Tolkien Encyclopedia > Languages> Quenya to English Wordlist > English to Quenya Wordlist > Beren's Blog
Quettaparma Quenyanna
English to Quenya Elvish Wordlist
Version 1.3
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED: + = poetic or archaic
word
(e.g. +él "star", elen being the ordinary word) or a
poetic or archaic meaning of an ordinary word (e.g. russë
"corruscation, +swordblade"), * = unattested form, ** = wrong form, # = word
that is only attested in a compound or in an inflected form (e.g. #apa,
#Apanóna; see AFTER below), TLT = Tolkien's lifetime (by some
called "Real Time", as opposed to:) MET = Middle-Earth Time (or rather Arda
Time, since Quenya originated in the Blessed Realm), LotR = The Lord of the
Rings (HarperCollinsPublishers, one-volume edition of 1991), Silm =
The Silmarillion (HarperCollinsPublishers 1994), MC = The
Monsters and the Critics and other Essays, MR = Morgoth's Ring, LR =
The Lost Road, Etym = The Etymologies (in LR:347-400), FS
= Fíriel's Song (in LR:72), RGEO = The Road Goes Ever On
(Second Edition), WJ = The War of the Jewels, PM = The Peoples of
Middle-earth, Letters = The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien, LT1 =
The Book of Lost Tales 1, LT2 = The Book of Lost Tales
2, Nam = Namárië (in LotR:398), Arct =
"Arctic" sentence (in The Father Christmas Letters), GL =
Gnomish Lexicon (in Parma Eldalamberon #11 - references are
selective), vb = verb, adj = adjective, interj = interjection, pa.t. = past
tense, fut = future tense, perf = perfect tense, freq = frequentative form, inf
= infinitive, gen = genitive, pl = plural form, sg = singular form. The
spelling used in this wordlist is regularized (c for k except in
a few names, x for ks, long vowels marked with accents rather
than macrons or circumflexes; the diaeresis is used as in LotR). When
s in a word represents earlier þ (th as
in "thing")
and it should be spelt with the letter súlë instead of
silmë in Tengwar writing (though Tolkien himself sometimes ignored
or forgot this), this is indicated by (þ) immediately following the word
in question (e.g. sanda (þ), sanya- (þ); see ABIDE,
ABIDING below).
A, AN (indefinite article) - no Quenya equivalent.
Elen "star" may thus also be translated "a star" (LotR:94). The absence
of the definite article i "the" usually indicates that the noun is
indefinite (though there are exceptions - see THE). ABANDON hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is given but seems
perfectly regular) (put aside, leave out, exclude, forsake)
-WJ:365 ABHOR feuya-; THE ABHORRED Sauron (þ)
-PHEW, Silm:418 ABIDE mar- (be settled of fixed) (fut. #maruva is
attested: maruvan "I will abide"); ABIDE BY himya-
(cleave to, stick to); ABIDING sanda (þ) (firm,
true); LAW-ABIDING sanya (þ) (regular, normal)
-UT:317/LotR:1003, KHIM, STAN ABUNDANCE úvë; ABUNDANT
úvëa (in a very great number), alya (rich, blessed,
prosperous) -UB, GALA ABYSS undumë -MC:222 cf. 215 ACCOUNT (noun) quentalë (history), lúmequenta
(chronological account, history) -KWET, LU ACROSS arta (athwart) (Note: arta also means "fort,
fortress") -LT2:335 ACTOR tyaro (agent, doer) -KYAR ACTUAL anwa (real, true) -ANA ACUTE tereva (fine, piercing); ACUTE, ACUTENESS laicë
(keen, sharp, *piercing) (Laicë prob. obsoletes laica
in LT2:337) -TER, LAIK ADHERING himba (sticking) -KHIM ADMIRAL ciryatur (only attested as the personal name
Ciryatur of an admiral, but the word means *"ship-ruler") -UT:239 ADULT (adj) vëa (manly, vigorous); ADULT MAN
vëaner; ADULT MALE nér (pl neri) (man)
-WEG, DER ADÛNAKHOR Herunúmen -UT:222, Silm:322 AEGNOR Aicanáro (so in Silm:435 and PM:345; MR:323
has Aicanár) (Sharp Flame, Fell Fire) AFTER #apa (only attested in compounds like Apanónar,
see below), #ep- (used in compounds when the second part of the
compound begins with a vowel, only attested in epessë "after-name"
- see NICKNAME.) THE AFTER-BORN Apanónar
(sg #Apanóna) (i.e., an Elvish name of Men, according to
WJ:387 "a word of lore, not used in daily speech")
-Silm:122/WJ:387, UT:266 AGAIN ata; AGAIN (prefix) en-, (prefix)
at-, ata- (back-, re-) (AT[AT]) AGE randa (cycle) -RAD AGENT tyaro (actor, doer) -KAR AGILE tyelca (swift) -KYELEK AGO yá -YA<
DD> AGONY qualmë (death), unqualë (death)
-KWAL AH (interj.) ai (alas) Ai! laurië lantar lassi Ah!
