is given but
seems
perfectly regular) (put aside, leave out, exclude, forsake)
-WJ:365
ABHOR feuya-; THE ABHORRED Sauron (þ)
-PHEW, Silm:418
ABIDE mar- (be settled of fixed) (fut. #maruva
is
attested: maruvan "I will abide"); ABIDE BY himya-
(cleave to, stick to); ABIDING sanda (þ) (firm,
true);
LAW-ABIDING sanya (þ) (regular, normal)
-UT:317/LotR:1003, KHIM, STAN
ABUNDANCE úvë; ABUNDANT
úvëa (in a very great number), alya (rich,
blessed,
prosperous) -UB, GALA
ABYSS undumë -MC:222 cf. 215
ACCOUNT (noun) quentalë (history), lúmequenta
(chronological account, history) -KWET, LU
ACROSS arta (athwart) (Note: arta also
means "fort,
fortress") -LT2:335
ACTOR tyaro (agent, doer) -KYAR
ACTUAL anwa (real, true) -ANA
ACUTE tereva (fine, piercing); ACUTE, ACUTENESS laicë
(keen, sharp, *piercing) (Laicë prob. obsoletes laica
in LT2:337) -TER, LAIK
ADHERING himba (sticking) -KHIM
ADMIRAL ciryatur (only attested as the
personal name
Ciryatur of an admiral, but the word means *"ship-ruler")
-UT:239
ADULT (adj) vëa (manly, vigorous); ADULT
MAN
vëaner; ADULT MALE nér (pl neri) (man)
-WEG, DER
ADÛNAKHOR Herunúmen -UT:222, Silm:322
AEGNOR Aicanáro (so in Silm:435 and PM:345;
MR:323
has Aicanár) (Sharp Flame, Fell Fire)
AFTER #apa (only attested in compounds like Apanónar,
see below), #ep- (used in compounds when the
second part of the
compound begins with a vowel, only attested in epessë "after-name"
-
see NICKNAME.) THE AFTER-BORN Apanónar
(sg #Apanóna) (i.e., an Elvish name of Men,
according to
WJ:387 "a word of lore, not used in daily speech") -Silm:122/WJ:387,
UT:266
AGAIN ata; AGAIN (prefix) en-, (prefix)
at-, ata- (back-, re-) (AT[AT])
AGE randa (cycle) -RAD
AGENT tyaro (actor, doer) -KAR
AGILE tyelca (swift) -KYELEK
AGO yá -YA<
DD> AGONY qualmë (death), unqualë (death)
-KWAL
AH (interj.) ai (alas) Ai! laurië lantar
lassi Ah!
golden fall the leaves (Nam)
AIR vista (= air as substance); lindë (tune,
song,
singing); vilya older [MET] wilya (sky);
vilma
(lower air) (perhaps changed to vista, but vilma
was not
struck out in Etym); PUFF OF AIR hwesta (breeze,
breath); UPPER AIRS AND CLOUDS fanyarë (skies),
AIRY
vilin (breezy) -WIS, LIN, WIL/LT1:273,
SWES/LotR:1157, MC:223,
LT1:273
ALAS (interj.) ai (ah) (Etym also
gives a word
nai, but this clashes with nai "be it that" in
Namárië.) -Nam/RGEO:66, NAY
ALIVE cuina; BEING ALIVE (noun not adj)
cuilë
(life) (LT1:257 gives coina, coirëa.)
-KUY
ALL ilya (the whole) (Note: ilya becomes
ilyë
before a plural noun: ilyë tier "all paths");
ALLNESS, THE ALL ilúvë
(the whole), ALL THAT IS WANTED fárë (plenitude,
sufficiency) -IL, Nam cf. RGEO:67, Silm:433/WJ:402, PHAR
ALLOW lav- (yield, grant); NOT ALLOW TO
CONTINUE nuhta-
(stunt, prevent from coming to completion, stop short)
-DAB,
WJ:413
ALONE er (one, alone, only, but, still), eressë
(singly, only, also as noun: solitude) -ERE,
LT1:269
ALPHABET tengwanda -TEK
ALTOGETHER aqua (fully, completely, wholly) -WJ:392
*AMANIAN (only translated "of Aman" by Tolkien)
amanya.
Cf. also Úmanyar, Úamanyar, Alamanyar "those
not
of Aman" (the Elves who started on the march from Cuiviénen
but
did not reach Aman; contrast the Avamanyar, another name
of the
Avari.) -WJ:411, 373, 370, MR:163
AMLOTH *Ambalotsë (Tolkien asterisked the
word because
it was not attested, only a possible Quenya form of Amloth.
See
"UPRISING-FLOWER".) -WJ:318
AMRAS Telufinwë (meaning "Last Finwë", not
the
equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name. The short form of his
name was
Telvo *"Last One". His mother-name [q.v.] was Ambarussa,
but this
name was not used in narrative.) -PM:353
AMROD Pityafinwë (meaning "Little Finwë",
not the
equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name. The short form of his
name was
Pityo *"Little One". His mother-name [q.v.] was Ambarto,
or
Umbarto, but these names were not used in narrative.)
-PM:353
AN see A
ANCIENT yára (belonging to or descending from
former
times) -YA
AND ar (possibly a before
f [and
v?]: eldain a fírimoin "for elves and men" [FS],
cf. a
valmarion "and of those of Valmar" [from "Antatye
Voronwi" by C. Gilson,
Vinyar Tengwar #31 p. 10]) (In Sauron Defeated p. ii, o is
translated
"and", but LotR, Silm and Etym all agree that the Quenya word
for "and" is
ar.) AND YET a-nanta/ananta (but yet) -AR/Nam/FS,
NDAN
ANGBAND Angamando (Iron-gaol) (so in
MR:350 and Silm:428;
Etym has Angamanda) -MR:350, Silm:428, MBAD
ANGELIC POWER Vala (pl. Valar or Vali,
gen.
pl. Valion is attested in Fíriel's Song); ANGELIC
SPIRIT
Ainu, f. Aini (holy one, god) -LotR:1157/BAL/FS,
AYAN,
LT1:248
ANGELN (island in the Danish peninsula) Eriollo
-LT1:252
ANGROD Angaráto -Silm:428
ANIMAL #kelva (only pl. kelvar is
attested,
translated "animals, living things that move" in
Silm appendix
and WJ:341); laman (pl. lamni or lamani)
("usually
only applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles and
birds"); MALE
ANIMAL hanu (male) -Silm:52/53,/405:3AN, WJ:416
ANYBODY - if anybody: aiquen (whoever)
-WJ:372
APRIL Víressë -LotR:1144/1146
AR-ADÛNAKHOR Tar-Herunúmen -UT:222,
Silm:322
AR-BELZAGAR Tar-Calmacil -UT:222
AR-GIMILZÔR Tar-Telemnar -UT:223
AR-INZILADÛN Tar-Palantir -UT:223,
Silm:324
AR-PHARAZÔN Tar-Calion -UT:224, Silm:324
AR-SAKALTHÔR Tar-Falassion -UT:223
AR-ZIMRAPHEL Tar-Míriel -UT:224,
Silm:324
AR-ZIMRATHÔN Tar-Hostamir -UT:222
ARCTURUS (a star) Morwinyon (said
to mean "the glint
at dusk" or "glint in the dark") -LT1:260
ARE see BE
ARGON Aracáno -PM:345
ARM ranco (pl ranqui) (LT2:335 gives
rá
[there spelt râ], but this word is certainly
obsolete: In
Etym, rá is glossed "lion".) -RAK
ARMY hossë (band, troop) -LT2:340
ARNOR Arnanor, Arnanórë ("royal land")
-Letters:428
ARROW pilin (pl pilindi) -PÍLIM
ART Carmë (making, production) -UT:396
ARTIFICIAL CAVE hróta (dwelling underground,
rockhewn
hall) -PM:365
AS (prep) ve (like) -Nam/RGEO:66,
67
ASCENT rosta, ASCENSION orosta -LT1:267,
256
ASGARD Valinor, Valinórë (Tolkien
actually uses this gloss of Valinor, as Asgard is the
City of the Gods
in Norse mythology) -LT1:272
ASIDE - stand aside! heca! - also with
pronominal
affixes: sg hecat, pl hecal "you stay aside!" (be
gone!) LEAVING
ASIDE hequa (not counting, excluding, except) -WJ:364,
365
*ASK #maquet- (only pa.t. maquentë is
attested.
The word is not translated, but undoubtedly means "asked": 'Mana
i-coimas
in-Eldaron?' maquentë Elendil [PM:403]. The
question itself is
translated "What is the coimas of the Eldar?", so the
rest must be
"Elendil asked". Furthermore, maquentë is transparently
quentë "said" with the interrogative element ma [PM:357]
prefixed.)
ASLEEP lorna -LOS
ASSEMBLE hosta- (gather, collect) -MC:223
ASSOCIATE otorno (sworn brother) osellë (þ)
(sworn sister) -TOR, THEL
ASTRONOMER meneldil -Letters:386
ATHWART arta (across) (Note: arta also
means "fort,
fortress"); GO ATHWART tara- (cross) -LT2:335,
347
AUGER teret (gimlet) -LT1:255
AUGUST Urimë (so in LotR; UT has
Úrimë) -LotR:1144, UT:302/470
AUTHORITY Máhan (pl Máhani is given, but
seems
perfectly regular). Tolkien once stated that Valar should
strictly be
translated "the Authorities" (MR:350), but Vala
obviously cannot be used
to translate "authority" in general; it was used only of the
Valar themselves
(WJ:404). Cf. also adj. valya "having (divine)
authority or power".
Máhani was adopted from Valarin and originally probably
referred
to the Valar themselves. We are not told whether Máhan
could or
should be applied to a non-divine authority (at least it should
not be
capitalized if so used). Note: Máhan means *"Supreme
One" rather
than "authority" as an abstract. -MR:350, BAL, WJ:399/402
AUTUMN yávië (harvest - in the Calendar of
Imladris, yávië was a precisely defined period of 54
days,
but the word was also used without any exact definition), lasselanta
("leaf-fall", used of the beginning of winter or as a synonym
of
quellë; see FADING. Also spelt lasse-lanta with
a
hyphen), narquelion ("fire-fading" - this
word from
Fíriel's Song and Etym seems to correspond to
narquelië in LotR, but the latter is the name of
the
month corresponding to our October.) LT1:273 has yávan
"autumn,
harvest", but this word may be obsoleted by yávië.
-LotR:1142, 1144, 1145/Silm:439/LT1:254, DAT, FS, NAR/KWAL,
Letters:382
AVENUE OF TREES aldëon -LT1:249
AWAKE coiva- (so in LT1:257; read *cuiva-
in mature
Quenya? Cf. the following:) AWAKENING (noun) cuivië
(obsoleting coivië in LT1:257), cuivë;
AWAKENING
(adj) cuivëa -KUY/Silm:429
AWAY oa, oar (viewed from the point
of view of the
thing, person, or place left). See also GO AWAY. -WJ:366 cf. 361
AWNING teltassë -GL:70
AXE pelecco -LT2:346
top
BABE lapsë -LAP
BACK - LT2:338 mentions a Gnomish word alm,
said to mean
"the broad of the back from shoulder to shoulder, back,
shoulders". It is
stated that the "Qenya" cognate of this Gnomish word occurs in
the name
Aikaldamor - i.e., #aldamo or #aldamor?
But this is hardly
a valid word in mature Quenya.
BACK- (prefix) at-, ata- (re-,
again-); THOSE WHO GO
BACK Nandor (Elves that left the March from Cuiviénen)
-AT(AT), WJ:384
BACKWARDS nan- (prefix?) -MBAS
BAD - Gnomish fêg is so glossed in GL:34, and
this is
equated with Q faica, glossed "contemptible, mean" under
SPAY.
BAKE masta- -MBAS
BALE OUT calpa- (draw water, scoop out) -KALPA
BALL coron -KOR
BALROG Valarauko (pl. Valaraukar)
(so in the
Silmarillion - in Etym the Quenya form of Sindarin balrog
is
malarauco, while LT1:250 gives Malcaraucë)
-Silm:35/425/439,
RUK
BAND nossë (army, troop) -LT2:340
BANK (esp. of river) ráva
-RAMBÁ
BARK - Tolkien originally thought that parma "book"
really
meant "skin, bark; parchment", with "book, writings" as the
secondary meaning.
But in Etym parma is derived from a stem meaning
"compose, put
together", obsoleting the old etymology. -LT2:346, contrast PAR
BASE sundo (root, root-word) (pl. #sundar,
isolated
from Tarmasundar in UT:166), talan (talam-)
(floor,
ground), talma (foundation, root); BASE-STRUCTURE
sundocarmë -SUD, WJ:319, TALAM, TAL, LT:343
BATTER palpa- (beat) -PALAP
BAY (small and landlocked) hópa (haven,
harbour)
-KHOP
BE The only forms of the verb "to be" in the published
corpus are
ná "is" , nar "are", and nai "be it
that"
(mistranslated "maybe" in LotR). The word ëa is
variously
translated "is", "it is", "let it be". Fíriel's Song contains a
word
ye "is", but ye may be obsolete in mature
Quenya. For "was", some
writers have used né, pl. ("were") ner. Cf. also
uin
and umin "I do not, am not" (1. pers. aorist), pa.t.
úmë. -Nam/RGEO:67, An Introduction to Elvish:5,
Silm:21/391,
FS, UGU/UMU
BE GONE! heca! - also with pronominal affixes:
sg hecat,
pl hecal "you be gone!" (stand aside!) -WJ:364
BEACH falas (falass-), falassë (shore,
line
of surf), falas, hresta (ablative hrestallo
is
attested) -LT1:253, Silm:431, PHAL/LT2:339,
MC:221/222/223
BEAR (vb) #col- (verb stem
isolated from
#colindo "bearer". Cf. mel- "to love", melindo
"lover".
#Col- can also be translated *"wear" [of clothes], cf.
the past
participle colla "borne, worn".) BEAR FRUIT yavin
(which
must mean *"I bear fruit", stem #yav-. Tolkien often
employs the 1.
person aorist when mentioning a verb in his wordlists.)
-LotR:989, cf.
Letters:308 and MEL, MR:385, LT1:273
BEAR (noun) morco -MORÓK
BEARD fanga (obsoleting vanga in
GL:21; GL:34 has
fangë "long beard", while GL:63 gives poa. Use
fanga.) -SPÁNAG
BEARER #colindo (only attested in the pl
compound
cormacolindor "Ring-bearers") -LotR:989, cf. Letters:308
BEAT palpa- (batter) -PALAP
BEAUTIFUL vanya (Note: a homonym means
"disappear"),
linda, calwa, vanima (nominal pl vanimar
"beautiful ones" and partitive plural genitive vanimálion
are
attested) (fair, proper, right). According to MR:49, Maiar
means
"the Beautiful", but in Quenya this is the name of an order of
spirits and
cannot be used as a general adjective. BEAUTY vanessë
-BAN,
SLIN, LT1:254, LotR:1017 cf. Letters:308, LT1:272, MR:49
BED caima; BEDCHAMBER caimasan (þ)
(pl. caimasambi); BEDRIDDEN caimassë, caimassëa
(sick); LYING IN BED (noun) caila (sickness)
-KAY,
STAB
BEE nier (honey-bee), nion -GL:60
BEECH feren, fernë (pl. ferni
in
both cases) (LT2:343 gives neldor "beech"; this word
may be obsolete in
mature Quenya.) -PHER
BEECHEN ferinya -PHÉREN
BEGET nosta- (also glossed "give birth"),
onta-
(pa.t. ónë or ontanë); BEGETTER
#nostar (see note), ontaro (m.), ontarë
(f.) (parent). (In LotR, the form nostari "begetters,
parents"
occurs; sg #nostar. Nostari was changed from
ontari in Tolkien's first draft [see SD:73], so he may
have scrapped
ontaro, ontarë in favour of #nostar [or
m.
*nostaro, f. *nostarë???] Did he also reject the
verb
onta- in favour of nosta-?) -SD:73, ONO,
LotR:1017 cf.
Letters:308
BEGINNING *yessë (Corrected from the actual
reading
esse, derived from a stem that was marked with a query by
Tolkien
because esse also = name. Evidence from LotR indicates
that he decided
to change the stem in question from ESE to *YESE,
thus
eliminating this homophony: In LotR:1142 we find yestarë,
apparently meaning *"first-day" - it is not translated, but it
was the name of
the first day of the year and ré means "day". In Etym
[stem
ESE] the word for "first" was esta. So
for esta
"first", esse "beginning" and essea "?primary"
[gloss
illegible], we should evidently read *yesta, *yessë
and
yessëa.) -ESE/ESET
BEGOTTEN - see FIRST-BEGOTTEN.
BEHOLD cen- (see) (future tense cenuva
is
attested) -MC:222
BEING ëala (spirit).Pl. ëalar is attested.
Eälar are spirits whose natural state it is to exist
without a
physical body, e.g. Balrogs. -MR:165
BEING ALIVE (noun) cuilë -KUY
BELEGOST Túrosto (Mickleburg) -WJ:389
BELERIAND Hecelmar, Heceldamar (lit.
*"home of the
Eglath", q.v.) This is said to be the name for Beleriand used
"in the language
of the loremasters of Aman". The cognate of Sindarin "Beleriand"
is
#Valariandë; only the form Valarianden is
attested (a
genitive formation from an earlier "Qenya" variant; in mature
Quenya it would
be a dative). The latter may be the name used in Exilic Quenya.
Beleriand was
also called Ingolondë "Land of the Gnomes [Noldor]".
-WJ:365,
LR:202, ÑGOLOD
BELL nyellë -NYEL
BELLIED #cumba (isolated from sauricumba
"foulbellied"). This adjective may point to *cumbo or
something
similar as the likely word for "belly". -SD:68, 72
BELOVED melda (dear). Cf. nessamelda,
*"beloved of
Nessa", a flagrant evergreen tree brought to Númenor by the
Eldar.
-MEL, UT:456
BELZAGAR Calmacil -UT:222
BEND #cúna- (derived from the adj. cúna
"bent"; see MC:223. In menel acúna "the heavens
bending" the
word is used intransitively.) -MC:222/223 cf. 215
BENEATH undu (down, under) -UNU
BENT cúna (curved; cúna is also
used as
a verbal stem, see BEND), raica (crooked, wrong), cauca
(crooked, humped), sara (þ) (stiff dry grass)
-MC:223, RAYAK, LT1:257, STAR
BERRY piucca -GL:64 (glossed
"blackberry" in LT2:347)
BESIDE ara, also ar- as prefix. -AR
BETWEEN imbë -Nam/RGEO:67
BEYOND pella (a postposition in Quenya:
Andúnë pella "beyond the West", elenillor pella "from
beyond
the stars") -Nam, MC:222
BIER tulma -LT1:270
BIG DIPPER see SICKLE OF THE VALAR.
BIPED #attalya (Only pl Attalyar is
attested.
The word was used of the Petty-dwarves, q.v.) -WJ:389
BIRD aiwë, filit (pl filici)
(Note: both aiwë and filit are stated to
mean "small
bird", not "bird" in general), ambalë, ammalë (=
yellow
bird), lindo (= "singer", singing bird). LT1:273
also has
wilin; this may or may not be a valid word in mature
Quenya.
-AIWÊ, PHILIK, SMAL, LIN
BIRTH, BIRTHDAY nosta; GIVE BIRTH nosta- (but
in
later sources, nosta- is glossed "beget", q.v.)
-LT1:272
BITE (vb) nac- BITE (noun) nahta
-NAK
BITTER sára -SAG
BLACK morë (in compounds mori-,
e.g.
Moriquendi), morna, morqua; BLACKNESS
mórë (night); BLACKHANDED morimaitë, BLACKBERRY
piucca (only "berry" in GL:64); BLACK FOE Moringotto (the
oldest
[MET] form was Moriñgotho) (Morgoth) -MOR,
LT1:260,
LotR:1015/SD:68, 72, LT2:347, MR:194
BLADE hyanda (share), (sword blade:) +russë
(corruscation) -LT2:342, RUS
BLAZE urya- (The stem this word is derived from was
struck out in
Etym. However, several words that must be derived from the same
stem occur in
LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored it.) BLAZING HOT úrin
(Úrin also being a name of the Sun) -UR,
LT1:271
BLESS laita- (praise) (Imperative a
laita and fut
#laituva are attested, the latter with pronominal
endings:
laituvalmet, "we shall praise [or bless] them".) BLESSED
alya, almárëa (prosperous, rich, abundant),
herenya (wealthy, fortunate, rich), aman ("blessed,
free from
evil" - Aman was "chiefly used as the name of the land
where the Valar
dwelt." [WJ:399]. BLESSED BEING Manwë (the King
of the
Valar); BLESSEDNESS vald- (so in LT1:272; nom.
sg. must be either
*val or *valdë) (happiness), "BLESSINGS",
BLESSEDNESS,
BLISS almië, almarë; FINAL BLISS manar, mandë
(doom, final end, fate, fortune) -LotR:989 cf Letters:308;
GAL, KHER,
Letters:283, LT1:272, MAN/MANAD
BLIGHT yaru (gloom) -GL:37
BLINK tihta- (peer) -MC:223
BLOCK tápë (3 pers sg aorist), pa.t. tampë
-TAP
BLOOD sercë (so according to Silm appendix;
Etym has
yár [yar-]) -Silm:437, YAR
BLOSSOM (white) lossë, ("of flowers in
bunches or
clusters":) *lohtë (corrected from the actual
reading
loktë because Tolkien later decided that kt became
ht
in Quenya.) -LOT, LT1:258
BLOT motto -MBOTH
BLUE luin, #luinë (pl. luini in
Nam; Etym
and LT1:262 has lúnë), ninwa, ulban
(adopted from Valarin; only used in Vanyarin Quenya),
PALE
BLUE helwa -Nam/LT2:340, LT1:262, LUG, WJ:399, 3EL
BOAT luntë; SMALL BOAT venë (vessel, dish) -LUT,
LT1:254
BODY hroa (In MR:330, Tolkien notes that hroa
is
"roughly but not exactly equivalent to 'body'" [as opposed to
"soul"]. Hroa
is also used = "physical matter"), DEAD BODY loico (corpse);
BODILY
sarcuva (corporeal) -MR:216, 219; MC:223, LT2:347
BOLD verya, canya BOLDNESS verië
-BER,
KAN
BOLSTER nirwa (cushion) -NID
BOND nútë (knot), vérë (troth, compact,
oath) Pl. probably *vérer, *núter not
*véri, *núti; cf. the similar formation
tyávë "taste", pl tyáver. -NUT, WED
BONE axo (pl axor is attested) -MC:222,
223
BOOK parma (writings); BOOK LANGUAGE (=Quenya)
parmalambë -PAR/UT:219, 460, LT2:346
BORDER réna (edge, margin); ríma (edge,
hem)
-REG, Rî
BORN #nóna (isolated from Apanónar, the
"Afterborn") -Silm:122/381
BORNE colla (pa.p. of col- "bear")
(worn).
Also used as a noun = "vestment, cloak". -MR:385
BOSOM palúrë (surface, bosom of earth),
súma (hollow cavity) -PAL, MC:223
BOSS OF SHIELD tolmen (isolated round hill) -LT1:269
BOTH yúyo -YÛ
BOUND nauta (obliged) -NUT
BOW (vb
) cawin ("I bow", 1. pers. aorist); BOW (noun)
quinga, cú (also = crescent Moon),
lúva, cúnë (crescent); RAINBOW
helyanwë ("sky-bridge"), Ilweran, Ilweranta
(LT2:348 has iluquinga "sky-bow", but this word was
obsoleted when
Tolkien changed the meaning of ilu from "sky" to
"universe".)
BOWLEGGED quingatelco (So it is translated, but
this must really
be a noun: "bow-leg" [quinga + telco]. No Quenya
adjectives end in
-o, unless this is the only one. Read *quingatelca for
"bow-legged"?
Cf. one of the other words from the same source,
sincahonda, changed from sincahondo in an
earlier draft - but at
that time Tolkien had already omitted quingatelco and
hence did not
change its ending: See SD:72.) -LT1:257, SD 68, 72, KWIG, KU3,
LT1:256,
LotR:1154, LT1:271
BOWL fion (goblet), #salpë (isolated
from
tanyasalpë "Bowl of Fire") -LT1:253, 292
BRANCH olwa -GÓLOB
BRAND yulma (Note: a homonym means "cup".)
-YUL cf.
Nam
BREAD masta; LIFE-BREAD (= lembas)
coimas
(prob. *coimast-, cf. masta "bread") -MBAS,
Silm:406/429
BREAK (vb) rac- (past participle rácina
"broken" is attested); BREAK APART terhat- (pa.t.
terhantë); BREAK ASUNDER hat- (pa.t.
hantë) -MC:223, SKAT
BREATH (noun) hwesta (breeze, puff of
air),
súlë (þ) (spirit) (earlier [MET] form
thúlë = Súlë ; BREATH
(vb) súya- (þ); BREATHER Súlimo
(þ) (a title of Manwë; this is the literal meaning
according to Silm:420); BREATH FORTH see EXPIRE. -SWES,
THÛ/LotR:1157
BREEZE hwesta (breath, puff of air), GENTLE
BREEZE
vílë; BREEZY vilin (airy) -SWES, LotR:1157,
LT1:273
BRIDE indis (wife) (This word may obsolete akairis
in
LT1:252) -NDIS/UT:8
BRIDEGROOM ender -NDER
BRIDGE yanwë (joining, isthmus), yanta (yoke)
-YAT, LotR:1157
BRILLIANCE alcar, alcarë (splendour,
radiance),
calassë (clarity); BRILLIANT alcarinqua (glorious)
-AKLA-R-/RGEO:73/UT:317/WJ:369/Silm:427, GL:39
BROAD - LT2:338 gives a word aica "broad,
vast", but this is
probably obsoleted by aica "sharp, fell, terrible,
dire" in later
writings.
BROAD SWORD lango (also = prow of ship),
BROAD-BLADED SWORD
ecet (short stabbing sword) -LAG, UT:284/432
BROKEN rácina -MC:223
BROOCH tancil (pin) -TAK
BROOD luvu- (lower) -LT1:259
BROOK nellë (GL
:46 has wentë)
-NEN
BROTHER toron (pl. torni) (=
natural
brother); otorno sworn brother, associate
BROTHERHOOD
onóro (of bloodkinship), otornassë (the
latter is evidently the "brotherhood" of otornor, sworn
brothers) -TOR,
NÔ
BROWN varnë (swart, dark brown) (in
compounds
varni-) -BARÁN
BUD tuima (sprout); BUDDING see
SPRING-TIME. -TUY,
LT1:269
BUFFET taran, tarambo -LT2:337
BUILD carin ("I make, build", 1. pers. aorist -
according to
FS and SD:246 the past tense is cárë, but Etym has
carnë; writers should probably use the latter (not to be
confused
with the adjective carnë "red". Past participle #carna
*"built, made" is attested in Vincarna *"newly-made"
in MR:305.)
BUILDING car (card-) (house), ampano (=
especially
building of wood, wooden hall), ataquë (construction);
BUILDER
samno (þ) (carpenter, wright) -KAR, PAN, TAK,
STAB
BULL tarucco, tarunco -LT2:347
BUNCHES (of flowers) see BLOSSOM.
BURDENSOME lumna (lying heavy, oppressive, ominous) -DUB
BURLY polda (strong) -POL
BURN usta- (transitive, e.g. *Fëanáro
ustanë i ciryar "Fëanor burnt the ships"), urya-
(intransitive, e.g. *i ciryar uryaner "the ships
were burning")
-LT1:271
BUSH tussa -TUS
BUT nan (so in Namárië and
Fíriel's Song; Etym has ná, nán.
Ná clashes with ná "is"); er (only,
one,
alone, but, still); BUT YET a-nanta, ananta (and
yet) -NDAN,
LT1:269, Nam/FS
BUTTERFLY wilwarin (wilwarind-) -WIL/MC:222,
223/LT1:273
BUTTOCKS hacca (hams) -GL:47
-BY-mas (final element in place-names,
see -TON)
-LT1:250
top
CALACIRIAN Calaciryan (prob.
*Calaciryand-), full form Calaciryandë
(i.e.,
"the region of Eldamar...in and near the entrance to the
ravine [of
Calacirya], where the Light was brighter and the land more
beautiful") -RGEO:70
cf. LotR:252
CALL yello (shouth of triumph) -GYEL
CANDLE lícuma (taper) -MC:223
CANOPY (vb) telta- (overshadow, screen),
CANOPY (noun)
telimbo (sky) -TEL, LT1:268
CANNIBAL-OGRES Sarquindi (sg #Sarquindë?)
-LT2:347
CAPE mundo (nose, snout) (Note: mundo also
means "ox".)
-MBUD
CARANTHIR Morifinwë, short form Moryo (not
equivalent
in sense to his Sindarin name, which is the cognate of his
"mother-name" [q.v.] Carnistir.) -PM:353
CARCANET firinga (necklace) -LT2:346/GL:36
CAROUSAL yulmë (drinking) (Note: a homonym
means
"smouldering heat") -WJ:416
CARPENTER samno (þ) (wright, builder)
-STAB
CARRY - GL:38 has yulu-, but in WJ:416 the
same stem (there
spelt JULU) is said to mean "drink", indicating that yulu-
"carry" is obsolete in mature Quenya. Use rather #col-;
see BEAR.
CART norollë -GL:31
?CASSIOPEIA Wilwarin (the identification of
this
constellation is not certain. Wilwarin means
"butterfly".)
-Silm:426
CASTLE OF CUSTODY - this is mentioned as the
approximate meaning of
Mandos (stem Mandost-) -MR:350
CAT mëoi -LT2:348
CATCH (noun) atsa (hook, claw) -GAT
CAUSE (vb) tyar- -KYAR
CAVE felya, rondo
, rotelë; ARTIFICIAL CAVE
hróta (dwelling underground, rockhewn hall)
-PHÉLEG, ROD, LT2:347, PM:365
CAVITY (hollow) súma (bosom) -MC:223
CEASE hauta- (take a rest, stop), pusta- (stop,
put a stop to),
tyel- (end) -KHAW, PUS, KYEL
CELEBORN Telporno (Letters:425) or Teleporno
(UT:266). (The latter is stated to be the Telerin form,
while
Telporno must be the form used in Noldorin Quenya. Cf.
Altáriel vs. Alatáriel; see GALADRIEL.)
CELEBRIMBOR (= "Silver-fist") Telperinquar (possibly
*Telperinquár-. Cf. quárë
"fist"). -Silm:429
CELEGORM Turcafinwë, short form Turco
(not equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name, which is a
cognate of his
mother-name [q.v.] Tyelcormo "hasty-riser"; the latter
name was "never
used in narrative".) -PM:352, 353
CELOS Celussë (see UT:426)
CENTRE endë (core, middle),
tólë -NÉD, ÉNED, LT1:269
CENTURY haranyë (or perhaps it means the
last day of a
century - Tolkien's wording is not clear. The latter
interpretation may be more
likely.) -LotR:1142
CHAIN Angainor (= "The Great Chain" with which
Morgoth was twice
bound; LT1:249 has the form Angaino) -Silm:59
CHAMBER sambë (þ) (-san,
-samb- in compounds; cf. BEDCHAMBER) (room)
-STAB
CHAMPION aráto (eminent man) -Silm:428
CHANGE (vb) #ahya- (only pa.t. ahyanë
is
attested) -PM:395
CHANNEL celma -KEL
CHANT lirin ("I chant", 1. pers. aorist)
(sing)
-LIR1
CHEESE tyuru- (so
in GL:28; why the
hyphen?)
CHERRY pio (this word was also applied to plums).
CHERRY TREE
aipio (also used = "plum tree"???) -LT2:347, GL:18
CHIEF (adj) héra (principal); CHIEF (noun)
#turco (isolated from Turcomund "chief
of bulls, *chief
bull"; this may not be pure Quenya, but Turco appears
as a the short
name of Turcafinwë, Celegorm's Quenya name - though that
is
translated "strong, powerful (in body)" rather than referring to
more
"political" power) -KHER, Letters:423, PM:352
CHIEFTAIN haran (pl harni) (in Etym also =
king, but in LotR
and other texts the Quenya word for "king" is aran pl.
arani -
see KING), cáno, cánu (see COMMANDER)
(ruler, governor, commander) -3AR, UT:400
CHILD hína, also vocative hina with
a short
vowel, used when addressing a (young) child. Pl. híni rather
than
hínar; see CHILDREN OF ILÚVATAR below. "Child" as
the last element in compounds: -hin (-hín-, pl.
