Diacritical Marks

and other site help

by Varda-(Valar) 
Oct. 3, 2010 with updates into Sept 2023 (now working on site repair)

Tolkien Site > Diacritical Marks

also:
Capitalizations

Diacritical Marks

Contents:

Diacritical Marks alone and only ASCII 2 (hex):

Word List

A:

B:

C:

D:

E:

F:

G:

H:

I:

J:

K:

L:

M:

N:

O:

P:

Q:

R:

S:

T:

U:

V:

W:

X:

Y:

Z:

For keyboard shortcuts:

How-to: Turn on the number pad (NumLock). Can test the Numpad to see if it's on by typing some numbers with it: 123. No numbers means hit the NumLock key to turn it on. Use the Alt key on the main keyboard. Keep it pressed down while typing the code number, nothing will show until the Alt key is no longer pressed. Don't need to hit Enter. The + below means to type the keys at the same time like musical chords on a piano: hold down the Alt key while typing 0169 Word has a list under Symbols/Insert to just insert for Word documents, sometimes useful. Preferred by websites seems to be the numbers starting in 0 which are called ASCII 2 (hex). These can be found on the internet listed without the 0 in front but doesn't make the same mark. Be sure to use the right character set or the website may deliver weird symbols. This charset typed into the head works most of the time but put it between the < and the > characters meta charset="utf-8" /
< > on either side of meta charset="UTF-8"


An upward slash is called an "acute". á
A downward slash is an "agave". à (Alt + 0224)
Two dots over the top is a "diaeresis". ä
A housetop is called a "circumflex". â

ð Lower eth is needed for the dh in Edhellos looking like a d with an x on top.
Alt + 0240 ð
https://sites.psu.edu/symbolcodes/languages/ancient/oenglish/

Capitalizations:

Capitals are used when referring to a whole racial group such as Dwarves, but otherwise not capitalized.
Silmaril is capitalized in the Rotk, Sil.

***************************************************************** a � � �
E e  � � � �    E e � � � �
I i � �   I i � �
O o � � � � � �    � � � � � �
U u � � �    U u � �
keyboard shortcuts

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A
Ad�naic
ai-m�nu
Akallab�th
Alqualond�
Amon D�n
Amon R�dh
Amon S�l (Sil index, RotK index. S�limo)
Anad�n�
An�rion
Ancalim� / Tar-Ancalim�   queen
Andr�g
And�ril
Ann�minas
Ar-Ad�nakh�r
Ar-Gimilz�r
Ar-Inzilad�n (changed his name later to Tar-Palantir)
Ar-Pharaz�n
Ar-Sakalth�r
Ar-Zimrath�n
Atalant�
Aul�
Avall�n�

B
Barad-d�r
B�ortnoth
Branda-n�n
Bralda-h�m
Bundushath�r

C
Celebr�an
C�rdan
Cuivi�nen

D
D�in
D�orwine
D�rhael
D�s
Dr�adain
Dr�adan Forest (timeline, index of places, "Many Partings" in RotK)/ Druadan Forest in RotK "Ride of the Rohirrim" by Elfhelm, but Dr�adan in the same chapter by Ghan.
D�nedain
D�nadan

E
E�
E�rendil
E�rendur
E�rnil
E�rnur
�l (means "star") in Sindarin, el means star in Quenya.
Elent�ri
Elenw�
E�l
�omer
�omund
E�nw� (Silmarillion)
�ored (RotK)
Eorl  (no diacritical)
Eorlingas (no diacritical)
�oth�od
�owyn
 Eress�a
Est�

F
F�anor
F�riel (three different people: the N�men�rean, wife of Finw�, and L�thien)
Fionw�
(Forodwaith no diacriticals)
 Fr�a
Fr�alaf
Fr�awine
Fr�r

G
 Gh�n-buri-gh�n
Gl�owine
Gl�in
gorg�n "orc-folk", italicized, used by Gh�n-buri-gh�n in RotK "The Ride of the Rohirrim"
Gr�ma
Grishn�kh
Gr�in
Gr�r
(Gundabad no diacriticals)

H
H�ma
Helcarax�
Henneth Ann�n
Herun�men
H�rin

I
Il�vatar
Ilmar�

J

K
Kement�ri
Khaz�d
Khazad-d�m
Kheled-z�ram
Kh�m
Kibil-n�la

L
L�rien
Lothl�rien
L�thien

M
Manw� S�limo
M�m
Mindon Eldali�ve
 M�riel, should have become Tar-M�riel but was usurped.
M�ru

N
N�in
N�li
N�mo
N�r
Nazg�l
Niel�qui
N�niel (Turin's name for Nienor when he didn't recognize her)
Nornor�
N�menor. Full Quenya is N�men(n)�r� or N�men�r�. Ad�naic form is Anad�n�. Westron form is Westernesse. Numenor is more properly called Numendor. After falling, it was called Akallab�th in Westron, Mar-nu-Falmar (no diacritical marks) or Atalant� in Quenyan; the last form gives the modern Atlantis.
N�menorean is the Westronized form from Quenyan N�men�r� and is used in RotK with no mark over the o.
N�men�rean with the marked � has Quenya influence and is used in the Silmarillion.