golden fall the leaves (Nam) AIR vista (= air as substance); lindë (tune, song,
singing); vilya older [MET] wilya (sky); vilma
(lower air) (perhaps changed to vista, but vilma was not
struck out in Etym); PUFF OF AIR hwesta (breeze,
breath); UPPER AIRS AND CLOUDS fanyarë (skies), AIRY
vilin (breezy) -WIS, LIN, WIL/LT1:273, SWES/LotR:1157, MC:223,
LT1:273 ALAS (interj.) ai (ah) (Etym also gives a word
nai, but this clashes with nai "be it that" in
Namárië.) -Nam/RGEO:66, NAY ALIVE cuina; BEING ALIVE (noun not adj) cuilë
(life) (LT1:257 gives coina, coirëa.)
-KUY ALL ilya (the whole) (Note: ilya becomes ilyë
before a plural noun: ilyë tier "all paths");
ALLNESS, THE ALL ilúvë
(the whole), ALL THAT IS WANTED fárë (plenitude,
sufficiency) -IL, Nam cf. RGEO:67, Silm:433/WJ:402, PHAR ALLOW lav- (yield, grant); NOT ALLOW TO CONTINUE nuhta-
(stunt, prevent from coming to completion, stop short) -DAB,
WJ:413 ALONE er (one, alone, only, but, still), eressë
(singly, only, also as noun: solitude) -ERE, LT1:269 ALPHABET tengwanda -TEK ALTOGETHER aqua (fully, completely, wholly) -WJ:392 *AMANIAN (only translated "of Aman"
by Tolkien) amanya.
Cf. also Úmanyar, Úamanyar, Alamanyar "those
not of Aman" (the Elves who started on the march from Cuiviénen but
did not reach Aman; contrast the Avamanyar, another name of the
Avari.) -WJ:411, 373, 370, MR:163 AMLOTH *Ambalotsë (Tolkien asterisked the word because
it was not attested, only a possible Quenya form of Amloth. See
"UPRISING-FLOWER".) -WJ:318 AMRAS Telufinwë (meaning "Last Finwë", not the
equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name. The short form of his name was
Telvo *"Last One". His mother-name [q.v.] was Ambarussa, but this
name was not used in narrative.) -PM:353 AMROD Pityafinwë (meaning "Little Finwë", not the
equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name. The short form of his name was
Pityo *"Little One". His mother-name [q.v.] was Ambarto, or
Umbarto, but these names were not used in narrative.) -PM:353 AN see A ANCIENT yára (belonging to or descending from former
times) -YA AND ar (possibly a before f [and
v?]: eldain a fírimoin "for elves and men" [FS], cf. a
valmarion "and of those of Valmar" [from "Antatye Voronwi" by C. Gilson,
Vinyar Tengwar #31 p. 10]) (In Sauron Defeated p. ii, o is translated
"and", but LotR, Silm and Etym all agree that the Quenya word for "and" is
ar.) AND YET a-nanta/ananta (but yet) -AR/Nam/FS,
NDAN ANGBAND Angamando (Iron-gaol) (so in MR:350 and Silm:428;
Etym has Angamanda) -MR:350, Silm:428, MBAD ANGELIC POWER Vala (pl. Valar or Vali, gen.