-híni), e.g. CHILDREN OF ERU Eruhíni
from sg. #Eruhin; CHILDREN OF ILÚVATAR Híni
Ilúvataro; MY CHILD hinya (short for
hínanya). (For "child", Etym also has seldë;
Tolkien
changed the meaning from "daughter".) -WJ:403,
Silm:387/432,
SEL-D-
CHILL ninquë (pallid, white); BE CHILL (of
weather)
nicu- (be cold) -WJ:417 cf. NIK-W-
CHILLY ringa (damp, cold) -LT1:265
CHOKE quoro- (suffocate), CHOKED quorin (drowned)
-LT1:264
CHOOSING #cilmë (isolated from Essecilmë
"name-choosing", q.v.) -MR:214
CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT lúmequenta (history)
-LU
CIRCLE rindë; CIRCULAR rinda;
CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE ("especially on a hill-top") corin
-RIN, KOR/LT1:257
CITY osto (town with wall round) -OS
CLAD vaina -LT1:272
CLAMOUR yalmë -NGYAL (see NGAL)
CLAN nossë (family, "house") <
i>-NÔ
CLARITY calassë (brilliance) -GL:39
CLASP tangwa (hasp) -TAK
CLAW atsa (hook, catch), #racca (isolated
from
raccalepta, see below); CLAW-FINGERED raccalepta
-GAT,
SD:68, 72
CLEAN poica -POY
CLEARED (of land) latin, latina (free,
open)
-LAT
CLEAVE hyarin ("I cleave", 1. pers. aorist),
CLEAVER #hyando
in Sangahyando "Throng-cleaver, Cleaver of
throngs" -SYAD,
LT2:342, LotR:1085 cf. Letters:425
CLEAVE TO himya- (abide by, stick to) -KHIM
CLEFT yáwë (ravine, gulf); sanca (þ)
(split), hyatsë (gash), ciris (crack), falqua
(mountain pass, ravine), cilya (gorge, pass between
hills) (so in
Etym, but cirya in the name Calacirya "Pass of
Light" [gen.
Calaciryo in Namárië] - though this clashes with cirya
"ship". An early version of Namárië actually had
Calacilyo, not Calaciryo; see An
Introduction to Elvish p.
5.) -YAG, STAK, SYAD, RGEO:70/WJ:403, LT2:337, 341, KIL
CLIFF ollo (seaward precipice) (The
alternative form
oldó may be archaic Quenya.) -LT1:252
CLOAK colla (vestment, actually a past
participle "borne,
worn" used as a noun). GREY-CLOAK Sindacollo, Singollo
(so
in Silm:421; MR:217 has Sindicollo. Note that colla
has become
#collo because -o is a masculine ending.)
(Thingol)
-MR:385
CLOTH lannë (tissue) -LAN
CLOUD fanya (white cloud; pl. fanyar is
attested),
lumbo (pl lumbor is attested. In LT1:259, it
is stated that
this word applies to a "dark lowering cloud"), ungo (dark
shadow). (In ancient times the Elves probably also used the
word fana
[in Etym fána] for "cloud" or "veil", but in Quenya
it came
to denote the visible bodies in which the Valar manifested
themselves to
incarnates. When fana no longer meant "cloud", this
meaning was
evidently transferred to the derivative fanya,
originally probably
meaning "white" or "white thing".) UPPER AIRS AND CLOUDS fanyarë
(skies) -SPAN, MC:222, UÑG, Nam, RGEO:67, SYAD, RGEO:74,
MC:223
CLUSTERS (of flowers) see BLOSSOM.
COAT vacco (jacket) -GL:21
COBWEB línë -SLIG
CODE OF SIGNS tengwesta (system of signs,
grammar);
GESTURE-CODE hwermë -WJ:394 cf. TEK, WJ:395
COLD (adj) ringa (so in MC:222 and
LT1:265; Etym has
ringë, which is also a noun meaning "cold lake/pool in
the
mountains"), (damp, chilly), yelwa; COLD (noun?)
niquë, also vb niquë- "it is cold, it
freezes"; BE COLD, CHILL (of weather) nicu-
-MC:222, RINGI, LT1:260, WJ:417
COLLAPSE (vb) talta- (slip, slide
down), COLLAPSE
(noun) atalantë (downfall) -MC:223
COLLECT hosta- (gather, assemble); COLLECTION
OF LEAVES
olassië (foliage) -KHOTH/MC:223, Letters:282
COME tulin ("I come", 1. pers. aorist); perfect
#utúlië and future #tuluva are attested (the
latter
in entuluva "shall come again". Tulin obsoletes
tulu- in
LT1:270). COME AWAY hótuli- ("so as to leave a
place or
group and join another in the thought or place of the speaker")
-TUL,
LotR:1003, Silm:229, WJ:368
COMMANDER cáno ("usually as the title of a
lesser
chief, especially one acting as the deputy of one higher in
rank", PM:345)
(governor, chieftain, commander) -PM:345
COMMANDMENT axan (law, rule) -WJ:399
COMMERSE mancalë -MBAKH
COMMUNICATION centa (as in
Ósanwë-centa, Communication of Thought. In other
contexts,
centa must be translated *"enquiry" or *"essay") -MR:415
COMPACT vérë (troth, oath, bond) Pl.
probably
*vérer not *véri; cf. the similar
formation tyávë "taste", pl tyáver.)
-WED
COMPEL mauya-; COMPULSION mausta -MBAW
COMPLAINT nur (growl) -LT1:263
COMPLETELY aqua (fully, altogether, wholly)
-WJ:392
CONCEAL halya- (veil, screen from light)
-SKAL
CONCEALED furin or hurin (hidden)
-LT2:340
CONCEPTION nóa (pl. nówi), nó
(nów-) -NOWO
CONCH hyalma (shell, horn of Ulmo) -SYAL
CONCLUDE telya- (transitive) (wind up,
finish);
CONCLUSION telma (further defined as "anything used to
finish off a
work or an affair") -WJ:411
CONFUSED rúcina (shattered, disordered) -MC:223
CONSONANT - Tolkien notes: "Since...in the mode of
spelling commonly
used the full signs were consonantal, in ordinary non-technical
use tengwar
[sg tengwa, see LETTER] became equivalent to
'consonants'." Cf.
also surya "spirant consonant" and punta "stopped
consonant".
-WJ:396, SUS, PUT (see PUS)
CONSPICOUS minda (prominent) -MIN
CONSTRUCTION tanwë (craft, thing made, construction,
devise)
ataquë (building) -TAN, TAK
CONTEMPTIBLE faica (mean) -SPAY
CONTINUAL vorima (repeated); CONTINUALLY voro (also
voro-
in compounds) -BOR
CONTRARY, ON THE - see NO
CONTROL turin ("I...control", 1. pers. aorist) (pa.t.
turnë) (wield, govern); IN CONTROL OF
(possessing)
arwa (followed by gen, e.g. *i heru arwa i nerion "the
lord in
control of the men") -TUR, 3AR
COOKED FOOD apsa (meat) -AP
COPING-STONE see FINISH.
COPPER tambë; OF COPPER tambina;
COPPER-COLOURED aira (ruddy, red) -LT1:250, 256,
268
COPULA telluma (altered from earlier telumë
under influence of a Valarin word; pl. tellumar is
attested)
(dome), coromindo (dome) -Nam/WJ:399/411, KOR
CORE endë (centre, middle) -NÉD, ÉNED
CORNFLOWER menelluin (lit. *"sky-blue") -Pictures
of J. R. R.
Tolkien
CORPOREAL sarcuva (bodily) -LT2:347
CORPSE quelet (pl. queletsi), loico
(dead body);
CORPSE-CANDLE loicolícuma -KWEL, MC:223
CORRUSCATION russë (+swordblade) -RUS
COTTAGE - LT2:336 has os(t) "house and
cottage", but this
word is probably obsolete - osto means "city" in mature
Quenya.
COUNT - the stem not- can be
isolated from the word
for "countable", see below. It actually occurs in Etym, but is
glossed "reckon"
instead. COUNT UP onot- (cf. not- "reckon"),
COUNTABLE
#nótima (isolated from únótimë
"not-countable, numberless", pl.). NOT COUNTING hequa
(leaving
aside, excluding, except) -NOT, Nam, RGEO:67, WJ:364, 365
COUNTRY nórë (land, race, nation, native land,
family), #nórië (only attested in a compound, in the
ablative case: sindanóriello, "grey-country-from", "out
of a grey
country". -NÔ, Nam/RGEO:67
COURAGE huorë (only attested as a proper name:
Huorë, lit. "heart-vigour") -KHÔ-N
COURSE tië (line, direction, way, path, road)
-TE3,
RGEO:67
COURT paca (paved floor) -GL:63
COVER topë (aorist sg) (pa.t. tompë),
untúpa- (lit. "down-roof") -TOP, Nam/RGEO:67
COVERING telmë (hood) -TEL
COW (milch cow) yaxë. (An alternative
form
yaxi, glossed "cow", looks like a plural in mature Quenya.)
-GL:36
CRACK ciris (cleft) -LT2:335
CRAFT tanwë (thing made, device, construction);
curwë. CRAFTSMAN tano (smith) -KUR
CREATE onta (pa.t. ónë,
ontanë) -ONO
CREATURE onna; DEFORMED/HIDEOUS CREATURE ulundo
(monster) -ONO, ÚLUG
CRESCENT cúnë (bow) -LT1:271
CREST (of wave) wingë (wingi-)
(foam,
spindrift). LT1:256 gives ormë "crest, summit", but
in mature
Quenya ormë means "wrath, haste, violence, rushing".
CRESTED
WAVE falma -WIG/LT1:273, PHAL
CROOKED hwarin; raica (bent, wrong), rempa
(hooked),
cauca (bent, humped) -SKWAR, RÁYAK, REP, LT1:260
CROSSBAR hwarma -SKWAR
CROSSING tarna (passage, #ford) -LT2:347
CROW quáco (so in WJ:395; Etym has corco
)
-WJ:395, KORKA (see KARKA)
CROWD sanga (throng, press); rimbë (host)
-STAG/Silm:438, RIM
CROWN rië; CROWNED rína; STAR-CROWNED,
CROWNED WITH STARS (a name of Taniquetil) Elerrína
(so in Silm; Etym has Elerína) -RIG,
EL,
Silm:42
CRUEL nwalca (Though spelt this way also in
Etym, nwalca
must be from older *ngwalca, for the stem is ÑGWAL.
In
Tengwar spelling, the letter nwalmë (< older
ngwalmë) should be used to transcribe the initial nw
of
nwalca.) -ÑGWAL
CRUMBLE #ruxa- (only part. ruxala is
attested)
-MC:222 cf 215
CRYSTAL SUBSTANCE silima (a substance Fëanor alone
knew how to
make; the Silmarils were made of it. Etymologically, the word
apparently means
simply *"white-shining thing", or perhaps *"[substance] apt to
shine white".)
-RGEO:73, Silm:437
CUNNING - LT1:253 has findë, finië,
but
these words may not be valid in mature Quenya (in Etym, findë
means
"tress, lock of hair").
CUP yulma -Nam, RGEO:67
CUPOLA coromindo (dome) -KOP
CURUFIN Curufinwë, short form Curvo.
(His
"mother-name", never used in narrative, was Atarincë.)
-PM:352,
353
CURUNÍR Curumo (Saruman) -UT:393, 401
CURVED cúna (bent; cúna is
also
used as a verbal stem, see BEND) -MC:223
CUSHION nirwa -NID
CUSTODY mando (safe keeping); CASTLE OF CUSTODY Mandos
(Mandost-) -MR:350
CUT (vb) rista-; venië (infinitive?
stem
#ven-?) (shape), CUT (noun) rista, venwë
(shape), CUT OFF (and get rid of or lose a portion:) auciri-,
(so as to have or or use a required portion:) hóciri-
-RIS, LT1:254, WJ:365-366, 368
CYCLE randa (age) -RAD
<>
top
DAERON see DAIRON
DAGGER sicil (knife), naica -SIK, GL:37
DAIRON Sairon -GL:29 (called Daeron
in the
published Silmarillion)
DALE nal, nallë (dell); DALE-SPRITES tavar
(pl. tavarni) -LT1:261, LT1:267
DAMP ringa (chilly, cold) -LT1:265
DANCE (vb) lilta- -LILT
DANGLE linga- -LING
DARE verya- (cf. BOLD) -BER
DARK (adj.) morna (gloomy, sombre,
black), nulla
(dusky, obscure), lóna (Note: a homonym means
"island"),
lúrëa (overcast), DARK OR HIDDEN tumna
(low-lying, low, profound, deep) DARK (noun), hui
(fog,
murk, night); DARK, DARKNESS mornië, mórë
(blackness, night), mor, lúmë (Note:
lúmë also means "hour, time"), lómë
(night, twilight, gloom), huinë (shadow, gloom); DARK
ELVES
Moriquendi, Morimor (Lómëarni in
LT1:259 is
hardly a valid word in mature Quenya); DARK ONE (=Morgoth)
morion; DARK WEATHER lúrë; DARK LOWERING CLOUD
lumbo (pl. lumbor is attested); DARK VALE
tumbo
(deep valley) -Letters:382, NDUL, DO3, LT1:259, LT1:271,
LT1:253, MOR,
LotR:488 cf. Letters:308, Silm:431, MC:222 cf. 215,
WJ:361/Silm:388,
Nam/RGEO:67, FS, LT1:259, 269
DAUGHTER yendë, yen, -iel (suffix,
e.g.
Uinéniel "daughter of Uinen" [UT:182]; this suffix may
obsolete
the earlier [TLT] ending -wen, mentioned in LT1:271).
The stem YEL, from
which -iel must be derived, was removed from Etym.
However, the UT
example just mentioned is from a later text, indicating that
Tolkien restored
-iel. Perhaps yeldë was restored as the
independent word for
"daughter" at the same time and is to be preferred to yendë,
yen. Distinguish -riel in Altáriel
(Galadriel),
which does not mean "daughter" and becomes -riell- before
an ending.
-YÔ, YEL, 182/469
DAWN ára (obsoleting órë in
LT1:264; this word means "rising" or "heart" in mature Quenya),
+amaurëa (early day) -AR1 , MC:223
DAY aurë (sunlight; Etym gives arë),
arya (= 12 hours), ré (= 24 hours,
counted from
sunset to sunset), sana (= 24 hours),
DAYTIME
arië, EARLY DAY +amaurëa (dawn), DAYLIGHT -
LT1:254
gives calma, but this word means "lamp" in LotR. LAST
DAY OF YEAR
quantien, DAYSPRING tuilë -AR1,
Silm:229/234/439, LotR:1141, LT1:250, MC:223, YEN
DEAD firin (= dead by natural cause), qualin
(related to qualmë "agony, death" and probably has
darker
connotations than firin), vanwa (departed,
lost, past, gone,
vanished, no longer to be had), hessa (withered). DEAD
BODY loico
(corpse) -KWAL, PHIR, MC:223, LT1:255, WJ:366
DEAR melda (beloved), melin, moina
(familiar),
#melya (isolated from Melyanna "dear gift",
Melian's Quenya
name), valda (worth, worthy). Cf. also the
"suffix of endearment"
-ya mentioned in UT:418: Anardilya *"dear
Anardil"
(UT:174). -MEL, MOY, Silm:434, GL:23
DEATH qualmë, unqualë (agony), nuru (Nuru
= Mandos), fairë (natural death [as act]) (Note:
fairë also means "radiance" and "phantom", and even [in
LT1:250]
"free"), urdu -KWAL/LT1:264, ÑGUR, PHIR, LT2:342
DECLIVITY pendë (downslape, slope) -PEN
DEEP tumna (low-lying, low, profound, dark or hidden),
núra; DEEP VALLEY tumbo (dark vale) -NÛ,
TUB
DEFORMED CREATURE ulundo (hideous creature,
monster)
-ÚLUG
DELL nal, nallë (dale) -LT1:261
DEMON rauko (pl. #raukar, isolated
from
Valaraukar "Balrogs". LT1:250 gives araukë;
WJ:415
has rauko and arauko, defined as "a powerful,
hostile, and
terrible creature".) See also ORC. -RUK, Silm:436, WJ:415
DENETHOR Nanisáro (þ) -LR:188
DENTAL SERIES tincotéma (t-series)
-LotR:1154
DENY lala- (Note: a homonym means
"laugh".) -LA
DEPART vanya- (pa.t. vannë). Lendë
pa.t. of lelya/linna "go" is also
glossed as
"departed". DEPARTED (adj) vanwa (gone,
vanished, lost, past,
no longer to be had, dead) -WAN, LED, WJ:366, Nam
DESCENDANT indyo (grandchild) (Indyo looks
like
Vanyarin Quenya; the combination ndy became ny in
Noldorin
Quenya. The Noldor likely used the form *inyo.) MALE
DESCENDANT
yondo (son) (In LT2:344, it is said that yondo usually
meant
"(great) grandson", but in mature Quenya it simply means "son".)
-ÑGYO(N)
DESERT erumë (cf. Eruman a desert
north-east of
Valinor) -ERE
DESERTED erda (solitary) -LT1:269
DESIRE (vb) merë (3. pers. sg. aorist;
stem
#mer-, pa.t. mernë) (want, wish); DESIRE
(noun) írë, milmë (greed). (Note:
írë also means "when". The stem YES yields a word
yesta "desire", but this clashes with the
corrected/updated form
of esta - see FIRST.) DESIREABLE írima
(loveable), DESIRER Irmo (name of a Vala) -MER,
ID, MIL-IK, YES,
WJ:403
DESTINE martya-; DESTINY maranwë -MBARAT
DETERMINANT VOWEL sundóma (lit.
*"base-vowel,
root-vowel". Christopher Tolkien notes: "Very briefly indeed,
the Quendian
consonantal base or sundo was characterized by a
'determinant vowel' or
sundóma: thus the sundo KAT has a medial
sundóma 'A', and TALAT has the sundóma repeated.
In
derivative forms the sundóma might be placed before the
first
consonant, e.g. ATALAT.") -WJ:319
DEVICE tanwë (craft, thing made, construction)
-TAN
DEVISE auta- (originate, invent) -GAWA
DEW rossë (fine rain, spray), rin. DEWY
nítë (moist) -ROS/Letters:282, LT1:265,
NEI
DEXTEROUS formaitë (right-handed) -PHOR
DIACRITIC tehta (mark [in writing], sign) (In
LotR:1155, the word
is applied to the supralinear vowel-marks of Fëanorian writing,
and pl.
tehtar is attested.) -TEK, LotR:1155
DIALECT - Tolkien notes that the word lambë was
originally
"nearer to our 'dialect' than to 'language', but later when the
Eldar became
aware of other tongues, not intelligible without study, lambe
naturally
became applied to the seperate languages of any people or
region." Thus,
lambë can hardly be used for "dialect" in Exilic Quenya.
-WJ:394
DICTUM eques (pl. equessi) (proverbial
dictum,
quotation, saying) -WJ:392
DIE fir- (fade) -MC:223
DIPHTONG #samna (only pl samnar
is
attested. Distinct in Tengwar spelling from samna
"wooden post", that is
spelt with initial súlë instead of silmë.)
-SAM
DIM TO SEE néca (vague, faint) (Pl
nécë is attested) -MC:223, 222
DIRE aica (fell, terrible, sharp) -PM:347
DIRECTION tië (course, line, pathway, road)
-TE3/RGEO:67
DIRTY vára (soiled) -WA3
DISAPPEAR vanya- (pa.t. vannë. Note: a
homonym of
vanya means "beautiful") (go, depart) -WAN
DISCOLOURED púrëa (smeared) -MC:223
DISEMBODIED SPIRIT see SPIRIT
DISGUST - feel disgust at feuya- -PHEW
DISH venë (small boat, vessel) -LT1:254
DISORDERED rúcina (confused, shattered) -MC:223
DIVIDE IN MIDDLE perya- (halve) (After
perya-, a word perina is
mentioned;
it is undefined but must be the corresponding past participle:
*"divided in
middle, halved".) -PER
DIVINE valaina (= "of or belonging to the Valar",
probably not to
be used with reference to the One who is above them);
DIVINITY
valassë -BAL
DO NOT uin, umin ("I do not", 1.
pers. aorist)
(pa.t. úmë) (also = "am not" - see BE); DO NOT!
(imperative) vá! (also = I will not); DON'T
áva, avá; DON'T DO IT! áva
carë!
-UGU/UMU, WJ:371
DOER tyaro (actor, agent) -KYAR
DOG huo -KHUG
DOME telluma (pl. tellumar is
attested) (copula),
coromindo (cupola) -Nam/WJ:399, KOR
DON'T áva, avá; DON'T DO IT! áva
carë! -WJ:371
DOOM manar, mandë (final end, fate, fortune,
final bliss);
umbar- (umbart-) (fate) In the story of Túrin
Turambar,
it seems that ambar means "doom": Turambar is
said to mean
"Master of Doom", and Nienor even uses the word in the
instrumental case:
ambartanen "by doom". Similarly, LT2:348 gives ambar
"Fate". But
in Etym, ambar means "earth", and LotR Appendix E
confirms that "fate"
is umbar. DOOM RING Máhanaxar (a
foreign word in
Quenya, adopted and adapted from Valarin.) -MAN/MANAD, MBARAT,
Silm:261, 269,
LotR:1157, WJ:399
DORIATH #Lestanórë (only gen.
Lestanórëo is attested) -WJ:369
DORLÓMIN Lóminórë -WJ:145
DOT pica (small spot), tixë (tiny mark,
point),
amatixë, nuntixë (points over and under the line
of
writing respectively) -PIK, TIK
DOUBLE (prob. adj) atwa, tanta; DOUBLE
(vb)
tatya- (repeat). (Note: tatya also means
"second".) -AT(AT),
TATA
DOUG maxë -MASAG
DOVE cu, cua (perhaps m. and f.
respectively)
-KÛ
DOWN undu (under, beneath); DOWN-FALL atalantë,
atalantië (collapse); DOWN-FALLEN atalantëa
(pl atalantië is attested) (ruinous);
DOWN BELOW
(adv.) nún (underneath); "DOWN-LICK" (i.e.,
cover
completely) #undulav- (only pa.t. undulávë
is attested) -UNU, NÛ, MC:222, 223/Letters:347, RGEO:67/Nam
DOWNSLOPE pendë (slope, declivity) -PEN/PÉNED
DRAGON lókë (serpent, snake; "so do the Eldar name
the
worms of Melko[r]", LT2:85), angulókë,
fenumë; WINGED DRAGON rámalókë;
FIRE-DRAGON urulókë (pl. Urulóki is
attested in Silm:138, there capitalized); SPARK-DRAGON
fëalókë; FISH-DRAGON lingwilókë
(sea-serpent) -LOK; cf. ANGWA, LT2:341, RAM, UR, PHAY, LIW
DRAKE (LT2:340) see DRAGON
DRAUGHT #yulda (only pl. yuldar is
attested),
suhto -Nam, SUK
DRAW tucin ("I draw", 1. pers.
aorist); DRAW
WATER calpa- (bale out, scoop out); DRAWING #halmë
(isolated from Turuhalmë "Log-drawing") -KALPA,
LotR:270
DREAD aista- -GAYAS
DREAM (noun) olor, olórë, lor;
DREAMY olosta, olórëa -LOS, LT1:259, LotR:488
cf.
Letters:308, UT:396
DRINK (vb) sucin ("I drink",
1. pers.
aorist); DRINK OF THE VALAR limpë (so glossed
under LIP;
"drink of the fairies" in LT1:258) or míruvórë
(LT1:261); DRINKING yulmë (carousal) (Note:
a homonym
means "smouldering heat"); DRINKING-VESSEL yulma (cup),
sungwa. -SUK, WJ:416/Nam
DRIP lipte- -LT1:258
DROP (noun) limba; LITTLE DROP liptë
-LIB, LT1:258
DROWNED quorin (choked) -LT1:264
DROWSY lorda (slumbrous) -LT1:259
DRÛ rú (wose), DRÚADAN Rúatan
(pl. Rúatani is given but seems perfectly regular)
-UT:385
DRY (prob. adj not vb) parca -PÁRAK
DRYAD tavaro, tavaron (m.), tavaril
(f.), nandin (further defined as "fay of
the country")
-TÁWAR, LT1:261
DUILIN Tulindo; HOUSE OF DUILIN Nossë
Tuilinda
(Tuilinda must be an adjectival form of Tuilindo)
-LT2:338
DÚNEDAIN Núnatani -WJ:386
DUSK histë (also hísë, but this
clashes with a word meaning "fog, mist"), lómë (night,
gloom,
darkness, twilight) -LT1:255
DUSKY nulla (dark, obscure) -NDUL
DUST asto -ÁS-AT
DWARF Nauco (pl. Naucor is
attested; LT1:261 gives
nauca instead of nauco), Norno
(Naucalië, Nornalië = the whole people of the
Dwarves) Casar (pl. Casari or Casári;
partitive plural Casalli; the whole people of the
Dwarves being called
Casallië. According to WJ, Casar - Quenyaized
form of
Dwarvish Khazâd - "was the word most commonly used in
Quenya for
the Dwarves". Nauco "stunted one" and norno "thrawn
one" are less
polite words for "dwarf"; yet norno is stated to be
"the more friendly
term". But the Dwarves themselves would definitely prefer Casar.)
PETTY-DWARVES Picinaucor, Pitya-naucor (lit.
*"small
dwarves"), Attalyar (lit. "Bipeds").
DWARROWVAULT
Casarrondo (Khazad-dûm) -NAUK, WJ:388, 389
DWELLER mardo, DWELLING (noun) mar
(mas-)
(home), DWELLING (adj) #farnë (a pl form? Sg
farna? Only attested in the compound orofarnë
"mountain-dwelling". Note: farnë is also the pa.t.
of farya-
"suffice"); DWELLING-PLACE nórë (land, region
where
certain people live, nation, native land, family); DWELLING
UNDERGROUND
hróta (artificial cave, rockhewn hall) -LT1:251,
LotR:505 cf.
Letters:224, NDOR, PM:365
DWINDLE píca (part. pícala is
attested)
(lessen) -MC:223, 222
top
EACH máca -GL:41
EAGLE soron, sornë (þ) (pl.
sorni) (So in Etym; Letters:427 has sorno,
thorno, LT1:266 also has sor. Soron/sorno
obsoletes ea, earen in LT1:251 and LT2:338 -
besides,
ëa means "is" in mature Quenya.) KING OF EAGLES
Sorontur, "EAGLE-HORN" (a great height in Númenor)
Sorontil -THOR, Letters:427, UT:465
EARLY arinya; EARLY DAY +amaurëa (dawn);
EARLY MORN
tuilë (dayspring, spring-time) -AR1,
MC:223, TUY
EARTH cemen, kemen (soil). (Note:
at the time Tolkien
wrote Etym, he thought of cemen as the genitive of cén,
but later cemen evidently became the nominative form,
as it had been in
earlier writings [LT1:257]. In Silm:433, it is said that cemen
[kemen] refers to "the Earth as a flat floor beneath
menel,
the heavens". LT1:257 also has cemi "earth, soil, land"
and
Kémi "Mother Earth".) EARTH-QUEEN Kementári
(Yavanna's title); EARTHEN, OF EARTH cemina. (LT2:343
gives
indi "earthdwellers", another word for "men", but this
is hardly a
valid word in mature Quenya.) EARTH (= world) Ambar
(world)
(Tolkien equated Ambar with Oikoumene, a Greek
word denoting
"world" considered as "the inhabited world of Men". But ambar
also seems
to mean "doom", q.v. MR:337 (cf. WJ:419) has Imbar instead
of
Ambar; the literal meaning of both words is said to be
"habitation")
-KEM/Silm:433/LT1:257, MBAR cf. Letters:283 or SD:409
EAST rómen (allative Rómenna and
ablative Rómello in Namárië is capitalized),
róna; EASTERN rómenya (Entar,
Entardar "Outer Lands, Middle-earth" is also glossed as
"East" once, as
opposed to the Blessed Realm of the West.) The words órë
"dawn, Sunrise, East" and its corresponding adjective órëa
(LT1:264) are probably not valid words in mature Quenya; see
DAWN.
Neither can Ostar "East" be a valid word; see GATE. EAST-VICTOR
Rómendacil (one of the Kings of Gondor) EAST-LANDS
Orrostar (a region in Númenor) -RÔ/LotR:1157, UT:463,
Nam, EN, LotR:1075, 1081, UT:165, 459
EAT mat- -MAT
ECHO láma (ringing sound - so in Etym, but
see
SOUND), nalláma (In Etym, the second a of
the
latter word has an undefined diacritic here represented by '.)
ECHOING
lámina -LAM
EDDY hwinya- (swirl, gyrate); hwindë (whirlpool)
-SWIN
EDGE réna, ríma -REG, RÎ
EGLATH (or EGLAIN, EGLADHRIM) Heceldi (the
"Forsaken"
Elves, especially the Eldar left in Beleriand; sg Hecel is
given. MR:170
has Ecelli.) -WJ:365 cf. Silm:68
EIGHT tolto -TOL1-OTH/OT
ELBOW ólemë -LT1:258
ELEPHANT andamunda -MBUD
ELEVEN minquë <
i>-MINIK-W-, LT1:260
ELF quendë (generic, seldom used in sg; pl
Quendi is the usual form; there are gender-spesific forms
quendu
m. and quendi f., but they seem to be rare; pl. quendur
and
quendir is attested), Elda (originally
generic, but later
[MET] used of Elves of the Three Kindreds [Noldor, Vanyar,
Teleri] only. That
was at least the proper usage: Elda was the normal word
for "elf" in
Valinor, as all Elves there were Eldar. An archaic variant of Elda
was
Eldo.) ELVES OF AMAN Amanyar (sg #Amanya),
ELVES WHO REFUSED TO JOIN IN THE WESTWARD MARCH (from
Cuiviénen)
Avari (sg Avar in WJ:371; Avar or
Avaro in
Etym), also called Avamanyar "those who did not
go to Aman,
because they would not" (distinguish Úmanyar,
Úamanyar, Alamanyar "those who did not in the
event reach
Aman", though they did join in the march from Cuiviénen; these
are also
called Heceldi or Ecelli, see EGLATH). See
also DARK ELVES,
GREEN-ELVES, GREY-ELVES, HIGH-ELVES, LIGHT-ELVES, SEA-ELVES,
LITTLE ELF. Cf.
also ELVENHOME Eldamar, Elendë. ELF-PEOPLE
Eldalië, ELVISH Eldarinwa (adj only;
"Elvish"
meaning Elvish language is simply Eldarin. Properly,
these words for
"Elvish" apply to the Tree Kindreds only, not to all the
Quendi.)
Quenderin ("Elvish" referring to all the Quendi,
"Quendian"; this
remained a learned word) -WJ:361/KWEN(ED), MR:229 ELED,
Silm:424,
AB/WJ:371/Silm:65/MR:163, WJ:363, Silm:23/392, MR:415, WJ:407
ELF-FRIEND Elendil (actually meaning
*"star-friend". Tolkien
notes: "It is not surprising that the Edain...found it difficult
to discern
whether words and names containing the element el referred
to the stars
or to the Elves. This is seen in the name Elendil, which
was meant to
bear the sense "Elf-friend". Properly in Quenya it meant 'a
lover or student of
the stars'... 'Elf-friend' would have been more correctly
represented by
Quen(den)dil or Eldandil.") -WJ:410
ELF-LOVER #Eldameldo (pl Eldameldor in
WJ:417)
ELF-STONE Elessar (Aragorn's royal name,
prob.
*Elessard-, cf. STONE. The literal meaning is
*Star-stone, not Elf-stone
- but the Edain confused elen "star" and elda "elf".
Cf.
Elendil; see ELF-FRIEND above.) -LotR:395, 897
ELM-TREE alalmë, lalmë; LAND OF ELMS
Alalminórë (Warwickshire) -ÁLAM/LT1:249,
LÁLAM
EMBER yúla (smouldering wood) -YUL
EMINENT MAN aráto (champion) -Silm:428
EMIT LIGHT faina- PHAY
EMPTY lusta (void), cumna
-LUS, KUM
ENCHANT luhta-; ENCHANTMENT lúcë
-LUK
ENCLOSURE panda; CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE corin
-PAD, KOR
END (noun) metta, mentë,
tyel,
tyeldë, telu; THE ENDING OF THE WORLD Ambar-metta;
END (vb) tele- (intransitive) (finish -
so in WJ:411 -
LT1:267 gives telu-), tyel- (cease),
PUT AN END TO
metya- -LotR:1003, MET, LT1:267, WJ:411, KYEL
ENDLESS PERIOD oio -UT:317
ENDURANCE voronwië (lasting quality); ENDURING
voronwa
(long-lasting) -BORÓN
ENEMY cotumo -KOT
ENGLAND - see FAËRY.
ENOUGH farëa (sufficient) -PHAR
*ENQUIRY centa (as in Essecenta Eldarin
wa, probably
meaning *"Enquiry into Eldarin Names", as Tolkien described the
work as an
"Enquiry into the origins of Elvish names for Elves". Another
possible
translation of centa may be *"essay". However, the only
gloss Tolkien
gives of centa is "communication", q.v.) -MR:415
ENTRANCE (to harbour) londë (road [in
sea], also
translated "haven", q.v.)