O
 �in
Oioloss�
Ol�rin
�mar
�nen
Orom�
Oss�

P
palant�r  (diacritical always, but see below for italics or capital inconsistencies by Aragorn.)
palant�ri
Palant�ri  (Sil index only, for capital)
Palantir  (RotK pg 960 Aragorn)
Palant�ri  (Sil pg 362 text)

To be consistent on this site: always italicize, always use the diacritical. Use a capital P when it is with the name of the place it belongs such as Minas Tirith but not with the person such as Isildur. I might be argued out of this if you have a good reason. In a direct quote, however, use exactly what is written in the book.
Below is what is actually found in the LotR and Sil:
The LotR's most common usage is diacritical, italicized, and lower case. Lower case and italics even for king's name. One time capitalized and no italics for tower name, but an earlier time by the same Aragorn lower case and italicized for the tower. / Sil usage very low, one in text cap with no italics, and one in the index cap with italics.
     LotR TT "The Palant�r" pg 580: Aragorn says "palant�r of Orthanc" on same page as Gandalf calls it the Orthanc-stone. (But see RotK pg 960.)
    (continued): LotR TT pg 583: Gandalf says "...the palant�ri of the Kings of Old,". "The palant�ri  came from..." "...the fate of the palant�ri  of Gondor in its ruinous wars." (That was plural for several in that area.)
    (cont.): pg 584: Gandalf says "Each palant�r replied to each, but...". "...the palant�r of that tower..."
    *LotR RotK "Many Partings" pg 960: Aragorn says "...but the Palant�r of Orthanc the King will keep..." (But see TT pg 580.)
    LotR RotK App A pg 1018: "...with him the palant�ri were buried in the sea."
    LotR RotK App A "The Stewards" pg 1031: "...when the palant�r of Isildur came into...". "...the palant�r of Anarion...".
    LotR RotK index pg 1135: heading word has no cap but is italicized palant�r singular, palant�ri plural. Not italicized in the notes under that italicized heading, notes also not capitalized under palantir of Isildur and other named ones but is italicized in the text and shows palant�r of Isildur in the Appendix text it refers to, therefore index notes not reliable for italics even though it shows italicized in the heading.
    #
    Sil "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age" pg 362: text: "They were called the Palant�ri, those that...". (No italics, instead has capital.)
    Sil index heading pg 431: The index heading shows Palant�ri . Not mentioned in index text, just pg numbers. (Italics plus capital.)
Pel�ri
P�kel-men

Q

R
R�na
Rath D�nen
Rh�n
Ringl� Vale
R�mendacil
R�menna
R�mil

S
S�ri
Silmari�n
Sm�agol
S�limo
Symbelmyn�

T
Tar-Ancalim� / Ancalim�    queen
Tar-An�rion
Tar-S�rion
Tar-Telemmait�
Tar-Telperi�n   queen
Tar-Vanimeld�   queen
Th�oden
Th�odred
Thr�in
Thr�r
Tin�viel
T�na
T�rin Turambar

U
Ud�n  (no diacritials on Utumno)
Ugl�k
�manyar
und�m�  (� is in the RotK appendix text, but not in the RotK index)
Und�miel
�rion

V
 Vair�
Valar�ma
V�na
vanim�lion

W

X

Y

Z

top

Capitalizations:
Elf, Elves capitalized in the Return of the King and the Silmarillion as a race.
Hobbit, Hobbits capitalized in the Rotk as a race.
Man, Men capitalized in the RotK and Sil as a race.
Orc, Orcs capitalized in the Rotk and Sil as a race.
Silmaril is capitalized in the Rotk, Sil; Silmarils in the Sil.

Check:
Azanulbizar / Nanduhirion no marks. LotR App A III p 1045, 1047, 1048ff
Azog no mark. LotR App A III p 1048ff text and footnote
Bolg no mark. LotR App A III p 1048 footnote. 1052 text.
Borin no mark. LotR app 1054, not in index
D�s has mark. LotR app A III, not index. Footnote p 1050. Text D�s p 1053
Farin no mark. RotK 1054, not index
Fili no mark Hobbit. F�li mark RotK 1054.
Frerin no mark. RotK App A III p1048
Fr�r mark. RotK 1046
Fundin no mark. RotK App A III p1048
Gamil Zirak no mark. Children of Hurin
Gr�in mark 1054
Gr�r has mark. RotK App A III p 1046, 1049
Ibun no mark Sil. no mark CoH
Kh�m
Kili no mark Hobbit. K�li mark RotK 1054.
Loni Fellowship not index
M�m mark Sil
N�li has mark RotK index
N�r has mark LotR app A Part III with Thr�r p 1047, 1048
Narvi no mark RotK index. no mark FotR 2.4 "A Journey in the Dark"
Nori ok RotK index
�in mark RotK A II. mark RotK index. Oin no mark H
Ori no mark RotK index, no mark H
Telchar ok CoH

CoH index checked
Sil index checked
RotK index checked
RotK App A III has a lot of dwarf names and places.