pl. Valion is attested in Fíriel's Song); ANGELIC SPIRIT
Ainu, f. Aini (holy one, god) -LotR:1157/BAL/FS, AYAN,
LT1:248 ANGELN (island in the Danish peninsula) Eriollo
-LT1:252 ANGROD Angaráto -Silm:428 ANIMAL #kelva (only pl. kelvar is attested,
translated "animals, living things that move" in Silm appendix
and WJ:341); laman (pl. lamni or lamani) ("usually
only applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles and birds"); MALE
ANIMAL hanu (male) -Silm:52/53,/405:3AN, WJ:416 ANYBODY - if anybody: aiquen (whoever) -WJ:372 APRIL Víressë -LotR:1144/1146 AR-ADÛNAKHOR Tar-Herunúmen -UT:222,
Silm:322 AR-BELZAGAR Tar-Calmacil -UT:222 AR-GIMILZÔR Tar-Telemnar -UT:223 AR-INZILADÛN Tar-Palantir -UT:223,
Silm:324 AR-PHARAZÔN Tar-Calion -UT:224, Silm:324 AR-SAKALTHÔR Tar-Falassion -UT:223 AR-ZIMRAPHEL Tar-Míriel -UT:224,
Silm:324 AR-ZIMRATHÔN Tar-Hostamir -UT:222 ARCTURUS (a star) Morwinyon (said to mean "the glint
at dusk" or "glint in the dark") -LT1:260 ARE see BE ARGON Aracáno -PM:345 ARM ranco (pl ranqui) (LT2:335 gives rá
[there spelt râ], but this word is certainly obsolete: In
Etym, rá is glossed "lion".) -RAK ARMY hossë (band, troop) -LT2:340 ARNOR Arnanor, Arnanórë ("royal land")
-Letters:428 ARROW pilin (pl pilindi) -PÍLIM ART Carmë (making, production) -UT:396 ARTIFICIAL CAVE hróta (dwelling underground, rockhewn
hall) -PM:365 AS (prep) ve (like) -Nam/RGEO:66, 67 ASCENT rosta, ASCENSION orosta -LT1:267, 256 ASGARD Valinor, Valinórë (Tolkien
actually uses this gloss of Valinor, as Asgard is the City of the Gods
in Norse mythology) -LT1:272 ASIDE - stand aside! heca! - also with pronominal
affixes: sg hecat, pl hecal "you stay aside!" (be gone!) LEAVING
ASIDE hequa (not counting, excluding, except) -WJ:364, 365 *ASK #maquet- (only pa.t. maquentë is attested.
The word is not translated, but undoubtedly means "asked": 'Mana i-coimas
in-Eldaron?' maquentë Elendil [PM:403]. The question itself is
translated "What is the coimas of the Eldar?", so the rest must be
"Elendil asked". Furthermore, maquentë is transparently
quentë "said" with the interrogative element ma [PM:357]
prefixed.) ASLEEP lorna -LOS ASSEMBLE hosta- (gather, collect) -MC:223 ASSOCIATE otorno (sworn brother) osellë (þ)
(sworn sister) -TOR, THEL ASTRONOMER meneldil -Letters:386 ATHWART arta (across) (Note: arta also means "fort,
fortress"); GO ATHWART tara- (cross) -LT2:335, 347 AUGER teret (gimlet) -LT1:255 AUGUST Urimë (so in LotR; UT has
Úrimë) -LotR:1144, UT:302/470 AUTHORITY Máhan (pl Máhani is given, but seems
perfectly regular). Tolkien once stated that Valar should strictly be
translated "the Authorities" (MR:350), but Vala obviously cannot be used
to translate "authority" in general; it was used only of the Valar themselves
(WJ:404). Cf. also adj. valya "having (divine) authority or power".
Máhani was adopted from Valarin and originally probably referred
to the Valar themselves. We are not told whether Máhan could or
should be applied to a non-divine authority (at least it should not be
capitalized if so used). Note: Máhan means *"Supreme One" rather
than "authority" as an abstract. -MR:350, BAL, WJ:399/402 AUTUMN yávië (harvest - in the Calendar of
Imladris, yávië was a precisely defined period of 54 days,
but the word was also used without any exact definition), lasselanta
("leaf-fall", used of the beginning of winter or as a synonym of
quellë; see FADING. Also spelt lasse-lanta with a
hyphen), narquelion ("fire-fading" - this word from
Fíriel's Song and Etym seems to correspond to
narquelië in LotR, but the latter is the name of the
month corresponding to our October.) LT1:273 has yávan "autumn,
harvest", but this word may be obsoleted by yávië.