ENVELOPE (noun) vaiya, vaia (both with
alternative, possibly
older [MET] forms in w-). -WAY
EXPIRE fírë- (perf. fírië
["has breathed forth"] is attested; *ifírië may be
the
more usual form) -MR:250
ERRANT ránen -RAN
ESCAPE (vb) usin (glossed "he
escapes" in LT:251, but
in mature Quenya it would have to mean, if anything, *"I escape"
- 1. pers.
aorist); ESCAPE (noun) uswë (issue) -LT1:251
*ESSAY see *ENQUIRY.
ESTABLISH tulca- (fix, set up. Note: there
is a homonym
meaning "firm, steadfast, strong, immoveable".) -LT1:270
cf. TULUK
ETERNAL oira -OY
EVENING andúnë (sunset, west), sinyë
-MC:222, THIN
EVER oi, voro, vor
(continually) (pref.
#oio-, vor-, voro-),
EVERWHITE, EVER-SNOW-WHITE
Oiolossë (a name for Taniquetil; gen Oiolossëo is
attested
in Nam, where it has an ablatival meaning); EVERSUMMER
Oiolairë, EVERLASTING oia, vorima;
EVERLASTING [?AGE]
(Tolkien's handwriting was illegible) oirë,
oialë; FOR EVER, EVERLASTINGLY oialë
(evidently the noun just mentioned used as an adverb),
tennoio
-OY, UT:458, BOR, LT1:250/273, Nam/RGEO:67, Silm:429,
UT:317
EVERY máca -GL:41
EVERYBODY ilquen; EVERYTHING ilqua -WJ:372,
IL
EVIL úmëa, #ulca (isolated from
henulca, see below); EVILEYED henulca;
EVIL-SMELLING
saura
(þ) (foul, putrid) - in compounds #sauri-,
see
FOUL. FREE FROM EVIL aman (see BLESSED). -SD:68,
72, UGU, THUS,
WJ:399
EXALTED ONES Aratar (pl; sg #Arata).
The
Aratar are the mightiest of the Valar: Manwë, Varda, Ulmo,
Yavanna,
Aulë, Mandos, Nienna, and Oromë. Aratar is also
rendered "High
Ones, The Supreme" -Silm 32/381, WJ:402
EXCEPT hequa (leaving aside, not counting,
excluding)
-WJ:364, 365
EXCLUDE hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is
given
but seems perfectly regular) (put aside, leave out,
abandon, forsake);
EXCLUDING hequa (leaving aside, not counting, except) -WJ:364,
365
EXPAND palu-, palya- (spread, extend,
open wide);
EXPANSIVE palla (wide) -PAL
EXPIRE fírë- (originally used of "one
sighing or
releasing a deep breath", but also used of Míriel when she
"breathed
forth" and died; later used of the death of mortals. Perf. fírië
is attested; *ifírië with prefix sundóma is
probably also a possible form.) -MR:250
EXTEND palu-, palya- (spread, expand,
open wide);
EXTENDED taina (lengthened); EXTENSION tailë (lengthening)
-PAL, TAY
EYE hen (hend-) (normal pl. hendi
as well as
the dual form #hendu are attested [isolated from hendumaica,
WJ:337]; #hendu would be used of a natural pair of eyes).
SHARP-EYE
hendumaica, EYES OF HEARTSEASE (a name of the pansy)
Helinyetillë -KHEN-D-E, WJ:337, LT1:262
EYRIE sornion (þ) (lit. gen.pl "of
eagles"?).
-LT1:266. (LT1:251 gives ëaren, but this is
hardly a valid
word in mature Quenya [see EAGLE])
top
FACE anta -ANA
FADE sinta- (þ) (pa.t. sintanë is
given,
though it seems perfectly regular), fir- (die), fifíru-
("slowly fade away", frequentative form of fir-;
the
participal form fifírula is attested); FADING quellë
(In the Calendar of Imladris, quellë was a
precisely defined
period of 54 days in late autumn. Also called lasselanta;
see AUTUMN.)
-THIN, MC:222/223, LotR:1141
FAËRY Inwilis, Inwinórë (another
gloss, "England", was struck out) -LT1:256
FAINT néca (vague, dim to see) -MC:222/223
FAIR vanima (beautiful, proper, right), vanë,
melima, linda (beautiful); FAIR FOLK Vanimo (pl.
Vanimor is given but seems perfectly regular; the word
is said to apply
to the "children of the Valar"). FAIR-MINDED faila (generous,
just)
-BAN, LT1:272, MEL, SLIN, PM:352
FAITHFUL voronda, vórima (steadfast) -UT:317,
LT1:250
FALL (vb) lanta- (pres. pl. lantar,
pl. past
lantaner and part. #lantala are attested);
FALL (noun)
lanta or #lantë. (The first of these
words
occurs in the compound lasselanta "leaf-fall, Autumn",
while
#lantë is isolated from Noldolantë "the Fall of
the
Noldor". From these examples it appears that a lanta is
a physical fall,
while a lantë is a moral fall. Perhaps the latter word
can also be
applied to a military defeat, as in "the fall of Gondolin".) THE
FALLEN
(= Númenor) Atalantë -DAT/DANT/MC:222, Nam,
SD:246, LT1:254, Silm:102/414, TALÁT
FALLOW marya (fawn, pale), malwa (pale)
-MAD,
SMAL
FAMILIAR moina (dear) -MOY
FAMILY nossë (clan, "house"), nórë,
-nor (land, country, dwelling-place, nation, native land)
-NÔ,
LT1:272
FANE yána (holy place, sanctuary) -YAN
FANG carca (tooth, tusk) -Silm:429,
LT2:344
FAR haira, eccaira, avahaira;
FAR AWAY (adj)
vahaia, FAR AWAY, FAR OFF (adv.) háya;
FAR AND
WIDE palan; FAR-SEER palantir, "FAR-WANDERER" (the
name of a
ship) Palarran -KHAYA, SD:247, Silm:435, TIR,
UT:460
FAREWELL namárië -Nam
FARMER nandor (perhaps obsolete in mature
Quenya, clashing
with the name of the Nandor.) -LT1:261
FASTEN tacë (3. pers. sg. aorist), pa.t.
tancë. -TAK
FAT tiuca (thick); GROW FAT tiuya- (swell)
-TIW
FATE umbar (umbart-) (doom; the
form amarto in
LT2:348 is no doubt obsolete, but ambar from the same
source may be a
valid word also in mature Quenya - see DOOM), marto (fortune,
lot);
manar, mandë (doom, final end, fortune
[usually = final bliss]); FATED marta
-MBARAT/LotR:1157,
MANAD
FATHER atar (pl. atári in
Silm,
though Etym has atari). FATHER OF ALL Ilúvatar
(God)
-Silm:428, 229/ATA/LT1:255, Silm:404/UT:446
FATHOM rangwë -RAK
FAWN marya (fallow, pale) -MAD
FAY OF THE COUNTRY nandin (dryad), FAY OF THE
MEADS Nermi
(pl. Nermir is attested) (field-spirit) -LT1:261,
262
FËANOR Fëanáro (Spirit of Fire)
-Silm:397/435, MR:217
FEAR (noun) caurë; FEAR (vb) - rucin
is
glossed "I feel fear or horror", constructed with "from" of the
object feared
(e.g. *rucin Orcollon "I fear Orcs") -LT1:257, WJ:415
FEAST meren (merend-), merendë
(festival); FESTIVE merya -MBER
FEATHER quessë -KWES, LotR:1157
FEBRUARY Nénimë (Amillion in
LT1:249 is
hardly a valid word in mature Quenya.) -LotR:1144
FEEL FEAR OR HORROR rucin (1. pers.
aorist), constructed
with "from" of the object feared. -WJ:415
FELL (adj) aica (sharp,
terrible, dire).
-PM:347
FELL (noun) helma (skin) -SKEL
FEMALE (noun) ní, FEMALE (adj.)
inya, inimeitë (pl. probably *inimeisi;
cf.
HANDED, LEAPING, WINDY) -INI
FENCED FIELD peler, FENCING OR DEFENSIVE
HEIGHTS
Pelóri -PEL(ES), WJ:403
FESTIVAL asar (Vanyarin athar) (fixed
time), meren
(merend-), merendë (feast);
FESTIVE merya
-WJ:399, MBER
FETCH tulta- (send for, summon) -TUL
FEY marta (fated) -MBARAT
FIELD-SPIRIT Nermi (pl. Nermir is
attested) (fay
of the meads) -LT1:262
FIERY uruitë, úruva (The stem from
which
these words are derived was struck out in Etym. However, several
words that
must be derived from this stem occur in LotR, indicating that
Tolkien restored
it. LT1:248 also gives sára "fiery", but this word is
probably
obsoleted by sára "bitter" in Etym.) -UR
FIGHT mahta- (wield a weapon) -MAK
FILL quat- (fut #quantuva is
attested in
enquantuva, "will refill") -WJ:392, Nam; cf. KWAT
FINAL tyelima, métima (ultimate,
last); FINAL END
mande, manar (fortune, bliss, fate), telda (last)
-MC:222 cf. 215, MANAD, WJ:411
FINARFIN Arafinwë -MR:230
FIND #hir- (only fut hiruva is
attested),
#tuv- (only perf #utúvië is attested
[with
pronominal endings: utúvienyes "I have found it"]). It
is
difficult to say what distintion in meaning there may be between
these words
(if any at all); the verb #tuv- is evidently the same as
tuvu- in
GL:71, there glossed "receive". -Nam/RGEO:67, LotR:1008
FINE tereva (acute, piercing) -TER
FINE RAIN rossë (dew, spray) -ROS cf.
Letters:282
FINGER lepsë; FINGERED #l
epta (isolated from
raccalepta "clawfingered") -LEP, SD:68,
72
FINGON Findecáno -PM:345
FINISH (vb) tele- (intransitive) (end)
(so in
WJ:411 - LT1:267 gives telu-) telya- (transitive)
(wind up, conclude). Cf. also telma "conclusion,
anything used to
finish off a work or affair", "often applied to the last item in
a structure,
such as a coping-stone, or a topmost pinnacle." FINISH (noun)
telu -WJ:411, LT1:267
FINROD Findaráto -Silm:428/PM:346
FIRE úr (the stem from which this
word is
derived was struck out in Etym. However, several words that must
be derived
from this stem occur in LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored
it. But a more
usual word for "fire" is apparently nár, nárë,
which appear [with the masculine ending -o] in the
following names:)
SPIRIT OF FIRE Fëanáro (Fëanor), FELL FIRE
Aicanáro (Sharp Flame, Aegnor) (so in Silm:435;
MR:323 has
Aicanár). LT1:265 has sá "fire", poetic form
sai, also sairin "fiery"; cf. also Sáya
"the
fire-fay" in GL:66. LT:271 has the following "fire"-words: FIRE
uru,
FIERY uruvoitë, ON FIRE urwa, LIKE FIRE urúva.
Cf. also FIREWOOD turu (but the word was also
used of wood in
general). BOWL OF FIRE tanyasalpë (evindently
#tanya
"fire" + #salpë "bowl") -UR, Silm:397,
MR:217,
LT1:265, 270, 271, 292
FIRM tulca (strong, immovable, steadfast;
Note: there
is a homonym meaning "fix, set up, establish"), tulunca
(steady),
sanda (true, abiding), tanca (fixed, sure) -TULUK,
LT1:270,
STAN, TAK
FIRST minya (cf. Minyar "Firsts", the
first clan among
the Elves), inga, *yesta; FIRSTBORN (= the
Elves)
Minnónar. (*Yesta is corrected from the
actual
reading esta; see BEGINNING. For FIRSTBORN, Etym has Estanessi,
which would similarly become *Yestanessi, but this word
is propably
obsoleted by the later [TLT] form Minnónar. Writers
should use
the latter word.) FIRST-BEGOTTEN Minyon (a personal
name. The element
yon, translated "begotten", may be a reduced form of yondo
"son".
Alternatively, and perhaps more likely, Minyon may be
the adjective
minya "first" turned into a masculine name by adding the
masculine
ending -on. In that case, the literal meaning is simply
*"First One".
But it is possible that on is actually derived from the
stem ONO
"beget", and that "First-begotten" really is the literal
meaning.)
-MIN/Silm:434/WJ:420, ING, ESE, WJ:403
FISH lingwë (perhaps the general word, as
opposed to
hala), SMALL FISH hala,
"FISH-WATCHER"
(i.e., kingsfisher, a bird) halatir (halatirn-) or
halatirno -LIW, SKAL2, TIR
FIST quárë (often used to mean "hand").
(In compounds -quar: Telperinquar = Sindarin
Celebrimbor, "Silver-Fist, Hand of Silver". The first
version of the
stem KWAR yielded quár pl. quari.) -KWAR,
Silm:429/387
FIT mára (useful, good) -MAG
FIVE lempë -LEP/GL:53
FIX panya- (set), tulca- (establish,
set up. Note:
there is a homonym meaning "firm, steadfast, strong, immoveable");
FIXED
tanca (sure, firm); BE FIXED mar- (abide, be
settled). FIXED TIME
asar (-th-, Vanyarin athar) (festival),
FIXED IDEA see
IDEA -PAN, LT1:270 cf. TULUK, TAK, UT:317, WJ:399
FLAG ambal (shaped stone) -MBAL
FLAME nár, nárë, velca;
SHARP-FLAME Aicanáro (so in Silm:435; MR:323 has
Aicanár), (Aegnor, Fell Fire), RED FLAME rúnya;
HEART OF FLAME Naira (a name of the Sun),
FLAME-COLOURED
culina, culda (golden-red) -NAR1,
LT1:260,
Silm:437, MR:198, KUL
FLAT lára -DAL
FLEECE uë -LT1:249
FLESH hrávë, sarco; FLESHY sarqua
-MR:349, LT2:347
FLINTHEARTED sincahonda -LotR:1015 cf.
SD:68, 72
?FLINTSTONE #sinca (isolated from sincahonda
"flinthearted") -LotR:1015 cf. SD:68, 72
FLOAT lutu- (LT1:273 has wili- "sail,
float,
fly", but see FLY.) -LT1:249
FLOOD (tide), celumë (stream, flow,
flowing),
ulundë, lúto; FLOODING (adj)
úlëa (flowing, pouring) -ULU, KEL/MC:223, LT1:249
FLOOR talan (pl talami) (ground);
PAVED FLOOR
paca (court) -TAL, GL:63
FLOUR porë (meal) -POR
FLOURISH (noun) rincë (quick shake) -RIK
FLOW (vb) sir-, lutta-, lutu-;
FLOW, FLOWING (noun) celumë (stream, flood);
FLOWING
(adj) úlëa (flooding, pouring), sírima
(liquid). -SIR, LT1:249, KEL/MC:223, LT1:265
FLOWER (large and single) lótë (often
-lot in compounds). (The word lótë is
usually
applied to a large, single flower. From *ambalotsë
"uprising-flower" [q.v.] #lotsë can be isolated;
this may be
the more general word for "flower".) FLOWER OF THE
WEST (a floral
design) Númellóte. Cf. also indil,
"lily, or other large single flower". PUT FORTH LEAVES OR
FLOWERS
*lohta- (corrected from the actual reading lokta because
Tolkien
later decided that kt became ht in Quenya)
(sprout)
-LOT(H), LT1:259, WJ:318, UT:227, 458, WJ:399, LT:258
FLUTE simpa, simpina (pipe); FLUTER timpinen
-LT1:266, 268
FLUTTERING TO AND FRO wilwa -MC:223
FLY wilin ("I fly", 1. pers. aorist), pa.t.
willë (cf. wili- "sail, float, fly" in
LT1:273).
FLY OR STREAM IN THE WIND hlapu- (part. hlápula is
attested), FLYING rimpa (rushing); SEND FLYING horta-
-WIL, MC:223, RIP, KHOR
FOAM (vb) falasta- (part. falastala
is
attested); FOAM (noun) fallë, winga (spray),
wingë (wingi-) (crest [of wave],
spindrift).
-MC:222/223, PHAL, WIG, LT1:273
FOG hísë (mist. Note: a homonym means
"dusk"), hiswë, hui (murk, dark, night) -KHIS,
LT1:253
FOIL (plant) asëa (þ) -LotR:899
FOLIAGE olassië (collection of leaves)
-Letters:282
FOLK hos -LT2:340
FOLLOW hilya- FOLLOWER neuro;
FOLLOWERS (an
Elvish name of Men) Hildor, Hildi (unattested
sg
#Hildo; dative pl hildin is attested; cf also Hildinyar
"my heirs" in Aragorn's oath) -KHIL/Silm:116/122/403,
FS/WJ:387,
LotR:1003, 1004
FOOD (cooked) apsa -AP
FOOT tál (tal-) (These forms
probably obsolete
tala pl talwi in LT2:347.) FOOTPRINT runya
(slot)
-TAL, RUN
FOR an (Nam: an
sí...Varda...máryat...ortanë, "for now...Varda...has
uplifted her hands". Note: an is also glossed "to,
till".) English "for"
meaning "for the benefit of" will often be rendered by the
dative ending
-n (pl -in); e.g. nin "for me". -Nam
FORBID váquet- (refuse, say no) (1. pers.
sg aorist
and past váquetin, váquenten are given)
avaquet- (refuse) (pa.t. is no doubt *avaquentë;
cf.
quet- under SAY) -WJ:370, KWET
#FORD tarna (This gloss is isolated from Taruktarna
"Oxford", q.v. Tolkien glossed tarna as "crossing,
passage")
-LT1:347
?FOREIGN (Tolkien's handwriting was illegible) ettelen
-ET
FORESIGHT *apacen (lit. *"after-sight", a
vision of
something that will come after the present. In MR:216, apacenyë
is
translated "foresight"; yet the context and the form of the word
itself clearly
indicates that it is actually the pl. form of an adjective #apacenya
"of
foresight". The noun "foresight" is almost certainly *apacen;
cf.
tercen "insight".) -MR:216
FOREST taurë ([great] wood) (pl. tauri
is
attested), tauno, málos (the two latter
may not be
valid words in mature Quenya) -TAWAR/Silm:438/MC:222 cf
215, LT2:342,
LT1:267
FORGE - LT1:250 gives tamin, but this word
is probably
obsoleted by tamin "I tap" in Etym.
FORM car- (make, q.v.) -WJ:391
FORMER, THE yara (that); FORMER
DAYS
yárë; FORMER TIMES yalúmë; FORMERLY
yá (ago), BELONGING TO OR DESCENDING FROM FORMER TIMES
yára (ancient) -YA
FORSAKE hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is given but
seems
perfectly regular) (put aside, leave out, exclude,
abandon); FORSAKEN ELVES
see EGLATH. ONE LOST OR FORSAKEN BY FRIENDS hecil
(gender-spesific forms are hecilo m. and hecilë f.)
(waif, outcast, outlaw) -WJ:365
FORT arta (fortress) (Note: arta also
means "across,
athwart") -GARAT (see 3AR)
FORTH et- (prefix) (out) -ET
FORTRESS arta (fort) (Note: arta also
means "across,
athwart") -GARAT (see 3AR)
FORTUNE (good) alma (weal,
wealth);
mandë, manar (final end, doom, fate); heren
(governance, what is in store for one or what one has in
store); marto
(fate, lot); FORTUNATE herenya (wealthy, blessed,
rich) -GALA,
MAN/MANAD, KHER, LT2:348
FOUL saura (þ) (evil-smelling, putrid); in
compounds
sauri- as in FOULBELLIED sauricumba -THUS,
SD:68, 72
FOUNDATION talma (base, root) -TAL
FOUNTAIN ehtelë (issue of water, spring).The
actual
readng in LT1 and LT2 is ektelë, but Tolkien later
decided that
kt became ht in Quenya. The new form of the
word is attested in
Silm. LT also gives the form kektelë, that would
likewise become
*cehtelë.) -LT1:257, LT2:338
FOUR canta, (prefix:) can- -KANÁT
FOX rusco -PM:353
FREE mirima (of a person, as opposed to the
following:)
latin, latina (open, cleared [of land]).
(A word
fairë "free" is mentioned in LT1:250, but
may be
obsolete: several other meanings are attributed to this word in
later writings
[see DEATH, PHANTOM, RADIANCE]. However, fairië "freedom"
does not
clash with later words.) FREE FROM EVIL aman (see
BLESSED) -LAT,
MIS, WJ:399
FREEZE niquë- ("it is cold, it freezes"). LT1:254
gives
hilcin "it freezes", but in mature Quenya this will have
to mean, if
anything, "I freeze" (1. pers. aorist). -WJ:417, LT1:254
FREQUENT rimba -RIM
FRESH venya, wenya (yellow-green,
green); FRESHNESS
vén, wén (youth, greenness) -GWEN
FRESHLET celussë (water falling out swiftly
from a rocky
spring) -UT:426
FRIEND málo, meldo (pl meldor
is
attested), nildo (m.), nildë (f.),
sermo, seron (m.), sermë (f.),
-ser
(final element in compounds), -(n)dil
(final
element in compounds, e.g. Elendil, Anardil,
Valandil -
sometimes translated "lover" rather than "friend". When the
first part of the
compound ends in l, n, or r, the n of
-ndil
is left out). FRIENDLY nilda (lovely),
FRIENDSHIP
nilmë -MEL, WJ:412, NIL, SER, Letters:386
FROM ho - English "from" will often be
rendered by the
ablative case, endings -llo, pl -llon or -llor,
dual
-lto, e.g. Eärello *"from the Sea". -3O,
LotR:1003
FROST nixë, ringwë (rime), FROST-PATTERNS
niquis, niquessë (the latter by association
with
quessë "feather") -WJ:417, LT1:265
FROZEN halcin -LT1:254
FRUIT yávë (so in Etym and Silm:439;
LT1:273 has
yáva). BEAR FRUIT yavin (which must mean
*"I bear
fruit", stem #yav-. Tolkien often employs the 1. person
aorist when
mentioning a verb in his wordlists.) -YAB, LT1:273
FULL quanta; FULLY aqua (completely,
altogether,
wholly); FULL STOP (in Tengwar punctuation - probably
the symbol
:) pusta (stop) -KWAT, WJ:392, PUS
FUNGUS hwan (pl hwandi) (sponge)
-SWAD
top
GALADRIEL Altáriel (Altariell-;
gen. Altariello is attested. Altáriel
is the
form used in Noldorin Quenya, Galadriel's own mother-tongue; the
Telerin form
is Alatáriel [UT:266]. According to PM:347 [that gives
Altariel with no long á] the true Quenya
equivalent of the
Telerin form would have been Ñaltariel, but this form
was
apparently not used.) -Silm:433, RGEO:66
GAME tyalië (sport, play) -TYAL/LT1:260
GANDALF Olórin (his name in Valinor,
derived from a
stem meaning "dream" - not an actual translation of "Gandalf",
meaning "Elf of
the Wand", a name he was given by people who did not know that
he was actually
a Maia.) -LotR:391, UT:396 cf. 391
GAOL #mando (isolated from Angamando "Iron-Gaol";
mando is also defined as "safe keeping"). -MR:350
GAP fásë (gulf) -GL:36
GARLAND ría (wreathe); MAIDEN CROWNED WITH A
FESTIVAL
GARLAND riellë -PM:347
GASH cirissë (slash), hyatsë (cleft)
-KIRIS, SYAD
GATE ando; GREAT GATE andon (pl
andondi).
(LT1:264 has osto "the gates of the Sun" and Ostor
"East", but
in mature Quenya osto means "town".) -AD, LotR:1157,
LT1:264
GATHER hosta- (collect, assemble); GATHERING (of
three or more
coming from different directions) yomenië (meeting)
-MC:223,
WJ:407
GENEROUS faila (fair-minded, just) -PM:352
GENTLE moica (soft), GENTLE BREEZE vílë
-GL:58, LT1:273
GET LOW (of the Sun) númeta-, númenda-
-LT1:263
GERM erdë (seed. Note: a homonym means
"person".)
-ERÉD
GESTURE-CODE hwermë -WJ:395
GIANT norsa (þ) (see also MONSTER)
-NOROTH
GIFT anna; GIVE anta- (present);
GIVER
antë (f), anto (m) (the latter
word from
Etym is probably obsoleted by anto "mouth" in LotR:1157
- an alternative
word for "[male] giver" might be *antaro). LAND OF
GIFT (a name
of Númenor) Andor (haplology of *Annandor),
DEAR
GIFT (the meaning of Melian's name) Melyanna -ANA,
LotR:1157,
Silm:313, 434
GIMILZÔR Telemnar -UT:223
GIMLET teret (auger) -LT1:255
GIRDLE #lesta (isolated from #Lestanórë;
see DORIATH. #Lesta is the cognate of Sindarin lest
as in Lest
[or List] Melian "the Girdle of Melian"
[WJ:228]. Note:
#lesta also means "measure".) -WJ:369, Silm:390
GIRL wen (pl. wendi) (maid) -LT1:271
GIVE anta- -ANA
GIVE BIRTH nosta- (but in later
sources, nost
a-
is glossed "beget") -LT1:272
GIVEN (OR ADDED) NAME anessë (pl anessi
is
attested. This word encompasses both "after-names" and
"mother-names".)
-MR:217
GLAMHOTH Sancossi (see GOBLIN) -LT2:341
GLASS hyellë; LITTLE GLASS lipil.
Cf.
also vírin, "a magic glassy substance of great lucency
used in
fashioning the Moon" -KHYEL, LT1:258, LT2:339
GLAURUNG see GLORUND
GLEAM (WHITE) ilca- (part. ilcala is
attested)
-MC:223
GLINT (vb) tinë (pres 3. pers sg);
GLINT (noun) tindë, wintil; GLINTING
tinda (silver) -TIN, LT1:261
GLITTER mirilya-; GLITTERING rilya (brilliance);
GLITTERING LIGHT rilma; GLITTERING REFLECTION nalta
(radiance -
alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form. In PM:347,
nalta
is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng
had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the
system of LotR
and transcribe it accordingly. But if this word is written in
Tengwar, the
initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo,
not
númen.) -MBIRIL, RIL, PM:347
GLOBE coron; GLOBED corna (round) -KOR
GLOOM ungwë, lumbë (shadow); GLOOMY morna
(black, dark, sombre), huinë (darkness, shadow),
lómë (night, twilight, darkness, dusk), yaru;
CHILD
OF GLOOM lómëar (probably not a valid word in mature
Quenya) -UÑG, LUM, GL:37, LT1:255, Silm:431
GLORIOUS alcarinqua (radiant) (The shorter
form alcarin
is attested as a title of king Atanatar II. Cf. also
Alcarinquë, a name of Jupiter.) -AKLA-R-, WJ:412,
RGEO:73/LotR:1075, Silm:55
GLORUND, GLORUNN Laurundo, Undolaurë (Tolkien
later
changed Glorund to Glaurung. Read *Laurungo, *Ungolaurë
in Quenya?) -LT2:341
GLORY alcar,
alcarë (splendour, brilliance)
-AKLA-R-/RGEO:73/ UT:317/WJ:369/Silm:427
GNOME
(only = wise one, Noldo) Noldo (spelt Ngoldo
in tengwar writing, reflecting the earlier pronounciation);
pl. Noldor
is attested. GNOMISH (general adjective:) Noldorinwa,
(Gnomish language:) Noldorin, GNOME-LAND Noldomar
-LT1:262, Silm:61, LotR:1157
GO lelya- or linna- (pa.t. lendë
in both
cases) (proceed, travel); vanya- (pa.t. vannë)
(depart, disappear), GO ROUND pel- (revolve, return);
GO ATHWART
tara- (cross); GO AWAY auta- (leave, pass); pa.t.
oantë, oantië (in the physical sense "went
away
[to another place]", vánë ("the most frequently
used
past [tense]" - less "physical" than oantë, rather
meaning to be
lost or to disappear), also anwë (this pa.t. was
"only found
in archaic language"), perf. avánië (pl
avánier is attested); perf. vánië with no
augment may occur in verse. GONE vanwa (departed,
vanished, dead,
lost, past and over, no longer to be had) BE GONE! heca! -
also with
pronominal affixes: sg hecat, pl hecal "you
be gone!" (stand
aside!) -WJ:363, LED, PEL, LT2:347, WAN, Nam, WJ:364, 366
GOAT - she-goat: nyéni -LT1:262
GOBLET súlo, fion -SUG (see SUK),
LT1:253
GOBLIN (Orc) urco (pl urqui) or
orco
(pl. orqui or orcor); THE GOBLINS Sancossi
(sancë "hateful" + hossi "armies", said to
be the
Quenya equivalent of Sindarin Glamhoth) -ÓROK,
LT2:202/MR:74/WJ:390, LT2:341
GOD Eru ("The One, He that is Alone", a
proper name that can
hardly be used as a common noun meaning "god" in general. Eru
obsoletes
Enu in LT2:343), Ilúvatar "Father of
All",
Ainatar *"Holy-Father" (titles of God), PAGAN
GOD
ainu, PAGAN GODDESS aini (angelic
spirit, holy
one). (As Christopher Tolkien notes, the Ainur are of course
not "pagan" to
the people of Middle-earth. In Etym and Silm, Ainu/Aini is
capitalized.)
-Silm:15/396/431, LT1:248 cf. AYAN and Silm:426
GOLD (the metal) malta (so in LotR
- Etym has
malda [stem SMAL], but cf. smalta mentioned
under
LAWAR); GOLD laurë (= "not
the metal but
the colour, what we should call golden light", Letters:308, "of
light and
colour, not of the metal", Silm:433, "not a metallic word. It
was applied to
those things which we often call 'golden' though they do not
much resemble
metallic gold: golden light, especially sunlight", RGEO:70, "a
word for golden
light or colour, never used for the metal", PM:353, "light of
the golden Tree
Laurelin", LR:368; a "mystic name" of gold, LT1:255 [no
doubt an
obsolete notion]; in LT1:258 and LT2:341 the gloss is simply
"gold".) RED
GOLD +cullo (obsoleting culu in LT2:341? In
LT1:255 culu
is said to be a poetic word for "gold", but also used
mythically as a name
of all red and yellow metals), GOLDEN laurëa (pl
laurië is attested; LT1:258 has laurina),
GOLDEN-RED
culda, culina (flame-coloured); (cf. Silm.
Appendix: "cul-
'golden-red' in Culúrien") -LotR:1157/SMAL,
Letters:308/RGEO:70/LAWAR, KUL, RGEO:70/Nam, Silm:429
GONDOLIN Ondolindë ("Stone Song", so in
Silm:149, 415;
LT1:254 gives Ondolinda, changed from Ondolin)
-LT1:254
GONE vanwa (departed, lost, past) -WAN,
Nam
GONG tombo -LT1:269
GOOD (of things) mára (fit
, useful), GOOD
(morally good) manë; GOODBYE mára mesta
-MAG (see MA3), LT1:260, Arct
GOODS armar (sg #arma
if there is a sg)
-3AR
GOOSE ván, wán (pl. váni
is given, but seems perfectly regular) -WA-N-
GORE nasta (spearhead, point, triangle), nehtë
(spearhead, narrow promontory, wedge), mear (from
a root possibly
meaning "ooze") -SNAS, UT:282, LT1:260
GORGE cilya (pass between hills, cleft) (so
in Etym, but cf.
#cirya in the name Calacirya "Pass of Light"
[gen. Calaciryo
in Namárië] - though this clashes with cirya "ship".
An
early version of Namárië actually had Calacilyo, not
Calaciryo; see An Introduction to Elvish p. 5)
-KIL
GORTHAUR Sauron (þ) -Silm:418 cf.
THUS
GOTHMOG Cosomot (prob. *Cosomoc-, cf
the alternative
form Cosomoco) -LT1:258
GOVERN turin ("I...govern", 1. pers.
aorist), pa.t.
turnë (wield, control). LT1:273 has vard- "rule,
govern",
but this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya. -TUR
GOVERNANCE heren (fortune) -KHER
GOVERNOR cáno (see COMMANDER), (governor,
chieftain,
commander) -PM:345
GRADE #tyellë (only pl tyeller is
attested -
note irregular plural instead of the expected form **tyelli)
-LotR:1153
GRAMMAR tengwesta (system or code of signs) -TEK
cf. WJ:394
GRANDCHILD indyo (descendant) (Indyo looks
like
Vanyarin Quenya; the combination ndy became ny in
Noldorin Quenya
[see MIDDLE]. The Noldor likely used the form *inyo.) -ÑGYO(N)
GRANT lav- (yield, allow) -DAB
GRASP mapa- (seize) This word was struck
out in one of
Tolkien's earlier word-lists, but in Etym it was restored. -MAP,
LT2:339
GRASS salquë, (stiff and dry:) sara
(þ) (bent) -SALAK, STAR
GREAT velicë (possibly obsolete in mature
Quenya: In
LT1:254 velicë is said to correspond to Gnomish beleg,
but
according to LR:352 the stem from which beleg is
derived is "not found
in Q[uenya]"). GREAT (in size) alta (large)
(The form
alat- is used in compounds when the next word has an
initial vowel, as
in Alatairë. Tolkien's gloss of alta, alat-
was
actually illegible, and I give the root meaning of the stem
ÁLAT. The
meaning of the Quenya word cannot differ too widely from it, for
Alatairë is said to correspond to
"Noldorin"
Belegoer [mature Sindarin Belegaer], The Great
Sea.) -LT1:254,
ÁLAT cf. BEL, cf. Silm:428
GREAT BEAR see SICKLE OF THE VALAR.