Baruk Khaz�d! Khaz�d ai-m�nu!
Khaz�d! Khaz�d!
Khaz�d ai-m�nu!


<a title="Father"><i>Ada</i></a>

<i title="Farewell">Namarie</i>



Symbols using the keyboard how-to:

Turn on the number pad (NumLock). Can test by typing some numbers using it: 123. No numbers means hit the NumLock key to turn it on.
Use the Alt key on the main keyboard. Keep it pressed down while typing the code number, nothing will show until the Alt key is no longer pressed. Don't need to hit Enter.
The + below just means to do the keys together, as in hold down the Alt key while typing 0169
Word has a list under Symbols/Insert to just insert.


Keyboard shortcuts for Tolkien-related words:
The enlarged font is added at the end of the line for my older eyes to be able to make out the symbol clearly. More than one code exists for the same letter/symbol: ASCII 2 (hex) has the 0 start, found in Word.
Alt + 0235   ë


Alt + 8324   ä

Alt + 0228   ä
Alt + 0225   á
Alt + 0226   â
Alt + 8323   â

� � � �

Alt + 0235   ë   ASCII 2 (hex)  Diaresis/ Umlaut
Alt + 8329   ë   also Diaeresis / Umlaut
Alt + 0201   É   Acute
Alt + 8336   É   also Acute
Alt + 0233   é   Acute
Alt + 8322   é   also Acute
Alt + 0234   ê   Circumflex/ housetop
Alt + 8328   ê   also Circumflex / housetop

� �

Alt + 0237   í  
Alt + 0238    î  
Alt + 8332   î  
Alt + 0205 Í

� � � � � �

Alt + 0211   Ó   (capital)
Alt + 0243   ó    (lower case)
Alt + 0214   Ö    (capital)
Alt + 0246   ö   (lower case)
Alt + 0212   Ô   (capital)
Alt + 0244   ô    (lower case)

� � �

Alt + 0218   Ú   Ú
Alt + 0219 Û Alt + 0250   ú    ú
Alt + 0251   û    û

Below is playing around, so feel free to ignore.

Digging through numbers like a dwarf, hunting patterns:

Alt + 8313   y
Alt + 8314   z
Alt + 8315   {
Alt + 8316   |
Alt + 8317   }
Alt + 8318   ~
Alt + 8319  ⌂⌂
Alt + 8320   Ç
Alt + 8321   ü
Alt + 8322   é
Alt + 8323   â
Alt + 8324   ä
Alt + 8325   à
Alt + 8328   ê
Alt + 8329   ë
Alt + 8330   è  (grave)
Alt + 8331   ï
Alt + 8332   î
Alt + 8333   ì
Alt + 8334   Ä
Alt + 8335   Å
Alt + 8336   É
Alt + 8337 Q
Alt + 8338 Æ
Alt + 8339 Ô
Alt + 8340 Ö
Alt + 8341 ò
Alt + 8342 û
Alt + 8343 ù
Alt + 8344 ÿ
Alt + 8345 Ö
Alt + 8346 Ü
Alt + 8347 ¢
Alt + 8348 £

Nifty letters unrelated to Tolkienesque letters:

Alt + 8320   Ç
Alt + 8325   à    (Middle-earth doesn't lean this way.)
Alt + 8326   å
Alt + 8327   ç

Nifty symbols mostly unrelated to Middle-earth:

Alt + 0153   ™
Alt + 0169   ©
Alt + 0174   ®

Alt + 0161   ¡
Alt + 0191   ¿
Alt + 0182   ¶

Alt + 8316   |
Alt + 0176   °
Alt + 0162   ¢
Alt + 0215   ×
Alt + 0177   ±
Alt + 0188   ¼
Alt + 0189   ½
Alt + 0190   ¾
Alt + 8318   ~
Alt + 8721   ◄     (auto sum)
Alt + 251     √     (square root check mark)
Alt + 24       ↑
Alt + 25       ↓
Alt + 26       →
Alt + 27      ←
Alt + 18      ↕
Alt + 29     ↔

Alt + 1        ☺
Alt + 2        ☻
Alt + 3         ♥
Alt + 4         ♦
Alt + 5         ♣
Alt + 6         ♠
Alt + 11       ♂
Alt + 12       ♀
Alt + 13        ♪
Alt + 14       ♫
Alt + 15       ☼
Alt + 8319   ⌂
Alt + 221      ▌

Nifty symbols found by accident that can be typed more easily on the keyboard, repeats, enough to see some patterns:

Alt + 0125   }
Alt + 8317   }  
Alt + 8315   {
Alt + 0124   |
Alt + 8316   |
Alt + 8318   ~
Alt + 0126   ~
Alt + 8236   ,
Alt + 8326  å
Alt + 83      S
Alt + 84      T
Alt + 85      U
Alt + 8311   w
Alt + 0119   w
Alt + 8312   x
Alt + 0120   x
Alt + 8313   y
Alt + 0121   y
Alt + 8314   z
Alt + 0122   z