-LotR:1142, 1144, 1145/Silm:439/LT1:254, DAT, FS, NAR/KWAL, Letters:382 AVENUE OF TREES aldëon -LT1:249 AWAKE coiva- (so in LT1:257; read *cuiva- in mature
Quenya? Cf. the following:) AWAKENING (noun) cuivië
(obsoleting coivië in LT1:257), cuivë; AWAKENING
(adj) cuivëa -KUY/Silm:429 AWAY oa, oar (viewed from the point of view of the
thing, person, or place left). See also GO AWAY. -WJ:366 cf. 361 AWNING teltassë -GL:70 AXE pelecco -LT2:346top
BABE lapsë -LAP BACK - LT2:338 mentions a Gnomish word alm, said to mean
"the broad of the back from shoulder to shoulder, back, shoulders". It is
stated that the "Qenya" cognate of this Gnomish word occurs in the name
Aikaldamor - i.e., #aldamo or #aldamor? But this is hardly
a valid word in mature Quenya. BACK- (prefix) at-, ata- (re-, again-); THOSE WHO GO
BACK Nandor (Elves that left the March from Cuiviénen)
-AT(AT), WJ:384 BACKWARDS nan- (prefix?) -MBAS BAD - Gnomish fêg is so glossed in GL:34, and this is
equated with Q faica, glossed "contemptible, mean" under
SPAY. BAKE masta- -MBAS BALE OUT calpa- (draw water, scoop out) -KALPA BALL coron -KOR BALROG Valarauko (pl. Valaraukar)
(so in the
Silmarillion - in Etym the Quenya form of Sindarin balrog is
malarauco, while LT1:250 gives Malcaraucë) -Silm:35/425/439,
RUK BAND nossë (army, troop) -LT2:340 BANK (esp. of river) ráva
-RAMBÁ BARK - Tolkien originally thought that parma "book" really
meant "skin, bark; parchment", with "book, writings" as the secondary meaning.
But in Etym parma is derived from a stem meaning "compose, put
together", obsoleting the old etymology. -LT2:346, contrast PAR BASE sundo (root, root-word) (pl. #sundar, isolated
from Tarmasundar in UT:166), talan (talam-) (floor,
ground), talma (foundation, root); BASE-STRUCTURE
sundocarmë -SUD, WJ:319, TALAM, TAL, LT:343 BATTER palpa- (beat) -PALAP BAY (small and landlocked) hópa (haven, harbour)
-KHOP BE The only forms of the verb "to be" in the published corpus are
ná "is" , nar "are", and nai "be it that"
(mistranslated "maybe" in LotR). The word ëa is variously
translated "is", "it is", "let it be". Fíriel's Song contains a word
ye "is", but ye may be obsolete in mature Quenya. For "was", some
writers have used né, pl. ("were") ner. Cf. also uin
and umin "I do not, am not" (1. pers. aorist), pa.t.
úmë. -Nam/RGEO:67, An Introduction to Elvish:5, Silm:21/391,
FS, UGU/UMU BE GONE! heca! - also with pronominal affixes: sg hecat,
pl hecal "you be gone!" (stand aside!) -WJ:364 BEACH falas (falass-), falassë (shore, line
of surf), falas, hresta (ablative hrestallo is
attested) -LT1:253, Silm:431, PHAL/LT2:339, MC:221/222/223 BEAR (vb) #col- (verb stem isolated from
#colindo "bearer". Cf. mel- "to love", melindo "lover".
#Col- can also be translated *"wear" [of clothes], cf. the past
participle colla "borne, worn".) BEAR FRUIT yavin (which
must mean *"I bear fruit", stem #yav-. Tolkien often employs the 1.
person aorist when mentioning a verb in his wordlists.) -LotR:989, cf.