GREAT LONGING mavoinë -LT2:345
GREAT NUMBER - in a very great number: úvëa
(abundance) -UB
GREAT QUANTITY úvë (abundance) -UB
GREAT WOOD taurë (forest) -TAWAR
GREED milmë; GREEDY milca -MIL-IK
GREEN laiqu
a (so in Etym - Letters:282 has laica, meaning
something wholly different ["keen, piercing"] in LT2:337), ezel,
ezella (adopted from Valarin; only used in
Vanyarin
Quenya), GREEN-ELVES Laiquendi (probably a
haplology of
*Laiquaquendi, this word was not much used according to
WJ),
wenya (yellow-green, fresh); GREENNESS wén,
laiquassë (freshness, youth) -LÁYAK/LT1:267, WJ:399,
GWEN, WJ:385, LT1:267
GREY #mista (isolated from lassemista "leaf-grey"),
hiswa, sinda (þ) (WJ has sindë
"pale or silvery grey", but sinda is given in
Silm:438 and the
words sindanoriello "from a grey land", Sindacollo
"Grey-cloak"
and Sindar "Grey-Elves, *Grey Ones" all point to sinda
as the
Quenya word for "grey".) GREY-ELVES Sindar (þ)
(sg.
Sinda), less commonly Sindeldi (sg Sindel);
GREY-CLOAK Sindacollo, Singollo (þ) (so
in
Silm:421; MR:217 has Sindicollo); GREY-ELVEN sindarinwa
(adj), Sindarin (= Grey-Elven language) (þ)
-LotR:505 cf. Letters:224, KHIS, LotR:1171, Silm:438,
THIN/WJ:384, Nam,
Silm:419, WJ:384, LotR:1157, 1161
GRIEF nyérë (sorrow). Pl. probably
*nyérer not *nyéri; cf. the similar formation
tyávë "taste" pl. tyáver. The noun
nyérë points to a verbal stem *nyer- "grieve".
-GL:60/LT1:261
GROT (small) rotto (tunnel) -PM:365
GROUND talan (pl talami) (floor) -TALAM
GROW FAT tiuya- -TIW
GROWL (vb) yarra- (snarl), (of
dogs:)
núru- (grumble); GROWL (noun) nur (complaint)
-MC:223, LT1:263
GRUMBLE (vb) nurru- (murmur), núru-
(growl
[of dogs]). (These may simply be two forms of the same word. Nurru-
is by far the later [TLT] form.) GRUMBLING (adj) nurrua
-MC:223, LT1:263
GUARD - use the word glossed "watch, heed", q.v.
Cf. LT1:258. For
"guard" as a noun, #tirno "watcher" may be isolated from
halatirno
(see FISHWATCHER)
GUESS (vb) intya-; GUESS (noun)
intya
(supposition, idea)
GULF yáwë (cleft, ravine), fásë
(gap) -YAG, GL:36
GULL maiwë -MIW
GYRATE hwinya- (eddy, swirl) -SWIN
top
HABIT haimë -KHIM
HABITATION imbar (Imbar was an Elvish
name of the Earth
as the prinicipal part of Arda; the form Ambar may be more
usual and is
found in LotR.) -MR:337, WJ:419, 402, LotR:1003
HAIL aiya (so in LotR; LT1:248 has áyë)
-LotR:747, 950 cf. Letters:385
HAIR loxë; TANGLED HAIR fassë; LOCK OF
HAIR
findë (defined as "a tress or plait of hair" in PM:345;
LT2:341
has findl, an impossible form in mature Quenya),
HEAD OF HAIR, A
PERSON'S HAIR AS A WHOLE findessë -LOKH, PHAS, SPIN,
PM:345
HALF-ELVEN (noun, pl) Pereldar (Sindarin
Peredhil, LotR:1071) -Letters:386
HALL #mardë (isolated from oromardi "lofty
halls,
high-halls"); ROCKHEWN HALL hróta- (artificial
cave,
rockhewn hall) -Nam/RGEO:66, PM:365
HALLOW aitita- -Vinyar Tengwar #32 p. 7
HALVE perya- (devide in middle) (After perya,
a word
perina is mentioned - it is undefined but must be the
corresponding past
participle, *"halved, divided in middle".) -PER
HAMMER (vb) namba-; HAMMER (noun) namba
-NDAM
HAMS hacca (buttocks) -GL:47
HAND má (pl. allative mannar "into...hands"
is
attested; the long á evidently becomes short a before
a
consonant cluster), quárë (the latter is
properly
"fist", but was often used for "hand" - see FIST); HOLLOW OF
HAND
cambë; HAVING HANDS mavoitë; HANDY, HANDED
maitë (skilled) (pl. maisi. When maitë
is the
final element of names, it is translated "handed" instead of
"handy", e.g.
Angamaitë "Iron-handed", morimaitë "blackhanded")
-MA3/LT2:339, FS, KWAR/Silm:429, KAB, LotR:1085 cf.
Letters:425,
LotR:1015/SD:68, 72, UT:460
HANDLE mahta- -MA3
HANG linga- (dangle) -LING
HAPPEN - LT2:348 gives mart- "it happens"
(impersonal).
Perhaps read *marta- in mature Quenya, though that would
clash with
marta "fey, fated".
HAPPY valin (LT1:272 also gives valimo,
but
adjectives ending in -o do not occur in mature Quenya),
HAPPINESS
vald- (so in LT1:272; nom. sg. must be either *val or
*valdë) (blessedness) -LT1:272
HARBOUR hópa (haven, bay - obsoleting cópa,
cópas in LT1:257); HARBOURAGE hopassë
-KHOP
HARD nauca (ill-shapen, twisted, *small -
see SMALL.)
-WJ:413
HARE lapattë -GL:52
HARP (vb) nanda-; HARP (noun) nandë;
LITTLE HARP nandellë; HARPING (noun, not adjectival
participle)
nandelë; HARPER nandaro, HARP-PLAYER
tyalangan. (In Etym, all but the last of these words are
spelt with
initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had
become n
in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and
transcribe it
accordingly. But if these words are written in Tengwar, the
initial n
should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not
númen.) HARP-PLAYING salmë. -NGAN, TYAL;
cf.
LotR:1157, LT1:265
HARSH naraca (rending, violent) -NÁRAK
HARVEST yávië (autumn) - evidently
obsoleting
yávan in LT1:273. In the Calendar of Imladris,
yávië was a precisely defined period of 52 days, but the
word was also used without any exact definition. Note: yávië
probably refers to harvest time only, not "harvest"
in the sense
"harvested products", though it is derived from a stem meaning
"fruit".
-LotR:1142, 1145
HASP tangwa (clasp) -TAK
HASTE ormë (wrath, violence, rushing); HASTY orna,
tyelca (agile) -GOR, KHOR, PM:353
HAT táta -GL:71
HATE (vb) tevë- (aorist form);
LT1:258
has mokir "I hate", read *mocin in mature
Quenya? HATEFUL
sancë; HATRED tevië, tevin -LT1:268,
LT2:341
HAVE - see POSSESS. Cf also NO
LONGER TO BE HAD
vanwa (gone, dead, departed, lost, past, vanished) -WJ:366
HAVEN hópa (harbour, bay) londë (as
in
Alqualondë "Haven of the Swans", UT:417 - but elsewhere
londë is glossed "entrance to harbour, road in sea")
-KHOP
?HAWK fion (pl fioni, fiondi)
(Tolkien's gloss was "not certainly legible; the likeliest
interpretation
would be 'haste', but 'hawk' is a possibility." The translation
"haste" is out
of the question, as this word would have no plural form.
Besides, a quite
different word for "haste" [ormë] is known.) -PHI
HE pronominal ending -ro + lengthening
of the
previous vowel, e.g. antaváro he will give (so
in LR:63,
probably *antuváro in mature Quenya). There is also the
ending
-s, that covers the entire 3. person sg: "he, she, it".
It is uncertain
what the independent word for "he, even he" might be. LR:63 has
e, a
word that appears in Sindarin as well (SD:129). Does it also
cover "she, it"?
Cf. HIM, HIS.
HEAD cár (cas-), nóla (round
head,
knoll); HEAD OF HAIR findessë (see HAIR). -KAS,
NDOL,
PM:345
HEAL #envinyata- (isolated from the past
participle
envinyanta "healed". The literal meanings are *"renew"
and
"renewed", cf. Aragorn's title Envinyatar "Renewer"
[q.v.])
-MR:405
HEAR #hlar- (only fut hlaruva is
attested)
-MC:222
HEARING (adj) lasta (listening)
-LAS2
HEART hón (physical heart), órë
(inner mind - concerning this word, see SPIRIT) (Note: a
homonym means
"rising"), indo (mind, mood), elwen; -HEARTED
#honda (isolated from sincahonda "flinthearted").
EYES OF HEARTSEASE (a name of the pansy) Helinyetillë
HEART
OF FLAME Naira (a name of the Sun), -KHÔ-N-,
LotR:1157,
ID, LT1:255, LotR:1015 cf. SD:68, 72, LT1:262, MR:198
HEAT úrë (The stem from which this word
must be
derived was struck out in Etym, but the word occurs in LotR
itself, indicating
that Tolkien restored the stem in question.) SMOULDERING
HEAT, RED [?HEAT]
(Tolkies handwriting was illegible) yulmë (Note:
a homonym means "drinking, carousal") -LotR:1157 cf. UR;
YUL
HEAVE #amorta- (only part. amortala is
attested),
HEAVE (of large and heavy things:) rúma- (shift,
move)
(part. rúmala is attested) -MC:222 cf. 215,
MC:223,
222
HEAVENS, THE menel (a sg word, "heaven", as
opposed to its
English translation), ilwë (sky). -Silm:434/MC:222
cf. 215,
LT1:255
HEAVY lunga -LUG
HEDGE (jagged hedge of spikes) caraxë
-KARAK
HEED tirin ("I watch", *"I heed", 1. pers.
aorist),
pa.t. tirnë; fut. tiruva "shall heed" is
attested; also
cim-. -MC:222 cf. 214, TIR, GL:39
HEIGHT #tárië (only allative tárienna
"to the height" is attested) -LotR:989 cf. Letters:308
HEIR aryon (also haryon is glossed
as "heir", but
this gloss is paranthetic and "prince" is given as the primary
meaning.
Hildinyar is translated "my heirs" in Aragorn's oath; it
appears that
this is actually a form of hildo "follower".) -GAR
(see 3AR),
LotR:1003, 1004
HELL Angamando ("Iron-prison", Morgoth's
dungeon-fortress in
the First Age. This is the form given in MR; Etym has Angamanda,
LT1:249/252 has Angamandu/Angamandi or Eremandu
"Hells of
Iron". In LT1:259, Mandos is glossed "hell", but Mandos
was simply the
halls of the dead and not a place of torture. GL:51 also has fatanyu.)
-MR:350,
MBAD
HELMET cassa -KAS
HEM ríma (edge, border), HEM OF ROBE lappa
-RÎ, GL:52
HER 1. (object form of she) - the
ending -s
(also covering "it, *him". Utúvienyes [LotR:1008] is
translated
"I have found it", but it could probably mean "I have found
her/him" as well.)
Case endings may be attached to se, e.g. dative *sen
"for her".
2. HER (genitive, = of her) -rya (possessive
suffix,
e.g. aratarya "her sublimity" [WJ:369], máryat
"her hands" [Nam].) This ending covers the entire 3. pers sg
and also means
"his" and *"its".) -WJ:369
HERO callo (noble man). LT1:268 also has mordo
"warrior, hero", but in mature Quenya mordo means
"obscurity,
shadow, stain". -KAL
HEW *pelehta- (corrected from the actual
reading
pelekta-, since Tolkien later decided that kt became
ht in
Quenya) -LT2:346
HIDE #nurta- (verbal stem isolated from the verbal noun
nurtalë "hiding" in Silm:120), #lom- (LT1:255
gives
lomir "I hide"; this would become *lomin in
mature Quenya),
moru- -LT1:261
HIDING nurtalë -Silm:120
HIDDEN muina (secret), halda (veiled,
shadowed,
shady), foina, furin/hurin (concealed);
DARK OR
HIDDEN tumna (low-lying, low, profound, deep) -MUY,
SKAL, LT2:340,
LT1:271
HIDEOUS CREATURE ulundo (deformed creature,
monster)
-ÚLUG
HIGH tára (lofty, tall), oro- (in
compounds:
oromardi "high-halls"). The element #Ar- in
Arfanyarassë (a name of Taniquetil) is said to mean
"high (i.e.,
noble, revered)". Cf. also tar- in tarquesta
"high speech".
-WJ:417, Nam/RGEO:66, WJ:416, TÂ
HIGH ELVES Tarquendi; HIGH-ELVES Tareldar
-TA,
MC:349
HIGH ONES Aratar (sg #Arata, cf.
PM:363). The Aratar
are the mightiest of the Valar: Manwë, Varda, Ulmo, Yavanna,
Aulë,
Mandos, Nienna, and Oromë. Aratar is also rendered "The
Supreme,
Exalted Ones". -Silm 32/381, WJ:402
HIGH SPEECH (= Quenya) Tarquesta -TÂ
HILL #ambo (only allative pl. ambonnar is
attested);
tundo (mound), oro; ISOLATED ROUND
HILL tolmen
(boss of shield) -HILL-SIDE amban (upward
slope) (probably
obsoleting amun(d) in LT2:335) -MC:222,
LT1:269, TUN, LT1:256,
AM
HIM - probably the ending -s (also covering
"it, *her".
Utúvienyes [LotR:1008] is translated "I have found it",
but it
could probably mean "I have found him/her" as well.) Case
endings may be
attached to so, e.g. dative *son "for him"
HINDMOST tella (last); THE HINDMOST Teleri
(the
Last-comers) -TELES, Silm:421
HIS -rya (possessive suffix, e.g. coarya
his house.
This ending covers the entire 3. pers sg and also means "her"
and *"its".)
-WJ:369
HISTORY nyárë (tale, saga), quenta,
quentalë (account), lúmequentalë,
lúmequenta (chronological account); HISTORICAL
lúmequentalëa -NAR2 , KWET, LU
HIVE nierwes -LT1:262
HOARD foa (treasure) -LT2:340
HOLE latta (pit - Note: a homonym means
"strap"),
assa (perforation, opening, mouth) -DAT, GAS
HOLLOW (noun) unquë, HOLLOW (adj) unqua,
ronta, rotwa; HOLLOW OUT unca--UNUK,
LotR:1157, LT2:347
HOLLOWBOLD Návarot (Nogrod, Novrod)
-WJ:389
HOLLY ercassë (probably obsoleting piosenna
in LT2:347) -ERÉK
HOLY aina, airë; HOLY ONE ainu
(m.),
aini (f.) (angelic spirit, god); HOLY PLACE yána
(fane, sanctuary) -AYAN/WJ:399, Nam, YAN
HOLYDAY meryalë -MBER
HOME már (also used of the "home" or native
land of
peoples). Short form mar as the final element
of compounds:
Eldamar "Elvenhome"; the vowel is also short in Mar-nu-falmar,
"the Land [lit. Home] under the Waves". -Silm:408, 428
HOMESTEAD osta -LT2:336
HONEY lis (liss-) (LT1:262 gives nektë,
read *nehtë in mature Quenya.) HONEY-BEE nier,
nion
-LIS, LT1:262/GL:60
HOOD telmë (covering) -TEL
HOOK ampa, atsa (claw, catch); HOOKED
rempa
(crooked) -LotR:1157, GAT, REP
HOPE (noun) estel -WJ:318 (where it
is stated that
this word was used in Quenya as well as in Sindarin. Here the
word is defined
as "'hope', sc. a temper of mind, steady, fixed in purpose, and
difficult to
dissuade and unlikely to fall into despair or abandon its
purpose". In MR:320,
estel is translated "trust".)
HORDE horma (host) -LT2:341
HORN rassë ("especially on living animal,
but also
applied to mountains". Cf. Rasmund "horned bull" in
Letters:423 [this
may not be pure Quenya] and Arfanyaras, Arfanyarassë
"high
white-shining peak [*horn]", alternative name of Taniquetil),
romba
(so in Etym and one place in WJ [p. 400: romba =
"horn, trumpet"]
but on p. 368 róma is used for "horn",
though this
is glossed "trumpet-sound" in Etym), HORN OF ULMO hyalma
(shell,
conch), tildë (point), (horn of animal:) tarca
(probably obsoleting taru in LT2); HORNED tarucca
(perhaps obsoleted together with taru), THE
HORNED Tilion
(a name of the Moon) -RAS, WJ:403/416, ROM/WJ:401
contrast 368,
SYAL, TIL, TARÁK, LT2:337,347, Silm:438
HORROR - rucin is glossed "I feel fear or
horror" (1. pers.
aorist), constructed with "from" of the object feared (e.g. *rucin
Orcollon
"I fear Orcs") -WJ:415
HORSE rocco (defined as "swift horse for
riding" in
Letters:382), mairo; HORSEMAN roquen (rider,
knight)
-ROK/Letters:282, 382, GL:56, WJ:372/UT:282
HOST rimbë (crowd), horma (horde)
-RIM/Letters:178, 382, LT2:341
HOSTILE cotya -KOT
HOT saiwa; BLAZING HOT úrin (Úrin
is also a name of the Sun) -LT1:248/265,
LT1:271
HOUND huan (hún-); HOUND OF CHASE ronyo
-KHUG (see KHUGAN), ROY
HOUR lúmë (so translated in LotR; in Etym
the
gloss is simply "time". Allative lúmenna is attested.
Note:
lúmë also means "darkness".) -LU, LotR:94, WJ:367
HOUSE coa (prob. the most neutral
word),
opelë (walled house), car (card-)
(building),
nossë (clan, family, kin, people) (LT2:336 gives indo
"house" and os(t) "house and cottage"; these words
are probably
obsolete - in mature Quenya indo means "heart", while osto
means
"city". Also indor "master of house" must be obsolete.)
LIGHT OF THE
HOUSE coacalina (a metaphor for the soul [fëa]
dwelling
inside the body [hroa]) -WJ:369/MR:250, PEL(ES), KAR,
NÔ/LT1:250,
343, MR:250
HOW manen -PM:395
HUMAN firya (lit. *"mortal"; nominal pl. Firyar
is
attested) -PHIR, WJ:219
HUMBLED nucumna -SD:246
HUMP tumpo; HUMPBACK cauco, HUMPED cauca
(bent,
crooked) -TUMPU, LT1:257
HUNT (noun), HUNTING raimë (No verb
"to hunt" is
given in Etym, but roita- "pursue" is
derived from the
same stem and can probably be translated *"hunt" as well.
LT1:260 has rauta-
"hunt".) -ROY1
HUSBAND verno; HUSBAND AND WIFE veru (married
pair)
-BES
HUSH quildë (rest, quiet) -GL:23
top
I (1. pers. sg) inyë (independent
pronoun,
used for emphasis: *"even I"), -n or -nyë
(endings used on verbs, e.g. ávan, ványë
"I [-n/-nyë] will not", maruvan "I [-n]
will abide"). The long form -nye must be used
if another
pronominal ending is to be added after it: utúvienyes,
"I
[-nye-] have found it [-s]". In the "Arctic"
sentence, ni
is translated "I"; this may be a shorter (non-emphatic?)
form of
inyë. The dative pronoun nin "for me" is
transparently ni
+ the dative ending -n; other case endings may also
be added to
ni. -LR:61, WJ:371, LotR:1008/1003, Arct
ICE helcë; ICE-COLD helca (so
in
LT1:254 and Silm; Etym has helc, evidently a misprint -
it would be the
only Quenya word ending in -lc in the entire corpus.)
-LT1:254/Silm:433/KHEL
IDEA intya (guess, supposition), *selma (þ)
("a fixed idea, will". In WJ:319, the word is given as Selma,
but
S (th) would become s in Noldorin
Quenya. Cf.
Sindë, sindë in WJ:384; see GREY) -INK,
WJ:319
IDOL cordon -LT1:257
IDRIL Itaril, Itarillë, Itarildë
(obsoleting Irildë in LT2:343)
-PM:346/Silm:436
IF ANYBODY aiquen (whoever) -WJ:372
ILL laiwa (sick, sickly) -SLIW
ILL-SHAPEN nauca (hard, twisted, *small -
see SMALL.)
-WJ:413
ILLUMINATE calya- -KAL
IMAGINATION nausë (þ) -NOWO
IMMORTAL ilfirin -PHIR
IMMOVEABLE
tulca (firm, strong, steadfast; Note:
there is a homonym meaning "fix, set up, establish") -TULUK
cf.
LT1:270
IMPLEMENT (prob. noun) yaima -GL:37
IMPOSSIBLE TO RECOUNT únyárima ("sc.
because
all the facts are not known, or the tale is too long"), IMPOSSIBLE
TO
SAY/PUT INTO WORDS úquétima (unpronounceable,
unspeakable) -WJ:370
IMPULSE hórë; IMPULSION hórëa
-KHOR
IN mi (within), IN THE mí (for *mi
i?)
(The version of Nam in LotR has mi where the version in
RGEO:66 has the
more correct form mí.) -MI, Nam, RGEO:66
IN A VERY GREAT NUMBER úvëa (abundant) -UB
INCARNATE (noun) #mirroanwë (only
pl.
mirroanwi "incarnates" is attested)
-MR:350
INCITEMENT siulë -SIW
INCLINE (noun) talta -TALÁT
INCLINED penda (sloping down) -PEN
INDICATE tana- (show) (Note: tana also means
"that".
INDICATION tengwë (sign, token, writing - pl tengwi
is attested) -MR:385, WJ:394, 395 cf. TEK
INLANDS Mittalmar (the central region of
Númenor)
-UT:165, 454
INNER MIND órë (heart) (Note: a homonym
means
"rising") -LotR:1157
INSIDE, TO THE mir, minna (into) -MI
INSIGHT tercen; OF INSIGHT, lit *INSIGHTFUL #tercenya
(only pl tercenyë is attested) -MR:230
INTELLECT handelë; INTELLIGENCE handassë;
INTELLIGENT
handa (understanding) -KHAN
INTERIOR (adj) mitya -MI
INVENT auta- (devise, originate) (Note: a
homonym means
"pass"); INVENTION aulë -GAWA
INZILADÛN Palantir -UT:223, Silm:324
IRELAND Íverind- (As indicated by the
hyphen, some
ending is needed - a Quenya word cannot end in nd. The
normal nominative
form must be *Íverin, becoming Íverind(e)- before
an
ending, e.g. genitive *Íverindo, locative
*Íverindessë [cf. Lórien, locative
Lóriendessë]. The name is also given as Íwerin
or Iverindor, "an island off the west coast of Tol
Eressëa" -
Eressëa later becoming England in this early version of
Tolkien's
mythology.) -LT2:344, cf 285
IRON anga, IRON or STEEL erë, eren;
OF IRON angaina; IRON-HANDED Angamaitë; IRON-GAOL
Angamando (Angband) -ANGÂ/LotR:1157, LT1:252,
LT1:249,
268, Letters:425 cf. LotR:1085, MR:350
ÍRITH Irissë -PM:345
IS see BE
ISLAND, ISLE lóna, tol (pl tollë
according to Etym, tolli in LT1:85. According to
Silm:438, tol
is used of islands "rising with sheer sides from the sea or
from a river".
LT1:269 defines a tol as "any rise standing alone in
water, plain of
green, etc.") THE LONELY ISLE Tol Eressëa (tol
"isle"
often being omitted) -LONO, TOL, RGEO:70
ISOLATED ROUND HILL tolmen (boss of shield) -LT1:269
ISOLATED TOWER mindo -MINI
ISOLATED TREE ornë -ÓR-NI- (see ORO)
ISSUE uswë (escape) -LT1:251
ISSUE OF WATER ehtelë (fountain, spring) -KEL
ISTHMUS yanwë (bridge, joining) -YAT
IT ta (that), -s (pronom
inal ending, e.g.
utúvienyes, "I have found [utúvienye-] it
[-s]") It is uncertain what the independent word
"it, even it"
might be; see HE. *ITS -rya (possessive suffix,
only attested
with the meanings "his" and "her" [q.v.], but related forms
suggest that this
ending covers the entire 3. pers. sg.) -TA, LotR:1008, WJ:369
top
JACKET vacco (cloak) -GL:21
JAIL see GAOL
JANUARY Narvinyë (In LT1:252, the word for January
is
avestalis, and the latter part of the month is called Erintion,
but these words are hardly valid in mature Quenya.) -LotR:1144
JAW anca (translated "jaws" in the appendices to
LotR and Silm,
but anca is sg and is glossed "jaw" in Etym. GL:37 has
cá
[spelt "kâ"]) -LotR:1157, Silm:427, ÁNAK
JERK (vb) rihta- (give quick twist or
move)
-RIK(H)
JEWEL mírë (pl. míri is
attested); SHINING JEWEL miril (treasure, precious
thing) WITH
ADORNMENT OF RED JEWELS carnimírië (a pl form? Sg
*carnimírëa? Letters:224 has carne- instead of
carni-.) JEWEL OF YAVANNA yavannamírë (a
flagrant evergreen tree with scarlet fruit, brought to Númenor
by the
Eldar) -MIR/Silm:434, Nam, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224, UT:472
JOINING (noun) yanwë (isthmus, bridge)
-YAT
JOY alassë (merriment) -GALÁS
JUDGE Námo (Ordainer - the name of a Vala.
In
MR:150, though, Námo is glossed JUDGEMENT [of what
is]).
Note: a homonym námo means "person". -Silm:411
JUICE sáva, pirya (syrup) -SAB, PIS
JULY Cermië -LotR:1144
JUNE Nárië -LotR:1144
JUPITER Alcarinquë (Basic Quenya:24, cf.
Silm:55.
According to LT1:260, Morwen (there translated
"daughter of the dark")
is a name of Jupiter, but this may not be a valid word in mature
Quenya.
LT1:265 also mentions Silindo as a name of this planet.
JUST faila (fair-minded, generous) -PM:352
top
KEEN laicë (sharp, acute, *piercing);
KEENNESS
(of perception) laicë (acuteness) -LAIK
KEEPING (safe) mando (custody) -MR:350
KHAZAD-DÛM Casarrondo (Dwarrowvault) -WJ:389
KIN nossë (house
, people) -LT1:250, 272/LT2:338
KIND nostalë (species) -LT1:272
KINDLE tinta- (cause to sparkle), turu-,
tunda-
(Note: there is a homonym meaning "tall") -Silm:438, LT1:270
KING aran (pl arani is attested)
In Etym, the Quenya
word for "king, chieftain" is haran pl. harni,
but evidence from
LotR, WJ and UT shows that Tolkien changed it to aran pl
arani.
Cf. asëa aranion (þ) "kingsfoil", i arani Eldaron
"the Kings of
the Eldar", Arandor "kingsland", aranya *"my
king", arandil
"king's friend, royalist", and arandur "king's
servant,
minister".) LT1:273 has vardar "king", but this is
hardly a
valid word in mature Quenya. KINGLY BULL Aramund (this
may not be
pure Quenya) -3AR, LotR:899, WJ:369, UT:165, 193, 313,
Letters:386, 423
KINGSFISHER halatirno, or halatir (halatirn-)
(lit. "fishwatcher") -SKAL2, TIR
KNIGHT roquen (rider, horseman) -UT:282
cf.
WJ:372
KNOB tolos (lump) -LT1:269
KNOCK (keep on knocking) tamba- -TAM
KNOLL nóla -NDOL
KNOT narda, nútë (bond). Pl.
probably
*núter not *núti; cf. the similar formation
tyávë "taste", pl tyáver. -SNAR,
NU
KNOW ista (pa.t. sintë); KNOW ABOUT hanya-
(understand, be skilled in dealing with), KNOWLEDGE handë
(understanding), ista, istya, issë
(lore),
nólë (long study, lore, wisdom). (In Etym this word is
spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng
had
become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system
of LotR and
transcribe it accordingly. Nólë is so spelt also in
Silm:432. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n
should
be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.)
HAVING KNOWLEDGE istima (wise, learned) -IS/LT2:339;
KHAN,
ÑGOL, Silm:432
K-SERIES calmatéma -LotR:1154
top
LABIALS parmatéma (p-series);
LABIALIZED SERIES
quessetéma -LotR:1154
LABERNUM Lindeloktë (singing cluster). (So
in LT1:258,
but Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in
Quenya. Read
*Lindelohtë?) -LT1:258
LABOUR (vb) móta- (toil) -MÔ
LADY heri -KHER, LT1:272 (GL:45 has
quimellë)
LAKE ailin (pool) (LT2:339 also has ailo);
ringë (cold lake, pool [in mountains]) (Note: ringë
is also an adjective meaning "cold") -AY/LT2:339, RINGI
LAMENT (vb) naina-, nyéna-;
LAMENT (noun)
nainië, nairë -NAY, LT1:262, RGEO:66
LAMP calma (light) -KAL/LotR:1157
LAND nórë (dwelling-place, race, country,
region
where certain people live, nation, native land, family), nór
(meaning '"'land' as opposed to water or sea", WJ:413).
In
compounds #-ndor (when the first part of
the compound end
in a vowel, e.g. Valandor "Vala-land", alternative form
of
Valinor), or -nor, -dor (the
latter can only
occur when the first part of the compound ends in -l, -r,
or
-n; in other combinations d cannot occur in
Noldorin Quenya).
Cf. also lóna (remote land difficult to reach,
island.
Note: a homonym means "dark"); WESTLAND Númenor,
Númenórë (Westernesse); LAND OF GIFT (a
name of Númenor) Andor (< *Annandor,
see
GIFT), LAND OF THE WEST Númendor -NDOR/NÔ/Silm:430/
WJ:413, LONO, Silm:414, 313, 430
LANGUAGE quetil (tongue), lambë (tongue.
The
latter was "the usual word, in non-technical use, for
'language'." (WJ:394)
Only the Loremasters used the technical term tengwesta "system
or code
of signs" instead; this word is also glossed "grammar".)
LANGUAGE
(as an abstract, the ability to speak or the "art" of making
speech)
tengwestië. LANGUAGE OF THE VALAR Lambë Valarinwa
(lit. *"Valarin language"), LANGUAGE OF THE ELDAR Eldarissa
(the latter may not be a valid word in mature Quenya)
-KWET, WJ:394,
397, LT2:339
LARCH finë -SPIN
LARGE alta, alat- (great in size) (Tolkien's
definition
of this word was actually illegible, but see GREAT),
úvëa (very large, abundant, in a very great number),
úra -ÁLAT, UB, UR
LARK lirulin (prob. *lirulind-, cf.
lindo
"singing bird") -MR:238/252, LIN2
LAST tella (hindmost), telda (final),
métima (final, ultimate), telwa (late), LAST YEAR
yenya; LAST DAY OF YEAR quantien, THE LAST-COMERS Teleri
(the Hindmost) -TELES, WJ:411, MC:222 cf. 215, LT1:267,
YEN,
Silm:421
LASTING QUALITY voronwië (endurance)
-BORÓN
LATE telwa (last) -LT1:267
LAUGH lala- (Note: a homonym means "deny".)
-PM:359 cf.
343
LAW sanyë (þ) (rule), axan (rule,
commandment);
LAW-ABIDING sanya (þ) (normal, regular) -STAN,
WJ:399
LAWN palis (sward) -LT1:264
LAY lirilla (song) -LT1:258
LEAD (the metal) canu, LEADEN canuva
-LT1:268
LEAF lassë (pl. lassi is attested);
HAVING
MANY LEAVES lillassëa (pl lillassië is
attested); COLLECTION OF LEAVES olassië (foliage);
PUT FORTH
LEAVES OR FLOWERS *lohta- (corrected from the actual
reading lokta
because Tolkien later decided that kt became ht
in
Quenya) (sprout). LEAF-SHAPED lassecanta; LEAF-FALL
lasselanta
(autumn or the beginning of winter; see also FADING);
LEAF-GREY
lassemista -LAS1, Nam, LT1:254, MC:222, 223,
Letters:282,
LT1:258, KAT, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224
LEAGUE lár (basic meaning "pause" - in
marches a
brief halt was made for each league). A lár was defined
as five
thousand rangar; see YARD. A ranga was
approximately 38 inches,
so a lár was "5277 yards, two feet and four inches [ca.
4826 m],
supposing the equivalence to be exact" - close enough to our
league of 5280
yards to justify this translation. -UT:285
LEANING talta (sloping, tilted) -TALÁT
LEAP halta-; LEAPING haloitë (pl. haloisi
is attested) -LT1:254
LEARNED istima (wise, having knowledge), nóla
(wise). (In Etym, the latter word is spelt with
initial
ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n
in
Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe
it
accordingly. Cf. also the spelling of the related word nólë
in Silm:432. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial
n
should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not
númen.) LEARNED MAN istyar (scholar) -IS,
ÑGOL
LEAVE (vb) auta- (go away, pass), pa.t.
oantë, oantië (in the physical sense "went
away
[to another place]") or vánë ("the most
frequently
used past [tense]" - less "physical" than oantë, meaning
"disappeared" rather than "went away"), perf. avánië
(pl avánier is attested); perf. vánië
with no augment may occur in verse. For "leave", Etym also
has
lesta, pa.t. lendë; this is also the past tense
of "go". The
stem from which lesta- is derived was "replaced" by
another. Lesta
has a wholly different meaning in later writings; see
GIRDLE, MEASURE.
LEAVE OUT hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is given
but seems
perfectly regular) (put aside, exclude, abandon, forsake) -WJ:366,
ELED
LEAVE (noun) - with leave of: lenémë (+
genitive)
LEFT hyarya; LEFT-HANDED hyarmaitë
LEG telco (pl. telqui) (stem)
-TELÉK
LEGENDARIUM OF THE FATHERS OF MEN Atanatárion (lit.
simply
"of the Fathers of Men") -MR:373
LEGOLAS Laiqualassë -LT1:267
LEMBAS coimas (life-bread) (prob. coimast-,
cf.
masta "bread") (life-bread) -Silm:406/429
LENGTHENED taina (extended); LENGTHENING tailë
(extension) -TAY
-LESS -viltë, -valta (evidently a
suffix used to
derive adjectives like "homeless" = *marviltë?) -GL:23
LESSEN píca (part. #pícala is
attested)
(dwindle) -MC:223, 222
LETTER tengwa (pl. tengwar is
attested; this word was
used primarily of the Fëanorian letters. However, the term
"Tengwar of
Rúmil" occurring in LotR:1151 seems to indicate that the word tengwa
can indeed be used of a letter of any kind, not only the
Fëanorian
letters. In non-technical use tengwa may also be
translated "consonant"
[q.v.]. It is uncertain whether tengwa "letter" can be
used in the sense
mail, text sent in the post; the primary meaning is clearly
"character,
a single symbol in writing".) sarat (pl. sarati
is
attested) - an older [MET] word Tolkien notes was used of "a
'letter' or any
individual significant mark", used of the Rúmilian letters after
the
invention of the Fëanorian Tengwar (but cf. the term "Tengwar of
Rúmil" mentioned above). -TEK, WJ:396, LotR:1151
LICK salpa- (sup, sip), lavin ("I
lick", 1.
pers. aorist; past tense #lávë is attested in the word
undulávë "downlicked" in Nam); LICK (frequentatively)
lapsa- -SÁLAP cf. LT1:266, DAB/Nam
LIE (noun, = untruth) furu -GL:36
LIE (vb, not "tell a lie" but "lie [horisontally]") caita-;
LIE
HEAVY lumna- (Note: this is also an adjective meaning
"lying heavy")
-Nam/RGEO:67, DUB
LIFE cuilë (being alive; obsoleting coi,
coirë in LT1:257; the latter means "stirring, spring" in
mature
Quenya); NEW LIFE laito, laisi (vigour,
youth), LIFE-BREAD
coimas (prob. coimast[a]-, cf. masta
"bread") (lembas) -KUY, LT1:267, Silm:406/429
LIFT UP orta- (raise, rise; pa.t. ortanë
is
attested) -Nam/ORO/RGEO:67
LIGHT cálë, cala; A LIGHT calina
(which is basically the adjective "light", but it
is used
substantively in coacalina; see LIGHT OF THE HOUSE under
HOUSE),
calma (lamp), LIGHT (adj) calina; RAY OF
LIGHT
alca; GLITTERING LIGHT rilma; STARLIGHT or LIGHT
OF
SILPION (Telperion) silmë (+silver), MOONLIGHT isilmë;
EMIT LIGHT faina-; LIGHT-ELVES, ELVES OF THE LIGHT Calaquendi;
LIGHT-CLEFT Calacirya (gen. Calaciryo is
attested) -KAL,
MR:250, AKLA-R, RIL, SIL/LotR:1157, MC:223, PHAY,
WJ:361/Silm:61,
RGEO:70/Nam
LIKE (prep) ve (as) -Nam/RGEO:66,
67
LILY indil ("or other large single flower"),
nénu (= yellow water lily) -WJ:399, LT1:248
LINE OF SURF falassë (beach, shore) -Silm:431
LINDI Lindi (What the Nandorin Elves called
themselves; the
word could be adopted unchanged into Exilic Quenya. Sg #Lindë?)
-WJ:385
LINDIL Sindarin form of LINDI, q.v. -WJ:385
LINDON Lindon, Lindónë -WJ:385
LINE tië (path, direction, course, way, road), tëa
(straight line, road), téma (row, series) (pl.
témar is attested in LotR:1153) -TE3/RGEO:67,
TEÑ
LIP cíla (The normal plural would be a dual
form:
*cílat.) -GL:24
LION rá (pl rávi) (so in Etym;
LT1:260
has rau, but pl rávi is the same.) SHE-LION
ravennë -RAW, LT1:260
LIQUID (adj) sírima (flowing) -LT1:265
LISTEN lár-, lasta-; LISTENING
(adj) lasta (hearing) -LAS2
LITTLE titta (tiny). LITTLE ELF Teler,
Telellë (adj. telerëa, telella) -TIT,
LT1:267
LO! ela (look! see!) (directing sight to
an actually visible
object) -WJ:362 cf. 360
LOAF cornë -LT1:257
LOATH yelta-; LOATHING yelma; LOATHSOME
yelwa
-DYEL
LOCK OF HAIR findë (tress), fassë (shaggy
lock,
tangled hair) -SPIN
LOFTY tára (tall, high) (According to
Letters:282,
Varda means "Lofty" [WJ:402 has "the Sublime"], but this
word should
probably not be used as a common adjective.) LOFTY TOWER see
TOWER.
-TÂ/Silm:437/LT1:264
LOGDRAWING turuhalmë -LT1:270
LONELY eressëa; LONELY ISLE Tol Eressëa
(tol "isle" often being omitted) -ERE,
RGEO:70
LONG (adj) anda, sóra (trailing);
LONG AND
THIN lenwa (straight, narrow); LONG (adverb, of
time:)
andavë; LONG YEAR (144 solar years, an
Elvish
"century") yén (pl. yéni is attested)
LONG-MARK andatehta -ÁNAD, LT2:344, 341, LotR:989,
Nam/LotR:1141/YEN, TEK
LONG FOR milya-; GREAT LONGING mavoinë
-MIL-IK, LT2:345
LONG-LASTING voronwa (enduring) -BORÓN
LOOK AT yéta-; LOOK! (interj) en (there,
look!
yonder) LOOK! ela (lo! see!) (directing
sight to an actually
visible object) -LT1:262, EN, WJ:362 cf. 360
LOOM (noun) lanwa, windelë -LAN,
LT1:254
LOOSE leuca-, lehta- (slacken) (Note:
leuca is
also a noun meaning "snake". Anyway, leuca- in
Etym is likely a
misreading for *lenca-. The certain form lehta-
is to be
preferred.) -LEK
LORD heru, hér, as final part of
compounds:
#her, e.g. Ostoher *"City-Lord".
LORDSHIP
hérë; LORD OF TREES Aldaron (a name of
Oromë) -LT1:272, Silm:432, Letters:282, LotR:1122, Silm:32, 378
LORE nólë (long study, wisdom, knowledge),
+ingolë (deep lore, magic [in WJ:382, the gloss is
simply
"lore", and the word is not stated to be poetic]), issë;
SECRET
LORE nolwë (wisdom). (These forms obsolete
nólemë in LT1:263. In some sources, nólë
and nolwë are spelt with initial ñ, that is,
ng. Initial ng had become n in Third
Age Quenya, and I
follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Cf.
also the spelling
of the related word nólë in Silm:432. But if these words
are
written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed
with the letter
noldo, not númen.) LOREMASTER ingolmo (In
Lambengolmor "Loremasters of Tongues" the initial i
of ingolmo
[pl ingolmor] has disappeared; perhaps #ngolmo
is the
form used in compounds when the first part of the compound ends
in a vowel.)
-ÑGOL, LT2:339, WJ:382, WJ:383/396
LOST vanwa (gone, departed, vanished, past and
over, no longer
to be had, dead); ONE LOST OR FORSAKEN BY FRIENDS hecil
(gender-spesific forms are hecilo m. and hecilë f.)
(waif, outcast, outlaw) -WAN, Nam, WJ:366, 365
LOT marto (fortune, fate) -LT2:348
LOUD SOUND róma (trumpet-sound) (Note: róma
also means "shoulder".) MUSICAL SOUND lin (lind-)
(melody) -ROM, LotR:488 cf. Letters:308
LOVE (vb, love as friend) mel-; LOVE (noun)
melmë (LT1:262 has meles, melessë);
LOVELY melwa, LOVING nilda (friendly); BELOVED melda
(dear), LOVER meldo (pl meldor is
attested),
melindo (m.), melissë (f.);
LOVEABLE melima
(fair), írima (desireable) -MEL, LT1:262, WJ:412,
NIL, ID
LOW, LOWLYING tumna (deep, profound, dark or
hidden); LOWER AIR
vilma (earlier [MET] wilma), Aiwenor (lit.
"Birdland")
-TUB cf. LT1:271, WIL, AIWÊ
LOWER (vb) luvu- (brood);
DARK LOWERING CLOUD
lumbo (pl. lumbor is attested). -LT1:259
LUCK valto (LT2:348 gives mart "a
piece of luck", but
word-final rt does not occur in mature Quenya. Read *martë
or something similar?) -LT1:272, LT2:348
LUMP tolos (knob) -LT1:269
LUST mailë; LUSTFUL mailëa -MIL-IK
LYING HEAVY lumna (heavy, burdensome,
oppressive,
ominous) (Note: lumna is also a verb meaning "lie
heavy"); LYING
IN BED caila (sickness) -DUB, KAY
LYRE salma -LT1:265
top
MAEDHROS Nelyafinwë (meaning
"Finwë
third", not equivalent in sense to Sindarin Maedhros.
The short form of
the name was Nelyo. His mother-name [q.v.],
"recorded....though never
used in narrative", was Maitimo "well-shaped one". He
also had a
nickname Russandol "copper-top") -PM:352, 353
MAGIC +ingolë (deep lore). In LT1:269, curu is
glossed
"magic, wizardry", but in Etym the gloss is simply "skill". MAGIC
(adj.)
sairina -ÑGOL, GL:72
MAGLOR Canafinwë, short form Cáno
(not equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name, which
is the cognate
of his "mother-name" Macalaurë, "recorded...though never
used in
narrative"). -PM:352, 353
MAID, MAIDEN wendë, vendë (the
latter
is probably the later [MET] form), also short form wen pl.
wendi (girl). In compounds -wen, e.g. Nerwen
"Man-maiden" (prob. *-wend-) MAIDENHOOD wendelë
-WEN, LT1:271/273/Silm:439
MAKE carin ("I make, build", 1. pers.
aorist. The same verb
is translated "form" in WJ:391: i carir quettar, "those
who form words".
According to Etym the past tense is carnë, but both FS
and SD:246
have cárë. Past participle #carna *"made" is
attested
in Vincarna *"newly-made" in MR:305.) MAKING carmë
(glossed "art" in UT:396 and is also translated
"production", but cf.
the following:) NAME-MAKING Essecarmë (an
Eldarin seremony
in which the father of a child announces its name.) -KAR,
WJ:391, MR:214
MALE (noun) hanu (male of Men/Elves
or animals);
MALE (adj) hanwa -3AN, INI
MAN nér (ner-) (#ner as
the
final element in compounds, as in vëaner and úner,
see below), vëo (-wë as
final
element in compounds); (ADULT) MAN vëaner; MANLY vëa
(adult, vigorous); MANHOOD vië (vigour);
MAN-SPEARHEAD (a
wedge-formation of soldiers) nernehta, NOMAN úner
(All these words can apparently be used of adult males of
any sentient
race. For "Men" in the sence "humans", see MORTALS, FOLLOWERS.)
-DER, WEG,
UT:282, UT:211
MANY limbë, lin- (prefix: by
assimilation it
becomes lil- before l, as in lillassëa "having
many
leaves"; before m, r, s it would
similarly become
*lim-, *lir-, *lis-). -LT2:342, LI, Plotz
letter
MAR #hasta- (verb stem isolated from the
past participle
hastaina, see below); MARRED hastaina (Arda
Marred = Arda
Hastaina); UNMARRED alahasta -MR:255, 254
MARBLE alast- (sic - some ending is
obviously required, e.g.
*alasta) -GL:39
MARCH Súlimë -LotR:1144/Silm:437 (not
capitalized in the latter source)
MARINER ciryamo, (professional mariner:)
ëarendur, Eärendilyon ("son of Eärendil
[used of any mariner]", prob. *Eärendilyond-) -UT:8,
Letters:386,
LT1:250
MARK (in writing) tehta- (sign,
diacritic) (In
LotR:1155, this word is applied to the supralinear vowel-signs
of
Fëanorian writing, and pl tehtar is attested.) sarat
(pl. sarati is attested), originally [MET] a word
used of "a
'letter' or any individual significant mark", but after the
invention of the
Tengwar primarily used of the earlier Rúmilian letters. TINY
MARK
tixë (dot, point) -TEK, TIK, WJ:396
MARS Carnil -Basic Quenya:24, cf.
Silm:55
MAST ferna (beechnuts), tyulma -PHER,
TYUL/SD:419
MASTER (noun) heru (lor
d), #tur (cf.
Fëanturi "Masters of Spirits", a name of the Valar
Mandos and
Irmo). MASTER OF DOOM Turambar, MASTER OF
DESIRE Irmo
(lit. "Desirer", the name of a Vala); MASTERY túrë
(victory); MASTERED #turúna (only the form
turún', with the final *-a elided, is attested.
Silm:269
has turun instead of turún' - the accent and he
elision
mark seem to have been omitted.) -KHER, TUR/UT:438,
Silm:261/269/423, 405,
UT:138
MATRIMONY vesta -BES
MATTER (basic matter:) erma; PHYSICAL
MATTER
orma, hroa (the latter is also used = "body")
-MR:338, 218,
216
MAVWIN Mavoinë -LT2:345
MAY Lótessë (In LT1:252/254, the word for
May is
Kalainis, but this is hardly a valid word in mature
Quenya.)
-LotR:1144
ME The ending -n, attested only as subject,
may be employed:
*Utúvielyen, "thou (-lye-) hast found me (-n)".
It
has been theorized that ni is the independent word for
"me", but
actually it seems to be a non-emphatic word for "I" (so in Arct;
contrast the
emphatic inyë; see "I"). Tye "thee" may point to
something
like *nye as the independent word for "me", but such
extrapolations are
uncertain. Case endings may be added to ni, e.g. dative
nin "for
me" (Nam).
MEADOW - LT1:267 (GL:39) has lairë,
but this has
already two different meanings in mature Quenya ("summer" and
"poem"), so it is
somewhat doubtful whether this word from Tolkien's earliest
linguistic
constructions is valid in later Quenya.
MEAL porë (flour) -POR
MEAN faica (contemptible) -SPAY
MEASURE #lesta (only attested in
instrumental form
lestanen "in measure". Note: #lesta also means
"girdle".)
-FS
MEAT apsa (cooked food) -AP
MEED míruvórë (nectar, drink of the Valar)
-NAM, RGEO:66, 69, LT1:261
MEETING (junction of the direction of two persons
or groups:)
omentië, (of three or more coming from
different
directions:) yomenië -WJ:367, 407, LotR:94
MELIAN Melyanna ("dear gift", evidently melya
+
anna) -Silm:434
MELODY lin (lind-) (musical sound),
MELODIOUS
lindelëa -LT1:258, cf. LotR:488 and Letters:308
MEN see MAN or MORTALS, FOLLOWERS
MERCURY (the planet, not the metal) Elemmírë
-Basic Quenya:24
MERCHILD oar (child of the sea), MERMAID oaris
(oarits-), oarwen (prob. *oarwend-) (so
in LT1:263 -
read ëaris, ëarwen in mature Quenya?)
MERRIMENT alassë (joy) -GALÁS
MESH rembë -LotR:1149
METAL tinco, rauta -TINKÔ/LotR:1157,
RAUTÂ
MEWING miulë (whining)
MICKLEBURG Túrosto (Belegost) -WJ:389
MIDDLE (noun) endë (core, centre); MIDDLE (prob.
adj)
enya, endya (In Noldorin Quenya, enya would
be the
natural form - endya looks like Vanyarin Quenya. Cf.
the name of the
language itself in the two dialects, Quenya vs. Quendya.)
MIDDLE-DAY #enderë (only pl enderi is
attested;
for sg #enderë cf. yestarë,
mettarë, the first and the last day of the year. The
"middle-days"
were three days inserted between the months of yávië and
quellë in the Calendar of Imladris.) -ÉNED, cf. WJ:361,
LotR:1142
MIDDLE-EARTH Endórë, Endor (defined
as
"centre of the world" under ÉNED; allative form Endorenna is
attested
in LotR. Other names are also glossed "Middle-earth":
Ambarenya, Endamar; see also EAST) -LotR:1003,
ÉNED,
MBAR
MIGHTY taura, poldórëa (a title of
Tulkas); MIGHTY-RISING Melkórë (>
Melkor) (uprising of Power), THE MIGHTY Melko (an
alternative
form of Melkor, derived from an unattested adjective *melka,
*melca "mighty", with connotations of violence.) -TUR,
LT1:264/GL:64,
MR:350
MILCH COW yaxë. (An alternative form yaxi,
glossed "cow", looks like a plural in mature Quenya.) -GL:36
MIND indo (heart, mood), (inner mind:)
órë (heart) (Note: a homonym means "rising");
MIND-MOOD inwisti -MR:216, LotR:1157, MR:229
MINISTER arandur (king's servant, steward) -Letters:386,
UT:313
MISERY angayassë -LT1:249
MIST hísië (þ), hísë
(þ) (fog. Note: a homonym means "dusk". For "mist"
use
hísië, the form occurring in LotR.) -Nam/RGEO:67,
KHIS
MOAT see WALL AND MOAT
MOCKING yaiwë (scorn) -YAY
MOIST nítë (dewy) -NEI
MOLE noldarë, nolpa -GL:30
M
ONSTER ulundo, úvanimo (creature of Melkor.
In LT1:236, Úvanimor are said to be "monsters, giants,
and
ogres". See also ORC.) -ÚLUG, BAN/LT1:272
MONTH #asta (only pl astar is
attested)
-LotR:1142
MOOD indo (heart, mind) -ID
MOON Isil (-S-), Rána (so in
Silm and
UT; Etym has Rana with a short a), CRESCENT
MOON cú
(bow), MOONLIGHT isilmë -I/THIL/LotR:1148,
Silm:436/UT:242,
RAN, LT1:271, MC:222, 223
MORE yonta (In GL:37, this word is followed
by a hyphen:
yonta-. Does this indicate that it can be used as a
comparative prefix?
E.g. yonta "fair", *yontavanya "fairer"???)
MORGOTH Moringotto (the oldest [MET] form
was
Moriñgotho, but it should not be used by writers writing
in Third
Age Quenya) (Black Foe) -MR:194
MORN (early) artuilë, tuilë (the
latter
is also used in the sense "springtime") -TUY
MORNING (noun) arin (LT1:254 gives cálë,
but this word means "light" in later writings), MORNING (used
as adj?)
arinya (early) -AR1
MORTAL fírima (pl. Fírimar
is attested, lit. "those apt to die", WJ:387), Firya
(pl.
Firyar is attested); MORTAL MAN firë (pl
firi
is given but seems perfectly regular) -PHIR, WJ:387
MOTHER amil, ammë, (hypocoristic, =
*"mom":)
nana. MOTHER-NAME (OF INSIGHT) #amilessë
(tercenya) (i.e., names given by Elvish mothers to
their
children, indicating some dominant feature of the nature of the
child as
perceived by its mother. Only pl amilessi tercenyë is
attested.) -AM1, NAN, MR:217
MOUND coron, hahta (pile), cumbë
(heap), tundo (hill) -Sil:429, KHAG, KUB, TUN
MOUNTAIN oron (pl oronti) (also
used = "mount",
e.g. Oron Oiolossë "Mount Everwhite"), MOUNTAIN-PEAK
aicassë; MOUNTAIN-TOP orto; MOUNTAIN PASS falqua
(cleft, ravine), MOUNTAIN-DWELLING (adj) orofarnë
(pl? Sg *orofarna?) -ÓROT/WJ:403, AYAK, LT2:341,
LotR:505
cf. Letters:224
MOUTH anto, pé, assa (hole,
opening,
perforation), MOUTH OF RIVER etsir -LotR:1157, PEG,
GAS, ET
MOVE (intr., of large and heavy things:) rúma-
(part. rúmala is attested) (shift, heave) -MC:223,
222
MURK hui (fog, dark, night), MURKY huiva
-LT1:253
MURMUR nurru- (grumble) -MC:223
MUSCLE tuo (sinew, strength) -TUG
MUSIC #lindalë (isolated from Ainulindalë
"The Music of the Ainur"; Etym and LT1:258 has lindelë;
the
latter is also glossed "song".) -Silm:378, LIN
MY -nya (possessive suffix, e.g. *aldanya
"my tree".
An i seems to be inserted between the ending and the
noun when the
latter ends in a consonant: atarinya "my father"
(LR:61). If the last
consonant(s) of the noun is/are n or the cluster nd,
a contracted
form may be used in vocatives: hinya "my child" (for
hínanya, WJ:403), yonya "my son" (for *yondonya,
LR:61).
top
NAIL (prob. noun) taxë -TAK
NAKED helda -SKEL
NAME (noun) essë (pl. essi is
attested.
Note: the word essë was also used in the sense "person
as a whole",
body and soul.) AFTER-NAME epessë (i.e., "a
nickname -
mostly given as a title of admiration or honour");
MOTHER-NAME (OF INSIGHT)
#amilessë (tercenya) (i.e. names given by
Elvish mothers
to their children, indicating some dominant feature of the
nature of the child
as perceived by its mother. Only pl amilessi tercenyë is
attested.)
NAME OF INSIGHT #essë tercenya (i.e., the same as
"mother-name"; only pl essi tercenyë is attested); GIVEN
(OR
ADDED) NAME anessë (pl anessi is attested.
This word
encompasses both "after-names" and "mother-names".) NAME-MAKING
Essecarmë (an Eldarin seremony in which the father of a
child
announces its name), NAME-CHOOSING Essecilmë (an
Eldarin
seremony in which a person chooses a name according to his or
her personal
lámatyávë or sound-taste); SELF-NAME
#cilmessë (only pl. cilmessi is attested,
said to
mean more literally "names of personal choice": #cilmë
"choice" + essi "names". PM:339 explains
that "some among the
exiles gave themselves names, as disguises or in reference to
their own deeds
and personal history: such names were called kilmessi 'self-names'.")
-ES/LotR:1157/MR:216,
UT:266, MR:217, 214
NARRATOR quentaro -KWET
NARROW arca, lenwa (long and thin,
straight) NARROW NECK
yatta (isthmus); NARROW PATH axa; NARROW
PROMONTORY nehtë
(spear-head, gore, wedge) -AK, LT2:341, YAK, UT:282
NASAL nengwëa -NEÑ-WI
NATION nórë, -nor (land, country,
dwelling-place, native land, family) -LT1:272
NATIVE LAND nórë, -nor (land, country,
dwelling-place, nation, family) -LT1:272
NAZGÛL Úlairi (Ring-wraiths) (pl; sg
#Úlairë?) -Silm:362, 417
NEAR har, harë -LT1:253
NECK yat (yaht-); NARROW NECK yatta
(isthmus)
-YAK
NECKLACE firinga (carnanet) -LT2:346,
GL:36
NECTAR míruvórë (meed, drink of the Valar)
-Nam, RGEO:66, LT1:260
NEED (prob. noun) maurë -MBAW
NEPTUNE Nénar (or less probably Luinil;
it is
not known for certain which of the two is Neptune and which is
Uranus) -Basic
Quenya:24, Silm:55
NET natsë (web) -NAT
NEW vinya (cf. Vinyamar "New
Dwelling",
Vinyalondë "New Haven"), sinya. NEW LIFE laito,
laisi (vigour, youth) -Silm:425, UT:471, SIN, LT1:267
NEXT ento -Arct
NICKNAME ("mostly given as a title of admiration or
honour")
epessë (after-name) -UT:266
NIGHT lómë, ("Night, night-time, [shades of
night]", in LT1:255 glossed "dusk, gloom, darkness"), Fui,
Hui
("Night" - in LT1:253, hui is glossed "fog, dark,
murk,
night"), ló ("night, a night"), mórë
(blackness, dark - obsoleting mori in LT1:260). In
Valinorean
usage, lómë "has no evil connotations; it is a word of
peace
and beauty and has none of the associations of fear and groping
that, say,
'dark' has to us. For the evil sense I [Tolkien's character
Lowdham] do not
know the [Quenya] word". For "night" in the "evil sense", mórë
seems to be the best candidate. Yet lómë evidently
developed darker connotations among the Exiles, for when crying
auta i
lómë "the night is passing" before the Nirnaeth
Arnoediad, the
Noldor used the word metaphorically to mean the rule of Morgoth.
-DO3, PHUY,
SD:306, Silm:229
NIGHTINGALE lómelindë (pl lómelindi
is attested; Etym also has morilindë), tindómerel
("daughter of twilight", a kenning of or a poetic name for
the
nightingale; the Sindarin equivalent is tinúviel.
Tolkien changed
the meaning of the final element from "daughter" to "child", see
SEL-D-.) -DO3,
Silm:64, MOR, TIN/Silm:422, 438
NINE nertë (obsoleting olma in
LT1:258)
-NÉTER
NO lá (also meaning "not". Lá
is probably used to deny facts, or what
others present as
facts. In some contexts, the interjection vá is to be
preferred.
It is derived from a stem that "expressed refusal to do
what others
might wish or urge, or prohibition of some action by
others.) Cf
also lala, lau, laumë "no, no indeed not,
on the
contrary; also used for asking incredulous questions". Prefixes
"no-, un-":
ú-, il-. SAY NO váquet- (forbid,
refuse)
(1. pers. sg aorist and past váquetin, váquenten
are given), ava- (refuse) (pa.t. avanë is
given;
this verb was "little used in ordinary language"). -LA,
WJ:371 cf. 370,
GÛ, WJ:370, KWET
NO LONGER TO BE HAD vanwa (gone, dead,
departed, lost, past,
vanished) -WJ:366
NOBLE (a noble:) arquen The element
#ar- in
Arfanyarassë (a name of Taniquetil) is said to mean
"high (i.e.,
noble, revered). Arquen is simply #ar "noble" +
quen
"person". NOBLE WOMAN (one of Galadriel's names) Artanis.
-WJ:372, WJ:416, PM:347
NOGROD Návarot (Hollowbold, Novrod) -WJ:389
NOISE ran, roaring noise rávë
(pl.
probably *ráver not *rávi, compare the similar
formation tyávë "taste" pl. tyáver); (noise
of a) storm raumo -LT1:259, MC:223
NOLDORIN Noldorin (= the language of the
Noldor),
Noldorinwa (= general adjective) -WJ:20, LR:201
NOMAN Úner -UT:211
NORMAL sanya (þ) (regular,
law-abiding)
-STAN
NORTH Formen, fortë (right); NORTHERN
formenya; NORTHLANDS (a region in Númenor)
Forostar -PHOR, LotR:1157, UT:165, 439
NOSE nengwë, mundo (snout, cape) (Note:
the
latter word also means "ox") -NEÑ-WI, MBUD
NOT lá; NO INDEED NOT lala; DON'T
áva, avá; DON'T DO IT! áva
carë!; I WILL NOT: vá (exclamation, also
=
Do not!); avan, ván, vanyë "I won't",
avammë, vammë "we won't"; NOT COUNTING hequa
(leaving aside, excluding, except), NOT TO BE SAID, THAT MUST
NOT BE SAID
avaquétima, NOT TO BE TOLD OR RELATED avanyárima
-LA, WJ:371, 364/365, WJ:370
NOVEMBER Hísimë -LotR:1144
NOVROD Návarot (Hollowbold, Nogrod) -WJ:389
NOW sí, sín/sin (the latter
form
is evidently used when the next word has an initial vowel; cf.
the distribution
of "a" and "an" in English.) -SI, cf. LR:47
NUMBER nótë, LARGE NUMBER hosta, IN A
VERY
GREAT NUMBER úvëa; NUMBERLESS
únótimë (uncountable) -NOT, KHOTH, UB, Nam
NUMEROUS rimba (frequent)
NYMPH wingil, wingild- (pl WIngildi is
attested);
falmar, falmarin (falmarind-). (Writers
should use
falmarin rather than falmar, thus avoiding any
possible confusion
with falmar "waves".) -WIG/LT1:273, PHAL
top
O (vocative particle) a -LotR:1017
cf.
Letters:308
OAK norno; HAVING MANY OAK-TREES lindornëa
-DÓRON, LIN
OATH vérë (bond, troth, compact. Pl.
probably
*vérer not *véri; cf. the similar formation
tyávë "taste", pl tyáver), vanda
(pledge, solemn promise) -WED, UT:317
OBLIGED nauta (bound) -NUT
OBSCURE nulla (dark, dusky) OBSCURITY mordo
(shadow,
stain) -NDUL, MOR
OBSERVE - use the word glossed "watch, heed", q.v.
Cf.
LT1:258.
OCCASION lú (a time) -LU
OCEAN The Great Ocean Alatairë, The Outer Ocean
Vai
(=Ekkaia?) -AYAR, LT1:271
OCTOBER Narquelië -LotR:1144/1146
ODOUR holmë -ÑOL
OFF au- (verbal prefix implying motion
"away from the
speaker or the place of his thought", as in auciri- "cut
off, so that a
portion is lost or no longer available"), hó- (verbal
prefix
implying motion away from something, but the point of view is
outside
the thing left: cf. hóciri- "cut off a required
portion, so as to
have it or use it") -WJ:365, 366, 368
OGRE Úvanimo (see MONSTER). CANNIBAL-OGRES Sarquindi
(sg #Sarquindë?) -LT1:236 cf. BAN, LT2:347
OINTMENT laivë -LIB
OLD enwina, linyenwa (having many
years), (of
things:) yerna (worn); OLDEN yárëa,
yalúmëa, GET OLD yerya- (wear [out]) -MC:222
cf.
215, YEN, GYER
OMINOUS lumna (lying heavy, burdensome,
oppressive)
-DUB
ON or (so in LT1:256, but in mature Quenya
or is
always translated "over". English "on" may be rendered by the
allative case,
see UPON.)
ONCE UPON A TIME yassë, yalúmessë,
yáressë (Note: the first of these seems to clash with
*yassë "in/on which". Writers should use one of the two
alternative
forms.) -YA
ONE minë (obsoleting mir in
LT1:260), er
(only, one, alone, but, still); ONE (= a person, someone)
quén pl queni (unstressed quen, "as
a
pronoun or final element in a compound"); THE ONE Eru (see
GOD) -MINI, ERE, WJ:361 cf. 360, Silm:15, 431
ONLY eressë (singly, alone, also as noun =
solitude) -ERE, LT1:269
OPEN (vb) panta- (unfurl, spread out);
OPEN WIDE
palu-, palya- (extend); OPEN (adj) panta,
(of
land:) latin, latina (free, cleared);
OPENING assa
(hole, performation, mouth); OPENMOUTHED fauca (thirsty,
parched)
-PAT, PAL, LAT, GAS, PHAU
OPPRESSIVE lumna (lying heavy, burdensome,
ominous)
-DUB
ORANGE culuina (colour), culuma (fruit)
-KUL
ORC (goblin) urco (pl urqui) or
orco
(pl. orqui or orcor) (LT1:264 has orc,
but
word-final rc does not occur in mature Quenya. Here the
gloss is
"monster, demon". Cf. WJ:390: "In the lore of the Blessed Realm
the Q urko
naturally seldom occurs, except in tales of the ancient days
and the March,
and then is vague in meaning, referring to anything that caused
fear to the
Elves, any dubious shape or shadow, or prowling creature.") See
also ORKISH.
-ÓROK, LT1:264, WJ:390
ORDAINER Námo (Judge - the name of a Vala)
-Silm:411
ORDER (noun) heren (Heren
Istarion "Order of
Wizards"); ORDER (vb) vala- (used of the
Valar only, as in
á vala Manwë "may Manwë order it", Valar valuvar
"the will of the Valar will be done", *"the Valar will order
[it]".
-UT:388, WJ:404
ORIENT ambaron (ambarón-),
Ambarónë (a similar but untranslated word,
Ambaróna, occurs in LotR) -AM2, LotR:490
ORIGINATE auta- (invent, devise) -GAWA
ORION Telumehtar ("warrior of the sky",
according to WJ:411
an old name, later [MET] evidently replaced by:) Menelmacar
("Swordsman of the Sky") -TEL, WJ:411, LotR:1147 cf. 95
ORKISH Orquin (attested with reference to
language, perhaps
also general adjective) -LR:178
OUR *-mma (pronominal ending used on nouns,
e.g. *aldamma
"our tree". It is not attested, but may be deduced from the
word for "we",
q.v. This "our" is exclusive, meaning "their and my", not
including the
person(s) that is spoken to. The inclusive ending for "your and
our" is
*-lma, or in the dual -lva ("our"
meaning
"your (sg) and mine", as in omentielvo "of our [Frodo's
and Gildor's]
meeting, LotR:94). In the first edition of LotR, the wrong form
omentielmo
is used (plural instead of dual). The ending for dual
exclusive "our" (sc.
"our" meaning "his/her and mine") is unknown. The emphatic,
independent words
for "our" may be *emma, *elma, *elva.
-LotR:94, cf. Letters:447
OUT et- (prefix) (forth), OUT
OF et
(followed by ablative) -ET, LotR:1003
OUTCAST hecil (gender-spesific forms are hecilo
m.
and hecilë f.) (one lost or forsaken by friends,
waif, outlaw)
-WJ:365
OUTER, OUTERMOST erúmëa -LT1:262
OUTER LANDS Entar, Entarda (Middle-earth,
East,
Thither Lands [as seen from Valinor]), ettelë (the
word
is not capitalized and seems to be sg); OUTER OCEAN Vai
(=
Ekkaia?) -ET, LT1:271
OUTLAW hecil (gender-spesific forms are hecilo
m. and
hecilë f.) (one lost or forsaken by friends, waif,
outcast)
-WJ:365
OUTSIDE ara (beside), ava, ettë,
(prefix:) ar- (e.g. Araman "outside
Aman")
-AR2; AWA, ET, Silm:428
OVEN urna -LT1:271
OVER or. For "over" in the sense past,
see PAST AND
OVER. -UT:305
OVERCAST lúrëa (dark) -LT1:259
OVERSHADOW telta- (canopy, screen)
-TEL
OX mundo (Note: a homonym means "snout,
nose, cape". It may
or may not obsolete the form taracu "ox" in LT2.) See
also BULL.
-Letters:422, LT2:347/GL:69
OXFORD - LT2 gives Taruktarna (read *Taruhtarna
in
mature Quenya), but the word may be obsolete. See OX above.
-LT2:347
top
PACE ranga (pl rangar is
stated to mean "full
paces"). The ranga was a Númenórean linear measure of
approximately 38 inches (96.5 cm); see YARD. -UT:285
PAGAN GOD see GOD
PAIN (vb) nwalya- (torment). (Though
spelt
this way also in Etym, nwalya- must be from older *ngwalya,
for
the stem is ÑGWAL. In Tengwar spelling, the letter nwalmë
(< older ngwalmë) should be used to transcribe
the initial
nw of nwalya.) PAIN (noun) naicelë,
naicë (= sharp pain); PAINFUL naicelëa
-ÑGWAL, NÁYAK
PALATAL SERIES tyelpetéma -LotR:1154
PALE marya (fallow, fawn), malwa (fallow), isca.
PALE
BLUE helwa -MAD, SMAL, LT1:256, 3EL
PALLID ninquë (chill, white) -WJ:417 cf.
NIK-W-
PANSY helin, Helinyetillë ("Eyes
of
heartsease") (violet) -LT1:262
PARCHED fauca (openmouthed, thirsty) -PHAU
PARCHMENT - in LT2:346, parma "book" is
glossed "parchment",
but see BARK.
PARENT #nostar (only pl nostari is
attested);
ontaro (m), ontarë (f), pl ontani
parents (begetter) -LotR:1017 cf. Letters:308, ONO
PASS auta- (leave, go away); pa.t. oantë,
oantië (in the physical sense "went away [to another
place]",
vánë ("the most frequently used past [tense]" -
less
"physical" than oantë, meaning *"disappeared" rather
than "passed
away"), also anwë (this pa.t. was "only found in
archaic
language"), perf. avánië (pl avánier is
attested); perf. vánië with no augment may occur in
verse.
-WJ:366; for the gloss "pass" see Silm:229
PASS - mountain pass: falqua (cleft,
ravine); pass
between hills: cilya (cleft, gorge) (so in
Etym, but #cirya
in the name Calacirya "Pass of Light" [gen. Calaciryo
in
Namárië] - though this clashes with cirya "ship". An
early
version of Namárië actually had Calacilyo not
Calaciryo; see An Introduction to Elvish p. 5) -LT2:341,
KIL
PASSAGE tarna (crossing, #ford) -LT2:347
PAST, PAST AND OVER (adj) vanwa (departed,
lost,
vanished, dead, no longer to be had), PAST (noun = past
time)
vanwië -WAN, Nam
PATH tië (course, line, direction, way, road);
#vanda
(isolated from Qualvanda "Road of Death" in
LT1:264; cf. vand-
"way, path" on the same page); NARROW PATH axa (ravine);
-TE3/RGEO:67/UT:22 cf. 51, LT1:264, AK
PAUSE lár (also a Númenórean linear
measure, nearly one league - see LEAGUE.) -UT:285
PAVED FLOOR paca (court) -TAL, GL:63
PEACE sérë (repose, rest), AT PEACE senda
(resting) -SED
PEAK aicalë; MOUNTAIN PEAK aicassë,
also
#rassë or #ras (isolated from Arfanyarassë,
Arfanyaras "high white-shining peak"). -AYAK,
WJ:416
PEARL marilla -LT1:265
PEBBLE-BANK sarnië (shingle) -UT:463
PEER tihta- (blink) -MC:223
PEN tecil -TEK
PEOPLE lië, nossë (kin, house). Originally
nórë meant "people", but in later [MET] Quenya it means
primarily "land". SOME PEOPLE queni -LI,
LT1:250/LT2:338, WJ:361
cf. 360
PERCEPTION, KEENNESS OF laicë (acuteness) -LAIK
PEREDHIL Pereldar (the Half-Elven) -Letters:386,
cf.
LotR:1071
PERFORMATION assa (hole, opening, mouth) -GAS
PERIOD (endless) oio -UT:317
PERPETUAL #oien (isolated from oiencarmë
"perpetual production" - but it has also been suggested that
this is
oi-en-carmë *"ever-re-making", so the word
oien is rather doubtful) -MR:329
PERSON quén pl. queni (one,
somebody); PERSON AS
A WHOLE (body + soul) essë (basically meaning "name"),
erdë ("singularity". Note: a homonym means "seed,
germ".)
-WJ:361 cf. 360, MR:216
PETTY #pitya (isolated from Pitya-naucor
"petty-dwarves", see below).
PETTY-DWARVES Attalyar (lit. "Bipeds"),
Picinaucor, Pitya-naucor (lit. *"small
dwarves") -WJ:388,
389
PHANTOM fairë ("phantom, disembodied
spirit, when
seen as a pale shape" - pl. fairi is attested. Note:
fairë
has other shades of meaning as well as wholly different
meanings - see
SPIRIT, DEATH, RADIANCE, FREEDOM) -MC:223, 221
PHARAZÔN Calion -UT:224, Silm:324
PHONETIC #hlonítë (only
attested
in the pl. in hloníti tengwi "phonetic signs")
-WJ:395
PHYSICAL MATTER orma, hroa (also
used = "body");
PHYSICAL STRENGTH tuo -MR:218, 216, TUG
PIERCING maica (sharp), terevë (fine,
acute),
laicë (glossed "keen, sharp, acute", never "piercing" -
but the
earlier [TLT] form was laica, glossed "keen, piercing".
Note:
laicë is also a noun meaning "acuteness, keenness".)
-Silm:434,
LT1:255, LT2:337
PILE hahta (mound) -KHAG
PILLAR tarma, tulwë (standard, pole)
-Silm:438, LT1:270
PILLOW quesset -KWES
PIN tancil (brooch) -TAK
PINETREE - GL:17 has aicassë, but in Etym
this word is
said to mean "mountain-peak".
PINNACLE (topmost) see FINISH.
PIPE simpa, simpina (flute), rotsë.
PIPER
simpetar, PIPING simpisë -LT1:266, LT2:347
PIT latta (hole - Note: a homonym means
"strap")
-DAT
PIVOT peltas (pl peltaxi) -PEL
PLACE men (so in Etym, though this word
would clash with
*men "to/for us". In LotR, sinomë is translated
"on this
place", pointing to #nomë as the word for "place".
Tolkien first
wrote símanë, then changed it to sinomë. If
#man in the first word is a variant form of men,
Tolkien
evidently rejected #man/men in favour of #nomë.
On
the other hand, men is also mentioned in the language
notes in RGEO (p.
72), a late source that is not easily dismissed.) STRONG
PLACE
sarnë -MEN, LotR:1003, SD:56, SAR
*PLANT #olva (only pl olvar is
attested, never
actually translated "plants" but defined as "growing things with
roots in the
earth"); LONG TRAILING PLANT uilë ("especially
sea-weed",
which is explicitly ëaruilë)
-Silm:415, UY
PLAY (vb) tyalin ("I play",
1. pers.
aorist), PLAY(noun) tyalië (game, sport)
-TYAL/LT1:260
PLEDGE vanda (oath, solemn promise) -UT:317
PLENITUDE fárë (all that is wanted,
sufficiency)
-PHAR
PLIANT maxa (soft) -MASAG
PLOUGH hyar; THE PLOUGH (constellation) see
SICKLE OF THE
VALAR. -LT2:342
PLUM pio (also used for "cherry") -LT2:347
POEM lairë (Note: a homonym means "summer"),
lirit -GLIR, LT1:258
POINT mentë (end), nasta (spearhead,
gore,
triangle), tixë (dot, tiny mark), tildë (horn),
amatixë (point/dot over the line of writing), nuntixë
(point/dot under the line of writing) -MET, SNAS, TIK, TIL
POISON (noun) sangwa -SAG
POLLEN malo (yellow powder) -SMAL
POOL nendë, linya, ailin (lake),
ringë (cold lake); POOL OF LILIES nénuvar -NEN,
LIN,
AY, RINGI, LT1:248
POPLAR-TREE tyulussë; HAVING MANY POPLARS
lintyulussëa -TYUL, LIN
POPPY fúmella (pl. fumellar [read
*fúmellar?] is attested), fúmellot (prob.
fúmellót-; cf. lótë "flower".
Fúmellot is literally *"flower of sleep", but do not
necessarily
refer to opium poppies only.) -LT1:252
POSSESS harya-; POSSESSING arwa (+
genitive) (in control
of) (Note: harya- is not used of one's offspring. In
MR:228, Tolkien
notes that "no Elf would speak of possessing children; he would
say: 'three
children have been added unto me', or 'are with me', or 'are in
my house'.")
-3AR
POST (wooden) samna (þ) (Distinct from #samna
"diphthong" in Tengwar spelling, as the latter is spelt with
initial
silmë, not súlë.) -STAB
POTTER cemnaro, centano -KEM, TAN
POUR ulya- (intransitive pa. t. ullë,
transitive
ulyanë; plural subjunctive ullier "should pour"
is attested.
These forms may obsolete ulu- and ulto- "pour"
[transitive and
intransitive] in LT1:270); POURING úlëa (flooding,
flowing) -ULU, SD:310
POWDER (yellow) malo (pollen) -SMAL
PRAISE (vb) laita- (bless) (Imperative
a laita
and fut #laituva are attested, the latter with
pronominal endings:
laituvalmet, "we shall praise them") PRAISE (noun)
#laitalë (isolated from Erulaitalë "Praise
of
Eru") -LotR:989 cf Letters:308, UT:436
PRAYER #kyermë (isolated from Erukyermë,
"prayer to Eru". A verbal stem #kyer- "pray" can also be
isolated)
-UT:436
PRECIOUS THING mírë (jewel, treasure, shining
jewel) -MIR
PRECIPICE (seaward) ollo (cliff). (The
alternative
form oldó may be archaic Quenya.) -LT1:252
PRESS sanga (crowd, throng) -STAG/Silm:438
PREVENT FROM COMING TO COMPLETION nuhta- (stunt,
stop short,
not allow to continue) -WJ:413
PRICK erca-, nasta- (sting); PRICKLE,
SPINE erca
-ERÉK, NAS
?PRIMARY (Tolkien's handwriting was illegible) *yessëa
(corrected from the actual reading essea - see
BEGINNING)
-ESE
PRINCE cundu, haryon (heir); PRINCESS
aranel
-KUNDU, 3AR, UT:434
PRINCIPAL (prob. adj not noun) héra (chief)
-KHER
PROCEED (in any direction) lelya-
(pa.t.
lendë) (go, travel) -WJ:363
PRODUCTION carmë (glossed "art" in UT:396,
but cf.
Oiencarmë Eruo "the One's perpetual production". Carmë
is also translated "making".) -MR:329
PROFOUND tumna (low-lying, low, deep, dark or
hidden)
-LT1:271 cf. TUB
PROLONG taita- -TAY
PROMINENT minda (conspicuous) -MINI
PROMISE (solemn) vanda (oath, pledge)
-UT:317
PROMONTORY (narrow) ne
htë -UT:282
PROP tulco (support) -TULUK
PROPER vanima (fair, beautiful, right) -LT1:272
PROSPEROUS alya (rich, abundant, blessed);
PROSPERITY
autë (wealth, also adj: rich) -GALA, LT2:336
PROTECT varya-; PROTECTED varna (safe,
secure)
-BAR
PROVERBIAL DICTUM ("a saying, a current or
proverbial dictum")
eques (pl. equessi) (dictum, quotation,
saying)
-WJ:392
PROW OF A SHIP lango (broad sword) -LAG
P-SERIES parmatéma (labials) -LotR:1154
PUFF hwesta-; PUFF OF AIR hwesta
(breath,
breeze) -SWES
PURE poica -POY
PURSUE roita- -ROY1
PUT ASIDE hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë
is
given but seems perfectly regular) (leave out, exclude,
abandon, forsake);
PUT A STOP TO pusta- (stop, cease) -WJ:365, PUS
PUT FORTH LEAVES OR FLOWERS *lohta- (corrected
from the
actual reading lokta because Tolkien later decided that
kt became
ht in Quenya) (sprout) -LT:258
PUTRID saura (þ) (foul, evil-smelling)
- in
compounds #sauri-, see FOUL. -THUS
top
QUANTITY (great) úvë (abundance)
-UB
QUARREL costa- -KOT
QUEEN tári (gen tário is attested).
LT1:260 has turinqui "queen", while LT1:273 gives vardi,
but
these are hardly valid words in mature Quenya. QUEEN OF
STARS (Varda's
title) Elentári (so in LotR and Silm; Etym has
also
Tinwetári, Tinwetar,
Tinwerontar); QUEEN OF THE EARTH Kementári
(a title of Yavanna) -TÂ/LT1:264/Nam, Silm:55/437/30
QUICK SHAKE rincë (flourish) -RIK
QUIET (noun) quildë (rest, hush) -GL:23
QUIVER vainolë
-LT1:271
QUOTATION eques (pl. equessi) (dictum,
proverbial
dictum, saying) -WJ:392
top
RACE nórë (land, country,
dwelling-place, nation, native land, family) -NÔ
RADAGAST Aiwendil ("Lover of Birds", his
original Valinorean
name, not an actual translation of "Radagast", which is either
Adûnaic
for "Tender of Beasts" or a Mannish name of uncertain meaning).
-UT:393/417,
cf. 390, 401
RADIANCE alcar, alcarë (brilliance,
splendour),
fairë (Note: this word has several other meanings - see
DEATH,
FREEDOM, PHANTOM), nalta (glittering reflection -
alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form. In PM:347,
nalta
is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng
had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the
system of LotR
and transcribe it accordingly. But if this word is written in
Tengwar, the
initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo,
not
númen.) RADIANT alcarinqua (glorious)
-AKLA-R, PHAY, PM:347, WJ:369 (where alcar, alkar is
translated
"splendour")
RAGE aha -LotR:1157
RAIN mistë (fine rain), rossë (fine
rain, dew,
spray), ucco; RAINBOW helyanwë (lit.
"sky-bridge"),
Ilweran, Ilweranta. (LT2 has iluquinga "sky-bow",
but
this was obsoleted toghether with ilu "sky"; see SKY.)
-MIZD, ROS
cf. Letters:282, GL:74, 3EL, LT1:256, LT2:348
RAISE orta- (lift up, rise) (pa.t.
ortanë
is attested; orta- probably obsoletes orto- in
LT1:256),
amu- -ORO, Nam, RGEO:67, LT2:335
RAPID larca, alarca -LAK
RAT *nyaro ("nyano" in LR:379 must be a
misreading)
-NYAD
RAVINE axa (narrow path), yáwë (cleft,
gulf),
falqua (cleft, mountain pass) -AK, LT2:341
RAY OF LIGHT alca; RAY OF THE SUN firin (the
latter
may not be a valid word in mature Quenya) -AKLA-R,
LT2:341
"RAYMENT, VEILS" fana (pl fanar is
attested. This word
was used of the visible bodies in which the Valar presented
themselves to
incarnates.) -RGEO:74
RE- (prefix) en- (as in entulessë
"return" and envinyatar "renewer", q.v. Also used
on verbs:
#enquat- "refill" [only fut. enquantuva is
attested, see REFILL].
Before the consonants l, m, r, s,
the prefix en-
would be assimilated to *el-, *em-, *er-,
and
*es-, respectively. Very early [The Lost Tales] "Qenya"
has an-
instead of en- [see LT1:184].)
REACH *rahta- (strech out) (Corrected from
the actual
reading rakta; Tolkien later decided that kt became
ht in
Quenya) -LT1:335
REAL anwa (actual, true) -ANA2
REALM arda (region). This word
means "any more or
less bounded or defined place, a region" (WJ:402). Arda (with
a capital
A) was "the name given to our world or earth...within the
immensity of
Eä". -3AR, Letters:283
REAR tellë -TELES
RECALL #enyal- (inf. enyalië) -UT:302,
317
RECKON not-; *RECKONING #onótimë
(isolated from Yénonótië *"reckoning of
years"), *RECKONER Onótimo (the untranslated
title of one
Quennar, an expert of chronology) -NOT, MR:48-51
RECEIVE tuvu- (same as in utútvienyes "I
have
found it"? See FIND) -GL:71
RED carnë, aira ("ruddy,
copper-coloured"),
narwa ("fiery red", cf. nárë "flame"),
nasar (adopted from Valarin; used in Vanyarin Quenya
only); RED
[HEAT?] (Tolkien's handwriting was illegible) yulmë
(Note: a homonym means "drinking, carousal"). RED
FLAME
rúnya, WITH ADORNMENT OF RED JEWELS carnimírië
(a pl form? Sg *carnimírëa? Letters:224 has carne-
instead of carni-.) -KARÁN/Silm:429, GAY, NAR,
WJ:399, YUL,
Silm:437, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224
REED liscë (sedge) -LT2:335 (GL:34 also
gives
feng-, but some ending would be required)
REEK
usquë -USUK
REFILL #enquat- (only fut. enquantuva is
attested,
but cf. quat- "fill" in WJ:392) -Nam
REFLECTION (glittering) nalta (radiance
-
alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form. In PM:347,
nalta
is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng
had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the
system of LotR
and transcribe it accordingly. But if this word is written in
Tengwar, the
initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo,
not
númen.) -PM:347
REFUSE váquet- (forbid, say no) (1.
pers. sg
aorist and past váquetin, váquenten are given)
avaquet- (forbid) (the pa.t. is no doubt *avaquentë;
cf.
quet- under SAY), ava- (say no).
(Pa.t.
avanë is given; this verb was "little used in ordinary
language".) -WJ:370, KWET
REGION ména, arda (realm) -MEN,
LotR:1157
REGULAR sanya (þ) (law-abiding,
normal)
-STAN
RELATE nyar- (tell); NOT TO BE TOLD OR RELATED
avanyárima -NAR2, WJ:370
RELEASE fainu- -LT2:250
REMAINS erin -LT1:269
REMOTE haira (far), eccaira, avaha
ira
-KHAYA
REND narci-; RENDING naraca (harsh,
violent)
-NÁRAK
RENEW #envinyata- (heal) (isolated from Envinyatar,
see below. Past participle Envinyanta is attested,
though it is
translated "healed" rather than *"renewed".) RENEWER Envinyatar
-MR:405, LotR:897
REPEAT tatya- (double); REPEATED vorima
(continual)
-TATA, BOR
REPOSE Estë (the name of a Valië; because
of this
name, estë fell out of use as a general word for
"repose").
-WJ:403, 404
RESONANT (of strings) tunga (taut,
tight) -TUG
REST serin ("I rest", 1. pers. aorist);
REST (noun)
sérë (repose, peace), quildë (quiet, hush);
Estë (the name of a Valië; because of this name,
estë fell out of use as a general word for "rest") (repose);
TAKE A REST hauta-; RESTING senda (at peace)
-SED,
EZDÊ/WJ:404, GL:23, KHAW
RETURN (vb) pel- (revolve, go round),
RETURN (noun)
entulessë -PEL, UT:171, 434
REVERED The element #ar- in Arfanyarassë
(a name
of Taniquetil) is said to mean "high (i.e., noble, revered)"
-WJ:416
REVERSED nuquerna -LotR:1157
REVOLVE pel- (return, go round) -PEL
RICH alya (prosperous, abundant, blessed), autë
(also as noun: prosperity, wealth) herenya (wealthy,
fortunate,
blessed) -GALA, LT2:335, KHER
RIDER roquen (horseman, knight) -WJ:372,
UT:282
RIGHT téra (straight), vanima (fair,
proper,
beautiful). RIGHT (direction) forya, fortë (Note:
the
latter word also means "north"); RIGHTHANDED formaitë
(dexterous) -TE3, LT1:272, PHOR
RIME ringwë (frost) -LT1:255
RING #corma (isolated from cormacolindor
"Ring-bearers"); RING-DAY Cormarë (Yavannië 30th,
a
festival in honour of Frodo Baggins; this was his birthday);
RING-WRAITHS
Úlairi (Nazgûl) (pl; sg #Úlairë? Note
that Úlairi is not a literal translation of
"ring-wraiths"; the
prefix ú- may mean "un-" with evil connotation; the rest
of the
word is obscure. Lairë "summer" or "poem" can hardly
have anything
to do with #lairi. The syllable úl- may also
have
something to do with the Black Speech word gûl, wraith.)
-LotR:989 cf. Letters:308, LotR.1146, Silm:362, 417
RINGING SOUND láma (echo - so in Etym, but
see
SOUND) -LAM
RISE orta- (pa.t. ortanë is
attested; orta-
obsoletes oro- in LT1:256) (lift up, raise);
RISING (noun)
órë (Note: a homonym means "heart, inner mind"; but
cf. MIGHTY-RISING); SUNRISE anarórë (LT1:264 has
orontë, oronto, but these words may not be valid
in mature
Quenya). -ORO, LT1:256, Nam/RGEO:67
RIVER sírë (stream) (pl. probably
*sírer not *síri; cf. the similar formation
tyávë "taste", pl tyáver. For "river"
LT1:248/262 also gives nen, while LT1:260 gives celusindi;
LT1:265 gives sindi; these may not be valid words in
mature Quenya).
RIVULET siril; MOUTH OF RIVER etsir -SIR, ET
ROAD tëa (straight line), mallë (pl.
maller not *malli), ROAD IN SEA londë (entrance
to
harbour, translated "haven" in Alqualondë Haven of the
Swans,
UT:417), tië (path, course, direction, way), #vanda
(isolated form Qualvanda "Road of Death" in
LT1:264; cf. vand-
"way, path" on the same page - but since vanda means
"oath" in a
later source [UT:317], this word may be obsolete) -TEÑ, LR:47,
LOD,
TE3/RGEO:67, LT1:264
ROARING (adj) rávëa; ROARING NOISE
rávë (pl. probably *ráver not
*rávi, compare the similar formation tyávë
"taste" pl. tyáver). -MC:223 cf. 215
ROBE vaima -LT1:271
ROCKHEWN HALL hróta (dwelling underground,
artificial
cave) -PM:365
ROOF (vb) tópa-; ROOF (noun)
tópa; HAVING A ROOF telda; "DOWN-ROOF" (cover)
untúpa- -TOP, LT2:348, RGEO:67/Nam
ROOM sambë (þ) (chamber) -STAB
ROOT, ROOTWORD sundo (pl #sundar
in
Tarmasundar "Roots of the Pillar" in UT:166, but this
may be a different
word) (base), talma (foundation, base), sulca (esp.
edible
root) -SUD, TAL, SÚLUK
ROUND corna (globed), corima; ISOLATED
ROUND HILL
tolmen (boss of shield), GO ROUND pel- (return,
revolve) -KOR,
LT1:257, 269, PEL
ROW téma (series, line) (pl témar
is
attested) -TEÑ, LotR:1153
ROYAL #arna (isolated from Arnanor,
Arnanórë, "royal land", Arnor); ROYALIST arandil
(king's friend) -Letters:428, 386
RUDDY aira (red, copper-coloured), roina -GAY,
ROY
RUINOUS atalantëa (pl. atalantië is
attested)
-MC:222, 223
RULE (vb) heru- (Note: heru is
also the noun
"lord"). LT1:273 has vard- "rule, govern", but this is
hardly a valid
word in mature Quenya. RULE (noun) sanyë (þ)
(law), axan (commandment, law) -LT1:272, STAN,
WJ:399
RULER cáno, cánu (see COMMANDER)
(governor, chieftain, commander), #tur (as in Minyatur,
"first
Ruler") (lord) -UT:400, 466
RUN ON, RUN SMOOTHLY nornoro- -LT1:263
RUNE certa (pl certar is attested.
This word occurred
in Exilic Quenya only, adopted and adapted from Sindarin certh.
Tolkien
notes that if inherited, the form would have had the form *cirtë.)
-WJ:396,
LotR:1151
RUSHING (adjectival) rimpa (flying), arauca
(swift); RUSHING (noun) ormë (wrath,
violence, haste)
-KHOR, LT2:347, GOR
RUSTLE escë (noise of leaves) -EZGE
top
SAFE varna (protected, secure). (GL:58 has moina
"safe,
secure", but in mature Quenya moina means "dear,
familiar", and the
former moina seems to have become muina "hidden,
secret".) SAFE
KEEPING mando (custody) -BAR, MR:350
SAGA nyárë, nyarna (tale, history)
-NAR2
SAGACIOUS finwa -LT1:253
SAIL #cir- (only attested as a continuative stem:
círa). LT1:273 has wili- "sail, float,
fly", but
see FLY. -MC:221
SAILOR ciryaquen (shipman) -WJ:372
SAKALTHÔR Falassion -UT:223
SALVE lipsa -LIP
SANCTUARY yána (holy place) -YAN
SAND litsë -LIT
SARUMAN Curumo (= Sindarin Curunír) -UT:393,
401,
427
SATURN Lumbar -WJ:xi/Basic Quenya:24, cf.
Silm:55
SAURON (The Abhorred) Sauron (þ), other names
Súro, Sauro (all S) -THUS
SAVIOUR sáro (þ) (isolated from the word
Nanisáro "saviour of the Dani") -LR:188
SAY quet- (pa.t. quentë) (speak, talk),
equë (the latter word "has no tense forms...being
mostly used
only before either a proper name...or a full independent
pronoun, in the senses
say / says or said. A quotation then follows,
either direct, or
less usually indirect after a 'that'-construction (...) Affixes
appear in
equen 'said I', eques 'said he / she' ." (WJ:392,
415) Cf.
also SAY NO váquet- (forbid, refuse) (1. pers.
sg aorist
and past váquetin, váquenten are given),
ava- (refuse) (pa.t. avanë is given; this verb
was
"little used in ordinary language"). NOT TO BE SAID, THAT
MUST NOT BE SAID
avaquétima. SAYING eques (pl. equessi)
(dictum, proverbial dictum, quotation) -Silm:436, WJ:370,
LT2:348,
WJ:392
SCHOLAR istyar (learned man) -IS
SCOOP OUT calpa- (draw out, bale out) -KALPA
SCORN yaiwë (mocking) -YAY
SCREEN (vb) telta- (canopy, ov
ershadow), SCREEN FROM
LIGHT halya- (veil, conceal) -SKAL, TEL
SEA ëar, airë (said to apply to
"inner seas
of Middle-earth" in Etym, but Tolkien later used these words of
the ocean).
LT2:347 also gives Rása "the Sea". SEA-DWELLING
Eämbar (name of a ship), SEA-SPIRIT
falmar/falmarin (pl. falmarindi) (nymph),
SEA-ELF
Teler (Telellië, Telelli "Teler-folk",
adj
Telerin "Telerian"), SEAWEED ëaruilë (also
simply
uilë, see PLANT), CHILD OF THE SEA oar
(merchild), SEAWARD PRECIPICE ollo (cliff). (The
alternative form
oldó may be archaic Quenya.) -AYAR/Letters:386/RGEO:73,
UT:430,
LT2:347, TELES, LT1:263, LT1:252
SECOND #tatya (cf. Tatyar, "the
Seconds", the Second
Clan of the Elves), neuna; THE SECOND Atani (sg
Atan -
an Elvish name of Men, later only used of Men of the Three
Houses of the
Edain.) -WJ:420, NDEW, WJ:403
SECRET (adj) muina (hidden), nulla,
nulda,
lomba; SECRET (noun) fólë (secrecy);
SECRECY
muilë, fólë (secret), SECRETIVE fólima
-MUY, DUL, LT1:255, LT2:340
SECURE varna (protected, safe), SECURITY varnassë.
(GL:58 has moina "safe, secure", but in mature Quenya moina
means
"dear, familiar", and the former moina seems to have
become muina
"hidden, secret".) -BAR
SEDGE liscë (reed) -LT2:335
SEE cen- (behold) (future tense cenuva
is
attested), véla-; SEE! ela (lo! look!) (directing
sight
to an actually visible object) -MC:222, Arct, WJ:362 cf. 360
SEED erdë (germ. Note: a homonym means
"person".)
-ERÉD
SEIZE mapa- (grasp) This word was struck
out in one of
Tolkien's earlier word-lists, but in Etym it was restored. -MAP,
LT2:339
SELF-NAME #cilmessë (only pl. cilmessi is
attested,
said to mean more literally "names of personal choice":
#cilmë "choice" + essi "names". PM:339 explains
that "some
among the exiles gave themselves names, as disguises or in
reference to their
own deeds and personal history: such names were called kilmessi
'self-names'.")
SEND FLYING horta- (speed, urge) -KHOR
SEND FOR tulta- (fetch, summon) -TUL
SENTENCE quentelë -LT2:348
SEPTEMBER Yavannië
-LotR:1144/1146/Silm:439
SERIES téma (pl. témar is
attested)
(row, line) -TEÑ, LotR:1153
SERPENT lókë (snake, dragon; "so do the
Eldar
name the worms of Melko[r]", LT2:85). The word foalókë
is said to be a "name of a serpent that guarded a treasure".
The word is
not capitalized, so this "name" must be a common noun and not a
proper name.
-LOK, LT2:340
SERVANT -(n)dur (final element in
compounds, e.g.
arandur "king's servant, minister, steward". When the
first part of the
compound ends in l, n, or r, the n of
-ndur
is left out). -Letters:386
SET panya- (fix), SET (of Sun or Moon)
núta- (sink, stoop), SET UP tulca- (fix,
establish;
Note: there is a homonym meaning "firm, steadfast, strong,
immoveable".) -PAN, NDÛ, LT1:270 cf. TULUK
SETTLED - be settled: mar- (abide, be
fixed)
-UT:317
SEVEN otso -OT
SHADE lëo (= shadow cast by an object),
laimë, lómin (shadow); SHADES OF NIGHT
lómë (Night, night-time, dusk, gloom, twilight), SHADY
halda (veiled, hidden, shadowed), laira -DAY,
LT1:255,
DO3
SHADOW lëo ( =shadow cast by an object) (shade),
lómin (shade), lumbulë (=[heavy] shadow),
fuinë, huinë (= deep shadow) (gloom,
darkness),
ungo (=dark shadow) (cloud), mordo, lumbë
(gloom). "The Shadow" meaning Sauron should probably be
Huinë, since this word is associated with his coming to
Númenor in LR:47 and SD:246/310. SHADOWED halda (veiled,
hidden,
shady). -DAY, LT1:255, Nam/RGEO:67, PHUY, UÑG, MOR, LUM,
SKAL
SHAGGY aulë (May have been obsoleted by the
later [TLT]
word aulë "invention".) -LT1:249
SHAKE (quick) rincë (flourish) -RIK
SHAPE (vb) canta-, venië (infinitive?
Stem
#ven-?) (cut); SHAPE (noun) venwë
(cut),
SHAPED canta (also as quasi-suffix, e.g. lassecanta
"leaf-shaped"); SHAPED STONE ambal (flag) -KAT,
LT1:254,
MBAL
SHARE hyanda (blade) -LT2:342
SHARP laicë, maica (piercing), aica
(fell,
terrible, dire; this gloss "sharp" is isolated from one
translation of
Aicanáro:) SHARP-FLAME Aicanáro "Fell Fire,
Aegnor"
(so in Silm:435; MR:323 has Aicanár) -LAIK, Silm:434,
AYAK,
MR:323
SHARP-PROWED SHIP cirya (see SHIP) -Silm:433
(where the
spelling círya occurs, but all other sources have cirya
with a short i, so círya is likely an error
by
Christopher Tolkien).
SHATTERED rúcina (confused, disordered) -MC:223
SHEATH vainë -LT1:271
SHEEN, THE Isil (Moon) -THIL
SHEEP máma (Unlike English "sheep", this
word
probably has a distinct plural *mámar.) -WJ:395
SHELL hyalma (conch, horn of Ulmo) -SYAL
SHEPERD mavor (GL:58 gives mavar);
SHEPERDESS
emerwen -LT1:268, UT:434
SHIELD turma; BOSS OF SHIELD tolmen (isolated
round
hill) -TURÚM, LT1:269
SHIFT (of large and heavy things:) rúma-
(part. rúmala is attested) (heave, move) -MC:223,
222
SHINE cala- (fut. caluva is
attested),
calta-; SHINE WHITE sil- (present tense
síla, aorist sg. silë, aorist pl.
silir, and freq. sisíla- are
attested), ninquita-; SHINING WHITE (adj) silma
(silver) -LT1:254, UT:22 cf. 51, KAL, MC:223, NIK-W,
SIL/LotR:94/The
Return of the Shadow:324
SHINGLE sarnië (pebble-bank) -UT:463
SHIP cirya (defined as "sharp-prowed ship"
in Silm:433; dual
ciriat [read *ciryat?] is attested in
Letters:427; all numbers
and cases except plural possessive *ciryaiva are
attested in the Plotz
letter. In Silm:433, the spelling círya occurs, but all
other
sources have cirya with a short i, so círya
is
likely an error by Christopher Tolkien); luntë
(boat); SHIPMAN
ciryaquen (sailor) -KIR, LT1:249/LUT, WJ:318
SHORE falas (falass-), falassë (beach,
line
of surf); hyapat; SHORE-PIPER, SHORELAND PIPER Solosimpë
(pl Solosimpi is attested) -LT1:253, Silm:431,
SKYAP, LT1:251,
265
SHORT sinta (þ); SHORT STABBING SWORD ecet
(broad-bladed sword) -STINTÂ, UT:284
SHOULDER róma (Note: a homonym means "horn"
or
"trumpet-sound, loud sound") See also BACK. -LT2:335
SHOUT (vb) rama-; SHOUT (noun)
rambë,
SHOUT OF TRIUMPH yello (call), SHOUTER ramandor (but
in mature
Quenya this would probably be a pl; sg *ramando)
-LT1:259, GYEL
SHOW tana- (indicate) (Note: tana also
means "that".)
-MR:385
SICKLE circa; SICKLE OF THE VALAR Valacirca
(= the
Great Bear, the Plough, the Big Dipper or the Wain), also
called
Otselen = The Seven Stars. -KIRIK, OT
SICK(LY) laiwa (ill), caimassë, caimassëa
(bedridden), engwa (cf. Engwar "The
Sickly", an Elvish
name for Men); SICKNESS quámë, lívë,
caila (lying in bed) -SLIW, KAY, GENG-WÂ, Silm:122,
KWAM
SIGH see EXPIRE. Cf. also one of Nienna's
titles:
Núri, she who sighs. -LT1:263 cf. 66.
SIGN tanna, taina; tengwë (indication,
token,
writing - pl tengwi is attested), tehta (mark
[in
writing], diacritic) (In LotR:1155, this word is applied to
the supralinear
vowel-signs of Fëanorian writing, and pl tehtar is
attested.)
SYSTEM OR CODE OF SIGNS tengwesta (grammar) -MR:385,
WJ:394,
395, TEK
SIGNIFER Tancol ("the significant Star",
probably =
Venus)
SILVER telpë, telep- (tyelpë,
tyelep- was the original form of the word in
Noldorin Quenya, but
"the form telpe became usual, through the influence of
Telerin; for the
Teleri prized silver above gold, and their skill as silversmiths
was esteemed
even by the Noldor" [UT:266]. However, in Letters:426 it is
stated that "the
form tyelpë remained in Quenya" and was not wholly
displaced by
telpë. LT1:268 has telpë = telempë.)
Cf. also ilsa (a "mystic name" of silver),
+silmë (also meaning light of Silpion,
starlight).
SILVER (prob. adj) tinda (glinting), OF SILVER telepsa,
telpina, telemna. SILVER LIGHT istel, istil
("applied by the Ilkorins to starlight, probably a Q[uenya]
form learned
from Melian"). SILVER GLINT nillë (a star on
Varda's
simulacrum covering Valinor. Spelt ñillë, i.e.,
ngillë, in MR:388, but initial ng had become n
in
Third Age pronunciation, and I follow the system of LotR and
transcribe it
accordingly. But is this word is written in Tengwar, the letter
noldo,
not númen, should be used to transcribe the initial n.)
-Silm:429,
KYELEP, LT1:255, SIL, TIN, MR:388
SINEW tuo (muscle) -TUG
SING lirin ("I sing", 1. pers.
aorist) (chant);
SINGER nyello, lindo (singing bird); SINGERS Lindar
(a
name of the Teleri); SINGING lindë (air, tune,
song), SINGING
CLUSTER Lindeloktë (labernum). This is the form given
in
LT1:258; Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in
Quenya: read
*Lindelohtë? -GLIR, NYEL, LIN2,
WJ:418,
Silm:431, LT1:258
SINGLE erya (sole), SINGLY eressë
(only,
alone, also as noun: solitude) -ERE, LT1:269
SINGULARITY erdë (used in the sense "person
as a whole",
body and soul. Note: a homonym means "seed, germ".) -MR:216
SINK (of Sun and Moon) núta- (set)
-NDÛ
SIP salpa- (lick up, sup) -SÁLAP
SIRIUS Niellúnë, Nierninwa -LT1:262
SISTER seler (þ) (pl. selli),
onómë, onónë; SISTER (usually not of
bloodkinship) osellë (þ) (associate) -THEL,
NÔ
SIT #hára- (only pl hárar "are
sitting"
is attested. In Etym, "sit" is ham-) -KHAM,
UT:317,
KHAM
SIX enquë -ÉNEK
SKIES fanyarë (upper airs and clouds) -MC:223
SKILL curu; SKILLED maitë (pl.
maisi) (handy), BE SKILLED IN DEALING WITH hanya-
(understand, know about) -Silm:429, MA3, KHAN
SKIN helma (fell) (parma in
LT2:346 is obsolete; see
BARK) -SKEL
SKY vilya (older [MET] wilya) (air),
helwa, ilwë (heavens), telimbo (canopy),
taimë, taimië. (LT2:348 gives ilu, but
the
meaning of this word was later changed - Tolkien decided that
Ilúvatar means "All-Father", not "Sky-Father" as he
originally
thought.) "SKY-BRIDGE" (i.e., rainbow) helyanwë -LotR:1157,
3EL,
LT1:255, LT2:348, LT1:268
SLACKEN lehta-, leuca- (loose) (Note:
leuca
is also a noun meaning "snake". Anyway, leuca- in
Etym is likely a
misreading for *lenca-. The certain form lehta-
is to be
preferred.) -LEK
SLASH cirissë (gash) -KIRIS
SLAVE mól (thrall) -MÔ
SLAY mac- -LT1:259
SLEEP (noun) fúmë. (This word points
to
*fum- as the stem of the verb "to sleep".) FLOWER
OF SLEEP - see
POPPY. -LT1:253
SLENDER nindë, teren, terenë -NIN-DI,
TER
SLIDE DOWN talta- (slip, collapse) -MC:223
SLIP talta- (slide down, collapse) -MC:223
SLOPE (vb) talta-; SLOPE (noun) pendë
(downslope, declivity), ampendë (upward slope), SLOPING
DOWN
penda (inclined) -PEN
SLOW lenca -LT2:341
SLUMBER (vb) lor-, muru-,
SLUMBER (noun)
lórë, murmë, SLUMBROUS lorda
(drowsy), murmëa -LT1:259, LOS, LT1:259, 260
*SMALL pitya (never translated, but Pitya-naucor
is
glossed "petty-dwarves", and pica "small spot" must be
derived from the
same root.) Cf. also nauca, an adjective "especially
applied to things
that though in themselves full-grown were smaller or shorter
than their kind,
and were hard, twisted, or ill-shapen." LT1:256 has an
adjective inya
"small", but this is probably not a valid word in mature
Quenya (in that
language *inya may mean "my, mine".) -PIK, WJ:389, 413
SMALL STONE sar (pl. sardi) -SAR
SMEARED púrëa (discoloured) -MC:223
SMITH tano (craftsman), SMITH OF THE WOR
LD Talca Marwa
(a title of Aulë) -TAN, LT1:266
SMOOTH pasta -PATH
SMOULDERING HEAT yulmë (red [?heat] -
Tolkien's
handwriting was illegible); SMOULDERING WOOD yúla (ember)
-YUL
SNAKE ango (pl. angwi), leuca,
lókë (serpent, dragon; "so do the Eldar name
the
worms of Melko[r]", LT2:85) -ANGWA, LotR:1149, LT2:340
SNARE neuma -SNEW
SNARL yarra (growl) -MC:223
SNOUT mundo (nose, cape) -MBUD
SNOW lossë (spesifically "fallen snow",
also adjective
"snow-white"; +olos, +olossë. Etym also
gives
niquë, but this word is obsoleted by a statement in
WJ:417:
"nique does not refer to snow, but to
cold". This
statement may obsolete niquetil "snowcap" in LT1:266.
Is niquis
"snow" from the same source a valid word? GL:35 has fáwë
"snow" and fauta "it snows".) LIGHT SNOW is,
SNOW-WHITE
lossë (which may also be the noun "snow"), SNOWDROP
nieninquë (lit. "white tear") -RGEO:69, GOLÓS, NIK-W-,
NEI, LT1:256, LT1:262/266
SOAP lipsa -LIB1
SOFT maxa (pliant), moica -MASAG,
GL:58
SOIL 1. (noun) kemen (earth), 2. (vb)
vahta-
(stain), SOILED vára (dirty) -LT1:257, WA3
SOLE erya (single), SOLITUDE eressë (also
as
adverb: single, only, alone) -ERE cf. LT1:269
SOLE OF FOOT tallúnë (the form talas in
LT2
is probably obsolete) -RUN, LT2:347
SOLEMN PROMISE vanda (oath, pledge) -UT:317
SOLITARY erda (deserted) -LT1:269
SOLITUDE eressë (also as adverb: singly,
only,
alone) -ERE, LT1:269
SOMBRE morna (black, gloomy, dark) -MOR
SON yondo (male descendant), (suffix:) -ion,
e.g.
Finwion "son of Finwë". Cf. also the vocative yonya
*"my
son", a contraction of *yondonya. (The forms vô,
vondo
"son" in LT2 are certainly obsolete, as are the notions that
yondo
meant "(great) grandson" and that yô-, yond- "son"
was
used only in poetry. But LT2 does confirm that -ion was
"very
common...in patronymics".) SON OF THE DARK (= Morgoth)
morion YO, MR:217, LR:61, LT2:336, 344, LT1:260 cf.
FS
SONG lindë (air, tune, singing),
#lírë (only attested in the instrumental case:
lírinen; pl. probably *lírer not
*líri, compare the similar formation tyávë
"taste", pl. tyáver), lirilla (lay). See
also
MUSIC. -GLIN, Nam, LT1:258
SOON rato -Arct
SOPE lipsa -LIB
SORROW nyérë (grief). Pl. probably *nyérer
not *nyéri; cf. the similar formation tyávë
"taste" pl. tyáver. -GL:60
SOUL fëa (spirit; pl fëar is
attested. In
MR:330, Tolkien notes that fëa is "roughly but not
exactly
equivalent to...'soul'.") -MR:349, 218, cf. Silm:431
SOUND lamma (= sound in general?), #hlon
(only
pl. hloni is attested; the word is used of the sounds
of a
language), róma (= loud sound, trumpet-sound.
Note:
róma also means "shoulder"), láma (according
to
Etym = "ringing sound, echo", but see below); SOUND-TASTE
lámatyávë (pl. lámatyáver is
attested), i.e., "individual pleasure in the sounds and forms of
words".
Tolkien seems undecided about the exact meaning of láma.
Etym
gives "ringing sound, echo"; in WJ:416 it is said that the stem
LAMA refers
"especially to vocal sounds, but was applied only to those that
were confused
or inarticulate. It was generally used to describe the various
cries of
beasts." But the word lámatyávë "sound-taste", by
which an Elf chose or made a name for him/herself [see
NAME-CHOOSING], seems to
imply that láma can also be used of articulated speech.
-LAM,
WJ:394, ROM, MR:215, 216
SOUTH hyarmen (LT2:248 also gives Sahóra,
but
this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya); SOUTHERN hyarmenya,
"SOUTH-VICTOR" Hyarmendacil (one of the Kings of
Gondor),
SOUTHEASTLANDS Hyarrostar, SOUTHWESTLANDS Hyarnustar (regions
in
Númenor) -KHYAR/LotR:1157, LotR:1075/1082, UT:165, 446
SOW rerin ("I sow", 1. person aorist),
pa.t.
rendë -RED
SPARK - make/cause to spark: tinta- (kindle).
SPARK (noun) tinwë (sparkle). -TIN,
Silm:438
SPARKLE (vb) tintina- (pl. tintinar
is
attested), MAKE TO SPARKLE tinta- (kindle);
SPARKLE, SPARK
(noun) tinwë (often = "star") -TIN,
Silm:438
SPEAK quet- (pa.t. quentë) (say, talk)
-LT2:348
SPEAR ehtë, ecco; SPEAR-HEAD nehtë
(gore, wedge, narrow promontory), nasta (gore, point,
triangle),
SPEARMAN ehtyar -EK, SNAS, UT:282
SPECIES nostalë (kind) -LT1:272
SPEECH #questa (isolated from tarquesta
"high
speech") -TÂ
SPEED (vb) horta- (urge, send flying),
SPEEDING
hortalë (urging) -KHOR
SPELLING tencelë (writing system) -TEK
SPIDER liantë (so in Etym; in LT1:271, liantë
is glossed "tendril"); SPIDER FILAMENT lia (Note:
lia- is also the verb "twine"); SPIDER'S WEB
ungwë
(but in LT1:271, ungwë is glossed "spider") -SLIG,
LotR:1157
SPIKE nassë (thorn), tinda; ROW
OF SPIKES
(or teeth) carcassë, carcaras -NAS, LT1:258,
LT2:344
SPINDRIFT wingë (wingi-) (crest
[of wave],
foam) -LT1:273 cf. WIG
SPIRANT CONSONANT surya -SUS
SPIRIT fëa (= the spirit or "soul" of an
incarnate,
normally housed in a body; pl fëar is attested),
ëala ("being", pl. ëalar is attested. Eälar
are spirits whose natural state it is to exist without a
physical body,
e.g. Balrogs), súlë (þ) (earlier
[MET] thúlë, Súlë) , manu
(= departed spirit; LT1:260 has mánë),
fairë (= spirit in general, as opposed to matter, or a
phantom
or disembodied spirit, when seen as a pale shape. Pl. fairi
is
attested), vilissë. A person's "spirit" meaning
his or her
general personality and attitude may be rendered by the word
órë, in LotR defined as "heart, inner mind" (q.v.), cf.
PM:337, where it is said that "there dwelt in her [Galadriel]
the noble and
generous spirit (órë) of the Vanyar".
FIELD-SPIRIT Nermi (pl. Nermir is
attested. The Nermir
are "fays of the meads".) -MR:349, 218, 165; cf. Silm:431;
LotR:1157, MAN,
MC:223, MR:349, GL:23, LT1:260
SPIT piuta -PIW
SPLIT sanca (þ) (cleft) -STAK
SPONGE hwan (pl. hwandi) (fungus) -SWAD
SPORT tyalië (game, play) -TYAL
SPOT men (place - Tolkien may have
rejected this word, see
PLACE), SMALL SPOT pica (dot) -MEN, PIK
SPRAY (of fall or fountain) rossë (fine
rain, dew)
-Letters:282 cf. ROS
SPREAD palu-, palya- (open wide,
extend, expand)
-PAL
SPRING (vb) tuia- (sprout); SPRING (noun)
ehtelë (fountain, issue of water), SPRING OF WATER
capalinda, WATER FALLING OUT SWIFTLY FROM A ROCKY SPRING celussë
(freshlet), SPRING-TIME tuilë (this word literally
means
"budding, also collectively - buds, new shoots, fresh green"
[LT1:269]. Also
used = dayspring, early morn. In the Calendar of Imladris, tuilë
was a precisely defined period of 54 days, but the word was
also used
without any exact definition. Beside tuilë, LT1:269 also
has
tuiliérë.) FIRST BEGINNING OF SPRING coirë
("stirring", according to the Calendar of Imladris a period of
54 days in
early spring); "SPRING-SINGER" (i.e., swallow) tuilindo
-TUY/LotR 1141, 1145, KEL, UT:426, LT1:260, Silm:429,
LT2:338/LT1:269
SPROUT (vb) tuia (spring), *lohta- (corrected
from
the actual reading lokta because Tolkien later decided
that kt
became ht in Quenya) (put forth leaves or
flowers); SPROUT
(noun) tuima (bud) -TUY, LT:258
SQUAT haca- -GL:47
STABBING SWORD (short) ecet (broad-bladed
sword)
-UT:284/432
STAFF - LT1:264 has vandl, but the cluster
ndl cannot
occur in mature Quenya. Read *vandel?
STAIN (vb) vahta-, STAIN (noun)
vaxë
-WA3
STAND ASIDE! heca! (be gone!). Also with
pronominal affixes:
sg hecat, pl hecal "you stand aside!" -WJ:364
STANDARD tulwë (standard, pole) -LT1:270
STAR elen (normal pl eleni, but
occasionally
+eldi in verse; allative elenna and
pl ablative
elenillor are attested), +él (pl. éli
is mentioned), tinwë (properly = sparkle),
ílë. (Note: in Etym elen is said to be poetic,
but
Tolkien later concluded that elen was "the normal word
for a star on the
actual firmanent", the poetic word being él instead.
According to
MR:388, a tinwë was one of the "apparent stars" on
Varda's
simulacrum covering Valinor, also called nillë or
"silver glint".
Etym mentions the words ellen and elena without
glossing them,
but according to Silm:431 elena is an adjective meaning
"of the
stars".) TWINKLING STAR tingilya, tingilindë,
HAVING
MANY STARS lintitinwë; STARLIKE elvëa (pl.
elvië is attested); STARWARDS elenna (Elenna
or Elennanórë, "the land named Starwards", a name of
Númenor); STARLIGHT silmë (light of Silpion);
STARCROWNED, CROWNED WITH STARS (a name of Taniquetil)
Elerrína (so in Silm:42; Etym has
Elerína); STAR-QUEEN (=Varda) Elentári;
STARLIT DUSK, STARRY TWILIGHT tindómë. See
also
*STELLAR. -EL, Silm:313, MC:222 cf. 215, TIN, WJ:362,
UT:317, LotR:1157,
LT1:269, MC:223, Silm:42, DOMO, Silm:438
STATUTE namna -MR:258
STEADFAST tulca (firm, strong, immoveable; Note:
there is a homonym meaning "fix, set up, establish"),
vórima, voronda ("steadfast in allegiance, in
keeping oath
or promise, faithful"). -TULUK cf. LT1:270, UT:317
STEADY tulunca (firm) -LT1:270
STEEL erë, eren (meaning either
iron or
steel), yaisa -LT1:252, GL:37
STEEP aiqua, oronta -AYAK, LT1:256
*STELLAR elenya (no gloss is actually given;
the word is
simply defined as "an adjective referring to stars". There are
also the
adjectives elda and elena, translated "of the
stars". But in
normal Quenya, elda primarily means "Elf", pl. Eldar.
Use
elenya or elena.) -WJ:362, Silm:431
STEM telco (leg) -LotR:1154
STEWARD arandur (king's servant, minister) -Letters:386,
UT:313
STICK TO himya- (cleave to, abide by),
STICKING himba
(adhering) -KHIM
STIFF norna (tough), tarya; STIFF, DRY GRASS sara
(þ) (bent) -WJ:413, TÁRAG, STAR
STILL (= *"yet, despite that", not in the sense
"unmoving":)
er (only, one, alone, but, still) -LT1:269
STING nasta- (prick) -NAS
STINK yolo- -GL:41
STIRRING coirë (according to the Calendar
of Imladris a
period of 54 days in early spring)
-LotR:1141, 1142
STONE ondo (defined as stone "as a
material" in Etym,
but used of natural rocks in MC:222: ondolissë mornë,
*"upon
dark rocks". LT1 and LT2 has simply on, ondo "stone,
a
stone"), sar (sard-) (= small stone);
OF STONE
sarna. STONE SONG Ondolindë (Gondolin). See
also
ELFSTONE, FLINTSTONE. -GONOD (see GOND), Silm:431,
LT1:254/LT2:342, SAR,
Silm:415
STOOP núta- (sink, set [of Sun and Moon])
-LT1:263
cf. NDÛ
STOP hauta- (take a rest, cease), pusta- (put
a stop to,
but also intr: cease), tápë (3 pers sg pres;
pa.t.
tampë is given) (block), STOP SHORT nuhta- (stunt,
prevent
from coming to completion, not allow to continue). FULL STOP ("in
punctuation"
- in Fëanorian writing probably the symbol :)
putta, pusta; STOPPED CONSONANT (i.e.,
plosive consonant?)
punta; STOPPER tampa -KHAW, PUS, TAP,
WJ:413
STORM raumo (glossed "[noise of a] storm"
in MC:223)
STRAIGHT téra (right), lenwa (long,
thin,
narrow); STRAIGHT LINE tëa (road) -TE3, TEÑ,
LT2:341
STRAP latta (Note: a homonym means "hole,
pit") -LATH
STRAY ranya-; STRAYING (noun) ránë
(wandering) (pl. probably *ráner not *ráni;
cf. the similar formation tyávë "taste" pl
tyáver.) -RAN
STREAM (vb) celu- ("streem out swiftly"; there
is also a
noun celu "stream"), STREAM (noun) celumë
(flow,
flowing, flood, tide), celu, sírë (river); STREAM
IN
THE WIND hlapu- (fly in the wind; part. hlápula is
attested) -UT:446, LT1:265, MC:223, 222/LT1:257
STRECH lenu-; STRETCH OUT *rahta- (reach)
(Corrected from the actual reading rakta; Tolkien later
decided that
kt became ht in Quenya) -LT1:341, 335
STREET mallë -MBAL, LT1:263
STRENGTH (physical) tuo -TUG
STRIDER Telcontar -MR:897
STRIPPED BARE helda (naked) -SKEL
STROKE ("of pen of brush ['] when
not used as long
mark") tecco -TEK
STRONG tulca (firm, immoveable, steadfast. Note:
there is a homonym meaning "fix, set up, establish"),
STRONG
(physically) polda (burley), STRONG PLACE sarnë
-TULUK, POL, SAR
STUNT nuhta- ("prevent from coming to
completion, stop
short, not allow to continue" -WJ:413
SUBLIME, THE Varda (this word should
probably not be used as
a normal adjective. It is also translated the Lofty.) -WJ:402
SUCCESSOR neuro (follower) -NDEW
SUFFICE farya- (pa.t. farnë) (Note:
#farnë also means "dwelling"); SUFFICIENCY
fárë (plenitude, all that is wanted), SUFFICIENT
farëa (enough) -PHAR
SUFFOCATE quoro- (choke) -LT1:264
SUMMER lairë (Note: a homonym means "poem".
In the
Calendar of Imladris, lairë was a precisely defined
period of 72
days, but the word was also used without any exact definition),
saiwen
(cf. saiwa "hot".) "EVER-SUMMER" oiolairë,
"SUMMER-SNOW-WHITE" lairelossë (evergreen trees
brought to
Númenor by the Eldar) -LotR:1141, 1145, Letters:282, LT1:265,
UT:167,
458, UT:167, 449
SUMMIT - LT1:256 gives ormë "crest,
summit", but in
mature Quenya ormë means "wrath, haste, violence,
rushing".
SUMMON tulta- (send for, fetch), yal- (dative
infinitive
#yalien is attested in enyalien "for the
re-calling").
-TUL, UT:317
SUN Anar, Úrin (Úrind-) (the
latter
was a "name of the Sun"; in LT1:271 úrin is glossed
"blazing hot", and the word for "Sun" is Úr ["Ûr"]
or
Úri, Úrinci, Urwen.The stem
Úrin is derived from was struck out in Etym. However,
several
words that must be derived from the same stem occur in LotR,
indicating that
Tolkien restored it.) Naira ("the heart of
flame"),
Calavénë, Calaventë (another names for
the Sun). SUNLIGHT árë (older [MET]
ázë); SUNRISE anarórë,
ambaron/Ambarónë (uprising, Orient) (a similar
but
untranslated word, Ambaróna, occurs in LotR), rómen
(glossed "uprising, sunrise, east" in Silm:437, but the
normal meaning
of the word is always "east"). SUNSET andúnë (west,
evening), núro. (Amuntë in LT2 is
certainly
obsolete); RAY OF THE SUN firin (the latter may
not be a valid
word in mature Quenya) -ANÁR, UR, LotR:1157, LotR:254, ORO, AM,
LotR:490, NDU, MR:198, Silm:428, LT2:335, 341
SOUP sulpa -LT1:266
STUDY (long) nólë (wisdom, lore,
knowledge). (In Etym this word is spelt with initial ñ,
that
is, ng. Initial ng had become n in
Third Age Quenya, and I
follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Nólë
is so spelt also in Silm:432. But if this word is written in
Tengwar, the
initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo,
not
númen.) -ÑGOL, Silm:432
SUP salpa- (so in Etym; "take a sup of" in
LT1:266)
(sip, lick up) -SÁLAP, LT1:266
SUPPORT (noun) tulto (prop) -TULUK
SUPPOSE intya-; SUPPOSITION intya (guess,
idea)
-INK
SUPREME The Supreme Aratar (pl; sg
#Arata).
The Aratar are the mightiest of the Valar: Manwë, Varda, Ulmo,
Yavanna,
Aulë, Mandos, Nienna, and Oromë. Aratar is also
rendered "High
Ones, Exalted Ones" -Silm 32/381, WJ:402
SURE tanca (firm, fixed) -TAK
SURF solor, solossë (surge). LINE OF
SURF
falassë (beach, shore) -SOL, LT1:266, Silm:431
SURFACE palúrë (bosom, bosom of Earth - Tolkien
equated
palúrë with the Old English word folde),
palmë -PAL
SURGE (noun) solossë (surf) -LT1:266
SWALLOW tuilindo (lit. "spring-singer").
-TUY/LIN2/LT1:269/LT2:338
SWAN alqua; HAVEN OF THE SWANS Alqualondë
-ÁLAK/Silm:427/LT1:249, LT2:335 (LT1:249 also has
alquë), UT:417
SWARD palis (lawn) -LT1:264
SWART varnë (varni-) (brown, dark
brown) The
form varni- is evidently used in compounds. -BARÁN
SWELL tiuya- (grow fat) -TIW
SWIFT #linta (only pl lintë is
attested),
tyelca (agile, hasty), larca, alarca (rapid),
arauca
(rushing) -Nam, KYELEK, LAK, LT2:347
SWIRL hwinya- (eddy, gyrate) -SWIN
SWORD macil; BROAD SWORD lango (also = prow
of a ship),
LARGE SWORD falquan; SHORT STABBING SWORD, BROAD-BLADED
SWORD
ecet, SWORD BLADE +russë (corruscation) -MAK/LT1:259,
LAG,
LT2:341, UT:284/432, RUS
SWORN BROTHER otorno (associate) -TOR
SYRUP pirya- (juice) -PIS
top
TALE nyárë (saga, history), nyarna (saga)
-NAR2
TALK quet- (pa.t. quentë)
(say, speak)
-LT2:348
TALL halla, tunda (Note: the latter has a
homonym meaning
"kindle"), tára (high) -LotR:1157, TUN,
WJ:417
TANGLE fasta- -PHAS
TAP tamin ("I tap", 1. pers. aorist)
(pa.t.
tamnë) -TAM
TAPER lícuma (candle) -MC:223
TARN moilë -LT2:349
TASSEL fas, fatsë -GL:34
TASTE (vb) tyavin
("I taste", 1. pers. aorist);
TASTE (noun) tyávë (pl. tyáver
is attested in the compound lámatyáver "sound-tastes";
see
SOUND-TASTE.) -KYAB, MR:215, 216
TAUT tunga (tight, [of strings:] resonant) -TUG
TEAR nírë, nië -NEI, LT1:262
TELL nyarin ("I tell", 1. pers. aorist) (relate);
NOT TO
BE TOLD OR RELATED avanyárima -NAR2, WJ:370
TEMPLE corda -LT1:257
TEN cainen -KAYAN, KAYAR
TENDRIL liantë (but in Etym, this word is
glossed
"spider", q.v.) -LT1:271
TERRIBLE rúcima, aica (fell, dire,
sharp)
-WJ:415, PM:347
TERRIFY ruhta- -WJ:415
TERROR ossë (Ossë is also the name of
a Maia
held to be responsible for storms at sea.) -GOS, Silm:33, 34
THANKSGIVING #hantalë (isolated from Eruhantalë
"thanksgiving to Eru". A verbal stem #hanta- "thank"
can also be
isolated.) -UT:436
THAT ta (it), tana, yana (the
former), THAT
(relative pronoun): "who, which, that" as a relative pronoun is
i or
ya: i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa "the One who is
above
all thrones", i carir quettar ómainen "those who form
words with
voices". A pronoun ya *"which" is found in the
"Arctic" sentence;
yassen "in which" in Nam is evidently this pronoun + a
plural locative
ending. -TA, YA, WJ:391, UT:305, 317, Arct
THATCH tupsë -TUP
THE i In Quenya, the definite article is
generally used as
in English. However, notice that it is not used before plural
words denoting an
entire people or race, such as Valar, Quendi, Noldor,
Sindar, Eldar, Ainur, Fírimar
etc. This is
evident from examples like lambë Eldaron "the language
of the Eldar
[lit. simply "Eldar"]", Valar valuvar "the will of the
Valar [lit.
simply "Valar"] will be done". Cf. Tolkien's use of "Men" with
no article,
meaning the entire human race or humans in general, while "the
Men" would be a
group of individuals. Anar "the Sun" and Isil "the
Moon" are
probably treated like proper names in Quenya; they do not take
the article.
When a noun is determined by a following genitive, it is
evidently optional
whether it takes the article or not: mannar Valion "into
the hands [lit.
simply "hands"] of the Lords", Indis i Ciryamo "The
Mariner's Wife, *The
Wife [lit. simply "Wife"] of the Mariner" - but contrast I
Equessi
Rúmilo "the Sayings of Rúmil", i arani Eldaron "the
Kings
of the Eldar". If the genitive precedes the noun, the article
must
probably be left out, as in English (*Eldaron arani, ?Eldaron
i
arani). Note: i is also the relative pronoun
"who, that"; see WHO.
-I, WJ:404, 368, FS, UT:8, WJ:398, 369
THEE le (formal, perhaps the object form of
elyë
"thou", q.v; only known as a borrowing in Sindarin; see the
notes on the poem
A Elbereth Gilthoniel in RGEO) Case endings may be added,
e.g. dative
len "to/for thee". -LotR:61
THEIR - if analogy can be trusted, "they" is the
ending
*-nta, e.g. *aldanta "their tree". See THEY.
THEM te (independent pronoun); -t (pronominal
ending,
e.g. laituvalmet, "WE [-lme-] will praise THEM
[-t]") -LotR:989 cf. Letters:308
THEN san -MC:216
THERE, LOOK! en (yonder) -EN
THEY -ntë (pronominal ending): Tiruvantes
i
hárar mahalmassen mí Númen "they will keep it who sit
upon thrones in the West". The independent, emphatic form may be
*entë.) Object "them" (and non-emphatic "they") is the
independent
pronoun te, that may also be expressed by the pronominal
ending -t
(as in a laita, laita te...laituvalmet,
"bless them, bless
them...we shall bless [or praise] them"). For "they", there is
also the ending
-lto as in tulielto "they have come"
(LT1:270), but
its status in mature Quenya is uncertain. -UT:317, LotR:989 cf
Letters:308
THICK tiuca (fat) -TIW
THIGH tiuco -TIW
THIN - long and thin: lenwa (straight,
narrow)
-LT2:341
THING nat; THING MADE tanwë (device,
construction,
craft) -NÂ2, TAN
THINGOL Singollo (þ) short for Sindacollo
(þ) (so in Silm:421; MR:217 and WJ:410 have
Sindicollo, where the s represents original th,
cf.
PM:337, where the spelling Sindikollo is used [S = th
as in
thin]. Hence, these variant forms should be spelt with in
initial
súlë, not silmë, in Tengwar writing).
However, it appears that Thingol was usually called Elwë in
Quenya. -MR:385
THIRD #nelya (cf. Nelyar "Thirds",
the third clan
among the Elves) -WJ:420
THIRSTY fauca (open-mouthed, parched) -PHAU
THIS sina -UT:305
THITHER tar; THITHER LANDS (as seen from
Valinor)
Entar, Entarda (Outer Lands, Middle-earth, East) -TA,
EN
THORN nassë (spike) -NAS
THORONDOR Sorontar -Silm:438
THOU elyë (independent pronoun, used fo
r emphasis,
therefore translated "even thou" in Nam and RGEO:67), -lyë
(pronominal ending; the normal way of expressing
non-emphatic "thou":
hiruvalyë "thou shalt find"). This "thou" is formal.
Concerning
familiar or intimate "thou", that would often be translated
"you" in English,
only the object tye "thee" [q.v.] and the short suffix
-t is
attested; the latter may be used on imperatives, e.g. hecat
"get thee
gone!") -Nam/RGEO:67, WJ:364
THOUGHT ósanwë; COMMUNICATION OF THOUGHT
ósanwë-centa -MR:415
THRALL mól -MÔ
THREAD (fine) lia (spider filament. Note:
lia-
is also the verb "twine".) -SLIG
THREE neldë (obsoleting olë in
LT1:258)
-NEL
THRESHOLD fenda -PHEN
THROAT lanco -LAK, LANK
THRONE mahalma (loc. pl. mahalmassen is
attested)
-UT:317
THRONG sanga (crowd, press); THRONG-CLEAVER Sangahyando
(personal name, the "throng" being a closely formed body of
enemy
soldiers) -STAG, LT2:342, LotR:1085 cf. Letters:425
THROUGH terë, ter; "THROUGH-ABIDE" (i.e.,
stand
[fast]) #termar- (only fut. termaruva is
attested)
-TER, UT:305, 317
THY -lya, *-tya (endings used on
nouns, e.g.
*aldalya, *aldatya "thy tree". The ending *-tya
is not
attested and is deduced from the pronoun "thee" [q.v.].) The
semantic
distinction between -lya and *-tya is that -lya
is formal
or polite, while *-tya is intimate or familiar. Cf.
THEE. In UT:51 (cf.
22), -lya is translated "your" instead of "thy",
following modern
English usage (tielyanna "upon your path").
TIGHT tunga (taut, [of strings:]
resonant) -TUG
TILL (prep) an (for, to) -Arct
TILTED talta- (sloping, leaning)
-TALÁT
TIME lúmë (translated "hour" in LotR:94;
allative lúmenna is attested; Note: lúmë also
means "darkness"); lú (= "a time, occasion").
FIXED
TIME asar (Vanyarin athar) (festival), ONCE
UPON A TIME
yassë, yalúmessë, yáressë
(Note: the first of these seems to clash with *yassë "in/on
which".)
-LU, WJ:399, YA
TIMID caurëa -LT1:257
TIN latúcen; OF TIN latucenda
-LT1:268
TINDER tusturë -LT1:270
TINFANG Timpando -LT1:268
TINY titta (little) -TIT
TISSUE lannë (cloth) -LAN
TITLE see NICKNAME.
TO, TOWARDS ana, na, an (for,
till); (prefix:)
ana-. English "to, towards, -wards" will often be
rendered by the
allative ending -nna, pl -nnar, as in Elenna
"Starwards"
(Elen + [n]na) -NÂ, Plotz
letter,
UT:432, Silm:313
TOGETHER o- (prefix) -WÔ
TOIL móta- (labour) -MÔ
TOKEN tengwë (indication, sign, writing - pl
tengwi
is attested) -WJ:394, 395 cf. TEK
TOMB #noirë (isolated from Noirinan,
"Valley of
the Tombs") -UT:166
-TON (reduced form of "town" in names) -mas
(-by)
-LT1:250
TONGUE (physical tongue:) lamba, (language:)
lambë, quetil (In LT2:339, it is said
that
lambë covers both "physical tongue" and "speech", but
Tolkien later
thought better of that. WJ:394 states that in non-technical use,
lambë
was the normal word for "language"; only the Loremasters
used the technical
term tengwesta instead.) LOREMASTER OF TONGUES #Lambengolmo
(only pl Lambengolmor is attested)
-LAB/LotR:1157/WJ:394, 396,
KWET
TOOTH nelet (pl nelci), carca (fang,
tusk); ROW
OF TEETH carcanë (LT2 has carcassë, carcaras
"row of spikes or teeth".) -NÉL-EK, KARAK/LT2:344
TOPMOST PINNACLE see FINISH.
TORMENT (vb) nwalya-. (Though spelt
this way also in
Etym, nwalya- must be from older *ngwalya, for
the stem is
ÑGWAL. In Tengwar spelling, the letter nwalmë (<
older
ngwalmë) should be used to transcribe the initial nw
of nwalya.) TORMENT (noun) nwalmë
(older [MET] ngwalmë), angaitya -LotR:1157
cf.
ÑGWAL; LT1:249
TORTURE ungwalë, malcanë, valcanë
-ÑGWAL, LT1:250
TOUGH norna (stiff), tarya (stiff) -WJ:413,
TÁRAG
TOWARDS ana, na, an (for); (prefix:)
ana- (to) -NÂ
TOWER mindon (also translated "Lofty
Tower"; allative pl
mindonnar or mindoninnar is attested) (turret),
mindo (=isolated tower), tirion (=
watchtower; also
defined as "a mighty tower, a city on a hill), tirin (=
tall
tower; Note: a homonym means "I watch") See also TOWN WITH WALLS
AND TOWERS.
-LT2:346/MC:222, MINI, LT1:258, TIR
TOWN osto (= town with wall) (city), opelë
(walled village/house), irin; TOWN WITH WALLS AND TOWERS tirios,
TOWNSHIP ostar -OS, PEL(ES), LT1:258, LT2:343, 336
TRADE (vb) manca-, TRADESMAN macar
-MBAKH
TRAILING sóra (long) -LT2:344
TRANSPARENCE liquis, TRANSPARENCY - the
word
vírin is defined as "a magic glassy substance of great
lucency
used in fashoning the Moon. Used of things of great and pure
transparency."
-LT1:262, LT2:339
TRAVEL lelya- (pa.t. lendë) (go,
proceed)
-WJ:363
TREASURE harma, harwë (both words
also used of a
single treasured thing), foa, mírë (jewel,
precious thing); TREASURY harwë (also used = treasure).
-3AR/LotR:1157, LT2:340, MIR
TREE alda (gen.pl. aldaron is
attested),
ornë (= high, isolated tree), taulë (=
great
tree). HAVING TREES, TREE-GROWN aldarwa,
TREE-SHADOWED
aldëa, AVENUE OF TREES aldëon; LORD OF TREES Aldaron
(a name of Oromë) -GALAD/Nam/LotR:1147/
1157,
OR-NI/LotR:488 cf. Letters:308, LT1:267, LT1:249, Silm:32, 378
TRESS findë (lock of hair) (probably
obsoleting
findil in LT2) -SPIN, LT2:341
TRIANGLE neltil (pl neltildi), nasta
(spear-head,
point, gore) -TIL, SNAS
TRIBE hostar -LT2:340
TROOP hossë (army, band) -LT2:340
TROTH vérë (bond, compact, oath) (Pl.
probably
*vérer not *véri; cf. the similar formation
tyávë "taste", pl tyáver.) -WED
TRUE sanda (firm, abiding), anwa (real,
actual)
-STAN, ANA
TRUMP hyóla -SD:419
TRUMPET romba (horn), tumbë; TRUMPET-SOUND
róma (loud sound) (Note: róma means "shoulder"
in one of Tolkien's early "Qenya" lexicons.) -WJ:400/ROM,
LT1:269
TRUST estel (hope) -MR:320
T-SERIES tincotéma (dental series)
-LotR:1154
TUBE róta -LT2:347
TÚN (Old English) see FENCED FIELD -PEL(ES)
TUNE lindë (air, song, singing) -LIN2
TUNNEL rotto (s
mall grot) -PM:365
TURGON Turucáno (so in PM:345, obsoleting Turondo
in LT1:115)
TURRET mindon (tower) -LT1:260
TUSK carca (tooth, fang) -Silm:429,
LT2:344
TWANG tingë, tango. LT1:256 has quingi-
"twang, of strings, harp". In Etym, there is also
the unglossed verb
tanga- = *"make a twang"??? -TING, TANG
TWELVE *rasta (only the stem RÁSAT is given;
assuming that
the sound-changes were regular, this would become *rasta
in Quenya).
TWELVE HOURS ("day" not meaning 24 hours) arya (day)
-RÁSAT, AR1
TWILIGHT tindómë (usually of the
time near dawn, glossed "starry twilight" in Silm:438),
undómë (= evening twilight),
yúcalë, yualë, lómë
(night, dusk, gloom, darkness. Cf. Lómion "Child
of the
Twilight".) -LotR 1145, KAL, LT1:255, Silm:160
TWIN onóna (also = adj "twinborn",
the primary
meaning of the word), pl. ónoni (surprisingly,
a dual form
is not used) -WJ:367
TWINE lia- (Note: lia is also a
noun meaning "fine
thread, spider's filament") -LT1:271
TWINKLE #tintila- (only pl tintilar is
attested)
-Nam, RGEO:67
TWINKLING STAR tingilya, tingilindë -TIN
TWISTED nauca (hard, ill-shapen, *small -
see SMALL.)
-WJ:413
TWITCH rihta- (jerk, give quick twist or move)
-RIK(H)
TWO atta -AT(AT)/Letters:427
top
UDÛN Utumno -Silm:438
ULTIMATE métima (final, last) -MC:222 cf. 215
UN- (prefix) ú- (no-, not, un-, in-) ("usually
with
bad sense"), il- (denoting "the opposite, the
reversal,
i.e., more than the mere negation") -UGU, UMU, LT1:255
*UNCOUNTABLE únótimë (translated
"numberless"; the interlinear translation in RGEO:66 has
"not-count-able")
-Nam
UNDER undu, nu (so in Nam; Etym has
no);
UNDERNEATH nún (down below) -UNU, NÛ
UNDERSTAND hanya- (know about, be skilled in
dealing with);
UNDERSTANDING (noun) handë (knowledge);
UNDERSTANDING
(adjectival) handa (intelligent) -KHAN
UNFURL panta- (spread out, open) -PAT
UNIVERSE ilu, ilúvë (the whole, the
all,
Allness) -ILU (see IL)
UNPRONOUNCEABLE úquétima (impossible to
say/put
into words, unspeakable) -WJ:370
UNSPEAKABLE úquétima (impossible to say/put
into
words, unpronounceable) -WJ:370
UP, UPWARDS amba, ama (prefix:) am-.
(The form amu in LT2:335 is prob. obsolete.)
UPWARD SLOPE amban; UPHILL (adj) ambapenda,
ampenda -AM2, UNU
UPON - this English preposition may be rendered by
the allative
case, endings -nna pl. -nnar, dual -nta.
Cf.
falmalinnar "upon foaming waves", tielyanna "upon
your path".
-Nam, UT:22 cf. 51
UPPER AIRS AND CLOUDS fanyarë (skies) -MC:223
UPRISING ambaron, Ambarónë (sunrise,
Orient)
(a similar but untranslated word, Ambaróna, occurs in
LotR:490). Rómen is glossed "uprising,
sunrise,
east" in Silm:437, but the normal meaning of the word is always
"east". Cf.
also: "UPRISING-FLOWER" *ambalotsë ("referring
to the flower
or floreate device used as a crest fixed to [the] point of a
tall [illegible
word, possibly 'archaic'] helmet", "pointed helm-crest". Tolkien
asterisked the
word because it was not attested, only a possible Quenya form of
the name
Amloth) -AM2, LotR:490, WJ:318
URANUS Luinil (or less probably Nénar;
it is
not known for certain which of the two is Uranus and which is
Neptune) -Basic
Quenya:24, cf. Silm:55
URGE horta- (speed, send flying); URGING (noun,
not
adjectival participle) hortalë (speeding), URGENCY
hormë -KHOR
US #me (only attested with a dual ending: met
"us
two" in an exclusive sense, "he/she and me". -Nam/RGEO:67
USEFUL mára (fit, good) -MA3
top
VAGUE néca (faint, dim to see)
-MC:223
VALE (dark) tumbë (deep valley) -LT:269
*VALIAN valarinwa, attested in Lambë
Valarinwa
"the language of the Valar, *Valian Language". Cf. also valaina
"of the Valar, belonging to the Valar" (divine) -WJ:395,
BAL
VALLEY nan (nand-), tumbo (deep
valley under/among
hills, dark vale; so in Etym, Silm:438 and LT1:269. Letters:308
gives tumba
"deep valley".) VALLEY (adj.) nalda;
"VALLEY OF SINGING
GOLD" Laurelindorinan (Lórien). -TUB, LotR:488 cf.
Letters:308, LT1:261, UT:449
VALOUR cánë -KAN
VANISHED vanwa (gone, departed, dead, lost,
past and over)
-WAN, Nam, WJ:366
VAST - LT2 gives aica "broad, vast", but aica
is said
to mean "sharp" in later writings. -LT2:338
VEIL (vb) halya- (conceal, screen from
ligh); "VEILS,
RAYMENT" fana (pl fanar is attested. This word
was used of the
visible bodies in which the Valar presented themselves to
incarnates.)
VEILED halda (hidden, shadowed, shady) -SKAL,
RGEO:74
VENUS Eärendil (Basic Quenya:24, cf.
Silm:55),
Tancol ("Signifer", "the significant star" -
MR:385)
VESSEL venë (small boat, dish) -LT1:254
VESTMENT colla (cloak) -MR:385
VICTORY túrë (mastery), apairë -TUR,
GL:17
VIGIL tiris (watch) -LT1:258
VIGOUR tuo (muscle, sinew, strength), vië
(manhood), vëassë, laito/laisi (new life,
youth);
VIGOROUS vëa (adult, manly) -TUG, LT1:267, WEG
VILLAGE masto, (walled:) opelë (town)
-LT1:251, PEL(ES)
VINE liantassë -LT1:271
VIOLENCE ormë (rushing, wrath, haste); VIOLENT
naraca
(harsh, rending) -GOR, KHOR, NÁRAK
VIOLET helin, Helinyetillë ("Eyes
of
heartsease") (pansy) -LT1:262
VIRGINITY vénë (with the alternative,
probably
older [MET] form wénë), venessë
-WEN
VOCALIC EXTENSION ómataina (i.e., the
addition to the
base of a final vowel identical to the base vowel [sundóma])
-WJ:417
VOICE óma (pl instrumental ómainen
"with voices" is attested. In some words, óma is
translated
"vowel", q.v.) -OM, WJ:391
VOID lusta (empty), cúma (the Void)
-LUS,
KUM
VOWEL óman (pl. amandi - misreading for
*omandi?) (Note: *óman can also be the dative
form of
óma "voice". In some compounds, óma seems to
mean
"vowel" instead of voice: VOWEL SIGN #ómatehta (only pl
ómatehtar is attested), DETERMINANT VOWEL sundóma,
VOCALIC EXTENSION ómataina (q.v. for definition) -OM,
WJ:396,
319, 417
top
WAIF hecil (gender-spesific
forms are
hecilo m. and hecilë f.) (one lost or
forsaken by
friends, outcast, outlaw) -WJ:365
WAILING (noun) yaimë; WAILING (adj)
yaimëa -MC:223
WAIN (the constellation) see SICKLE OF THE
VALAR
WAKENING (adj) cuivëa (awakening) -KUY
WALK (vb) vanta-; WALK (noun) vanta
-BAT
WALL ramba; WALL AND MOAT ossa; TOWN
WITH WALLS AND
TOWERS tirios -RAMBÂ/Silm:436, LT1:258, LT2:336
*WANDER ranya- (only glossed stray
under
RAN, but cf. Silm:436: "ran- 'wander, stray'" and
the following
word:) WANDERING (noun) ránë (straying) (pl.
probably
*ráner not ráni; cf. the similar formation
tyávë "taste" pl tyáver.) WANDERER
Rána (a name of the Moon), #ran (isolated
from
Palarran "far-wanderer", the name of a ship) -RAN,
Silm:436, UT:460,
461
WANT merë (3. pers. sg. aorist; stem #mer-,
pa.t.
mernë) (wish, desire) -MER
WAR ohta -OKTÂ, KOT
WARM lauca -LAW
WARRIOR ohtatyaro, ohtar, #mehtar (isolated
from
Telumehtar "Orion, warrior of the sky", a word occurring
in LotR.
Etym gives mahtar "warrior" under MAK, but Telumehtar
not
**Telumahtar under TEL). LT1:268 also has mordo
"warrior,
hero", but in mature Quenya mordo means "obscurity,
shadow,
stain". -KYAR (see KAR), UT:458, LotR:1146, MAK,
TEL
WARWICKSHIRE Alalminórë (Land of Elms)
-LT1:249
WATCH (vb) tirin ("I watch", 1.
pers. aorist),
pa.t. tirnë; fut. tiruva is attested (heed),
WATCH-TOWER
tirion; WATCH (noun) (vigil) -TIR,
MC:222 cf. 215,
LT1:258, LT1:268
WATER nén (nen-) (LT1:262 also has
linquë); WATER-FALL - LT1:249 gives axa,
but this is
probably obsoleted by axa "narrow path" in Etym; WATERY
nenda
(wet), WATER-MEAD, WATERED PLAIN nanda; WATER-LOVERS Nendili
(used of the Lindar), WATER-VESSEL calpa; DRAW WATER calpa-
(scoop out, bale out); ISSUE OF WATER ehtelë (fountain,
spring,
also cehtelë, see FOUNTAIN), WATER
FALLING OUT
SWIFTLY FROM A ROCKY SPRING celussë (freshlet), YELLOW
WATER-LILY
nénu -NEN, WJ:410, NAD, KALPA, KEL, UT:426, LT1:248
WAVE (crested) falma (partitive
plural allative
falmalinnar is attested. LT1:266 has solmë
instead of
falma.) -PHAL, Nam/RGEO:67
WAX líco, neitë -MC:223, GL:60
WAY tië (path, course, line, direction, road),
#vanda
(isolated form Qualvanda "Road of Death" in
LT1:264; cf. vand-
"way, path" on the same page. Yet vanda means "oath"
in UT:317, so
this old [TLT] word is doubtful. Use tië, or tëa
"road") -TE3/RGEO:67, LT1:264
WE -mmë (pronominal ending used on verbs,
e.g.
vammë "we won't". This "we" is exclusive, meaning "they
and I", not
including the person(s) that is spoken to. The ending for "we,
including you
(sg or pl)" is -lmë. We can deduce one inclusive
dual
ending, "we" meaning "you (sg) and I": *-lvë (deduced
from
the corresponding possessive suffix -lva "our"). The
emphatic,
independent forms of these pronouns are perhaps *emmë,
*elmë, *elvë. -WJ:371, LotR:989, 94, cf.
Letters:447
WEAL, WEALTH alma (good fortune), ausië,
autë (prosperity, also adj: rich) WEALTHY herenya
(blessed, fortuneate, rich) -GALA, LT2:336, KHER
WEAR see BEAR. WEAR (OUT) yerya- (get
old) (Note:
yerya is also the adjective "old, worn") -GYER
WEATHER - dark weather: lúrë
-LT1:259
WEAVE lanya- -LAN
WEB natsë (net); SPIDER'S WEB ungwë -NAT,
LotR:1157
WED vesta-; WEDDING vestalë -BES,
WED
WEDGE nehtë (spearhead, gore, narrow
promontory)
-UT:282
WEEK lemnar (from a root meaning
"five", since the
Valian week had five days) enquië (from a root
meaning
"six", since the Eldarin week had six days), otsola
(evidently
meaning a seven-day week like our own, as otso = seven)
-LEP, LotR:1141
cf. ÉNEK, GL:62
WEEPING nyényë -LT1:262
WEFT lanat, wistë -LAN , LT1:254
WENT lendë (departed) (past tense of
lelya-/linna- "go") LT1:264 gives vá, but
this is
probably not a valid word in mature Quenya. -LED, WJ:363
WEREWOLF nauro (In Etym, this word is spelt
with initial
ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n
in
Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe
it
accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial
n
should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not
númen.) -NGAW
WEST númen (so in Etym and LotR; Númen
is capitalized in UT:305; this word obsoletes númë in
LT1:263), andúnë (sunset, evening); WESTERN
númenya; IN THE WEST númëa; WESTLAND see
WESTERNESSE; WESTLANDS Andustar (a region in
Númenor)
"WEST-WINGS" (the name of a ship) Númerrámar
-LotR:1157/NDÛ, Nam, UT:305, Silm:428, LT1:263, UT:165,
419,
UT:175, 458
WESTERNESSE, WESTLAND Númenor (full
form
Númenórë) -Silm:313, 414
WET mixa, linquë (obsoleting
liquin
in LT1:262), nenda (watery) -MISK, NEN,
LINKWI
WHAT see WHO
WHEREIN yassen (refering back to a pl word; sg #yassë)
-Nam, RGEO:66, 67
WHICH ya (known from the Arctic sentece and
attested with a plural
locative ending in Nam: yassen "which-in,
wherein". See
WHO concerning relative pronouns. Note: ya is probably
not used as a
question-word as in "which is it"?) -Nam, RGEO:66
WHINING miulë (mewing) -MIW
WHIRLPOOL hwindë -SWIN
WHISPER (vb) lussa-; WHISPERING SOUND lussë
-SLUS
WHITE ninquë (chill, pallid),
fána/fánë (prob. associated with the
whiteness of clouds, fanyar), lossë
(snow-white). -NIK-W-/GL:60/Silm:435 cf. WJ:417,
RGEO:69,
MC:221-223
WHAT IS mana -PM:395 (so "what" = ma?
man?)
WHO man (so in Nam and MC:222;
MC:221 one place has
men, but that is evidently an error, for man occurs
in the same
text. In FS and LR:59/63, man is translated "what".
Either Tolkien later
adjusted the meaning of the word, or man covers the
meaning of both
"who" and "what".) Note: this "who" is used only in questions.
The relative
pronoun "who, which, that" is i or ya: i
Eru i or ilyë
mahalmar ëa "the One who is above all thrones", i
carir quettar
ómainen "(those) who form words with voices". A
pronoun ya
*"which" is found in the "Arctic" sentence; yassen "in
which" in Nam
is evidently this pronoun + a plural locative ending.
-Nam/MC:222, WJ:391,
UT:305, 317, Arct
WHOEVER aiquen (if anybody) -WJ:372
WHOLE ilya (all), THE WHOLE ilúvë (the
All,
Allness, universe) -IL, Silm:433
WHOLLY aqua (fully, completely, altogether) -WJ:392
WIDE palla, landa; FAR AND WIDE palan;
THE WIDE
WORLD Palurin -PAL, LAD, Silm:435, LT1:264
WIELD turin ("I wield", 1. pers. aorist),
pa.t.
turnë (control, govern). WIELD A WEAPON mahta- (fight)
-TUR, MAK
WIFE vessë (In UT, indis is
translated "wife";
in Etym this word is glossed "bride".) -BES, UT:8 cf. NDIS
WILD verca, #hravan (only pl. hravani
is
attested; Hravani the "Wild" was used in Exilic Quenya to
designate Men
not belonging to the three houses of the Edain.) -BERÉK,
WJ:219
WILDERNESS ráva (Note: a homonym means
"riverbank")
-RAB
WILL (noun) *selma (þ) ("a
fixed idea,
will". In WJ:319, the word is given as Selma, but S
(th) would become s in the Noldorin
Quenya. Cf.
Sindë, sindë in WJ:384) -WJ:319
WILL NOT - I will not: vá (exclamation,
also
= Do not!); avan, ván, vanyë "I
won't",
avammë, vammë "we won't" -WJ:371
WILLOW-TREE tasar, tasarë (þ)
(probably obsoleting tasarin in LT2:346)
-TATHAR/Silm:438
WIND súrë (S?) (instrumental
form
súrinen is attested), súlimë (þ)
(also the name of the month of March), vaiwa, waiwa
(the latter is probably an older [MET] form); NOISE OF
WIND
sú, WINDY wanwavoitë (pl. wanwavoisi)
-MC:222 cf. 215, LT1:266, Nam/RGEO:66, WÂ, LT1:266
WIND UP telya- (transitive) (conclude,
finish)
-WJ:411
WINE miru, limpë (the drink of the
Valar, or of the
fairies). The word míruvórë, míruvor
is defined as "a special wine or cordial." -LT1:261, LIP,
LT1:258,
WJ:399
WING ráma (Pl. rámar and plural
instrumental form rámainen are attested. The form
#rámë, occurring in the ship-name
Eärrámë "Sea-Wing", evidently has a feminine
ending.)
HAVING WINGS rámavoitë, "WEST-WINGS" (the
name of
a ship) Númerrámar -RAM/LT2:335, MC:222,
Silm:295,
UT:175, 458
WINTER hrívë, (in early [TLT] material:)
Yelin, Hesin. (In the Calendar of
Imladris,
hrívë was a precisely defined period of 72 days, but the
word was also used without any exact definition.) Lasselanta
"leaf-fall"
could be used for the beginning of winter, but the usual
translation of this
word is "autumn". "WINTER ONE" Hescil (a title
of Nienna "who
breedeth winter", LT1:66, 255) -LotR:1141, 1145; LT1:255,
LT1:260
WISDOM nolwë (secret lore, obsoleting
nólemë in LT1:263), nólë (long study,
lore, knowledge) (In Etym these words, as well as nóla below,
are
spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng
had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the
system of LotR
and transcribe it accordingly. Nólë is so spelt also in
Silm:432. But if these words are written in Tengwar, the initial
n
should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not
númen.) WISE nóla (learned), saira,
istima (having knowledge, learned), iswa, isqua
-NGOL,
Silm:432, IS, SAY, LT2:339
WISH (vb) merë (3. pers. sg. aorist;
stem
#mer-, pa.t. mernë) (desire, want) -MER
WITCH (of the good magic) curuni -LT1:269
WITHER hesta-, WITHERED hessa (dead) -LT1:255
WITHIN mi (se
e IN) -MI
WIZARD istar (nom. pl. istari and
gen.pl. istarion
are attested), sairon, curuvar WIZARDRY
- in LT1:269,
curu is glossed "magic, wizardry", but in Etym the gloss
is simply
"skill". -LotR:1121, UT:388, cf. IS, SAY; LT1:269
WOLF ráca, narmo, WEREWOLF nauro;
WOLFHOWL
naulë (In Etym, narmo, nauro and naulë
are spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng.
Initial ng
had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the
system of LotR
and transcribe it accordingly. But if these words are written in
Tengwar, the
initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo,
not
númen.) -DARÁK, NGAR(A)M, NGAW
WOMAN nís (so in MR:213, Etym gives nis,
but
both sources agree that the pl is nissi.
An
alternative form of nís/nis is nissë,
clashing
with *nissë "in me". Writers should use the short sg
nís, as Tolkien himself does in MR:213); +ní
(female) -NDIS/NÎ/NIS, MR:213, NÎ, INI
WON'T see WILL NOT
WOOD - great wood: taurë (pl. tauri
is
attested) (forest), wood as material: tavar,
rough
piece of wood: runda, peace of shaped wood: pano,
smouldering wood (ember): yulmë (Note: yulmë
also means "drinking, carousal") firewood: turu ("firewood"
was the
proper meaning, but the word was used for "wood" in general); OF
WOOD
taurina, WOODEN turúva, WOODEN POST samna
(þ); WOODEN HALL ampano, WOODPECKER tambaro,
WOODLAND
tavas (LT1:261 also gives nan(d), but
this means
"valley" in mature Quenya.) -TÁWAR/Silm:438/MC:222 cf. 215, RUD,
PAN,
YUL, LT1:270, STAB, TAM, LT1:267
WOOF winda -LT1:254
WOOL tó (obsoleting oa in LT1:249;
GL:71 has
toa, but cf the following:) OF WOOL, WOOLEN toa
-TOW
WORD quetta (pl. quettar is
attested. LT2:348 gives
quent; this word is no doubt obsolete in mature Quenya.
GL:28 has
"qetta-") -Silm:436, WJ:391
WORLD Ambar (earth), THE WIDE WORLD Palurin.
(LT2
gives irmin "the world, all the regions inhabited by
Men"; this is
probably not a valid word in mature Quenya.) OF THE WORLD marda
(an adjective, *"wordly"); THE ENDING OF THE WORLD
Ambar-metta; "WORLD-ARTIFICER" Martamo (a title
of
Aulë) -LotR:1003 cf. MBAR; LT1:251, 264, LT2:343,
LT1:266
WORN yerna (old [of things]), colla
(pa.p. of
#col- "bear, *wear") (borne). Also used as a
noun = "vestment,
cloak". -GYER, MR:385
WORTH, WORTHY valda (dear) -GL:23
WOSE Rú, Rúatan (pl Rúatani
is given but seems perfectly regular) -UT:385
WOUND (vb) harna-; WOUNDED harna;
WOUND (noun)
harwë -SKAR
WRAP vaita- -LT1:271
WRATH ormë (haste, violence, rushing) -GOR,
KHOR
WREATHE ría (garland) -PM:347
WRIGHT s
amno (þ) (carpenter, builder)
-STAB
WRITE tece; WRITING tengwë (Note: a
homonym
means "indication, sign, token"; pl tengwi is attested);
WRITING
SYSTEM tencelë (spelling); WRITINGS parma (book)
-TEK cf.
WJ:394, 395, LT2:346
WRONG raica (crooked, bent) -RÁYAK
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YARD ranga (pl rangar is
attested). The basic
meaning of ranga was "full pace". This Númenórean linar
measure was "slightly longer than our yard, approximately 38
inches [= 96.5
cm]". -UT:285, 461
YAWN yanga-, #hac- (only attested as
participle:
hácala "yawning") -YAG, MC:222
YEAR loa (lit. "growth"), coranar (lit.
"sun-round",
used when the year was considered more or less astronomically -
but loa is stated to be the more usual word for "year").
"LONG-YEAR"
yén (pl. yéni is attested in Nam, obsoleting
Etym yeni). A "long-year" is a period of 144 solar
years, an Elvish
"century" - the Eldar used duodecimal counting, in which 144 is
the first
three-digit number, like our 100. But sometimes it seems that yén
simply means "year". Cf the following words: LAST YEAR
yenya,
HAVING MANY YEARS linyenwa (old), *RECKONING OF YEARS
Yénonótië -LotR:1141, YEN, MR:51
YELLOW malina, tulca (the latter
was adopted from
Valarin and used in Vanyarin Quenya only),YELLOW POWDER malo
(pollen), "YELLOW HAMMER" (yellow bird) ammalë,
ambalë, YELLOW WATER-LILY nénu -SMAL, WJ:399,
LT1:248
YOKE yanta (bridge), yaltë -YAT,
GL:37
YONDER (adj) enta; YONDER (interjection?)
en
(there, look!) -EN
YOU (pl. only; for sg "you", see THOU) The ending -lyë
may cover pl. as well as sg. "you". The reduced form -l may
be used on
an imperative: hecal! "you be gone!" [WJ:364] and
probably also as
object: *Utúvienyel, "I (-nye) have found you
(-l)". Perhaps -l can be used for plural "you" in
subject
postition as well, e.g. lendel, "you went". The
independent (emphatic)
word for "you, even you" as subject may be *elyë, while
object
"you" seems to be le (probably also used as a polite or
formal sg:
"thee"). YOUR -lya (possessive suffix, e.g. *aldalya
"your
tree" - assuming that -lyë is indeed pl. as well as sg.)
YOUNG nessa, vinya, cana; YOUTH
nésë (þ), nessë, laito/laisi
(vigour, new life); YOUTHFUL nessima -NETH, LR:25,
GL:37,
LT1:267
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ZIMRAPHEL Míriel -UT:224,
Silm:324
<> ZIMRATHÔN Hostamir
-UT:222
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