Letters:308 and MEL, MR:385, LT1:273 BEAR (noun) morco -MORÓK BEARD fanga (obsoleting vanga in GL:21; GL:34 has
fangë "long beard", while GL:63 gives poa. Use
fanga.) -SPÁNAG BEARER #colindo (only attested in the pl compound
cormacolindor "Ring-bearers") -LotR:989, cf. Letters:308 BEAT palpa- (batter) -PALAP BEAUTIFUL vanya (Note: a homonym means "disappear"),
linda, calwa, vanima (nominal pl vanimar
"beautiful ones" and partitive plural genitive vanimálion are
attested) (fair, proper, right). According to MR:49, Maiar means
"the Beautiful", but in Quenya this is the name of an order of spirits and
cannot be used as a general adjective. BEAUTY vanessë -BAN,
SLIN, LT1:254, LotR:1017 cf. Letters:308, LT1:272, MR:49 BED caima; BEDCHAMBER caimasan (þ)
(pl. caimasambi); BEDRIDDEN caimassë, caimassëa
(sick); LYING IN BED (noun) caila (sickness) -KAY,
STAB BEE nier (honey-bee), nion -GL:60 BEECH feren, fernë (pl. ferni in
both cases) (LT2:343 gives neldor "beech"; this word may be obsolete in
mature Quenya.) -PHER BEECHEN ferinya -PHÉREN BEGET nosta- (also glossed "give birth"), onta-
(pa.t. ónë or ontanë); BEGETTER
#nostar (see note), ontaro (m.), ontarë
(f.) (parent). (In LotR, the form nostari "begetters,
parents" occurs; sg #nostar. Nostari was changed from
ontari in Tolkien's first draft [see SD:73], so he may have scrapped
ontaro, ontarë in favour of #nostar [or m.
*nostaro, f. *nostarë???] Did he also reject the verb
onta- in favour of nosta-?) -SD:73, ONO, LotR:1017 cf.
Letters:308 BEGINNING *yessë (Corrected from the actual reading
esse, derived from a stem that was marked with a query by Tolkien
because esse also = name. Evidence from LotR indicates that he decided
to change the stem in question from ESE to *YESE, thus
eliminating this homophony: In LotR:1142 we find yestarë,
apparently meaning *"first-day" - it is not translated, but it was the name of
the first day of the year and ré means "day". In Etym [stem
ESE] the word for "first" was esta. So for esta
"first", esse "beginning" and essea "?primary" [gloss
illegible], we should evidently read *yesta, *yessë and
yessëa.) -ESE/ESET BEGOTTEN - see FIRST-BEGOTTEN. BEHOLD cen- (see) (future tense cenuva is
attested) -MC:222 BEING ëala (spirit).Pl. ëalar is attested.
Eälar are spirits whose natural state it is to exist without a
physical body, e.g. Balrogs. -MR:165 BEING ALIVE (noun) cuilë -KUY BELEGOST Túrosto (Mickleburg) -WJ:389 BELERIAND Hecelmar, Heceldamar (lit. *"home of the
Eglath", q.v.) This is said to be the name for Beleriand used "in the language
of the loremasters of Aman". The cognate of Sindarin "Beleriand" is
#Valariandë; only the form Valarianden is attested (a
genitive formation from an earlier "Qenya" variant; in mature Quenya it would
be a dative). The latter may be the name used in Exilic Quenya. Beleriand was
also called Ingolondë "Land of the Gnomes [Noldor]". -WJ:365,
LR:202, ÑGOLOD BELL nyellë -NYEL BELLIED #cumba (isolated from sauricumba
"foulbellied"). This adjective may point to *cumbo or something
similar as the likely word for "belly". -SD:68, 72 BELOVED melda (dear). Cf. nessamelda, *"beloved of
Nessa", a flagrant evergreen tree brought to Númenor by the Eldar.
-MEL, UT:456 BELZAGAR Calmacil -UT:222 BEND #cúna- (derived from the adj. cúna
"bent"; see MC:223. In menel acúna "the heavens bending" the
word is used intransitively.) -MC:222/223 cf. 215 BENEATH undu (down, under) -UNU BENT cúna (curved; cúna is also used as
a verbal stem, see BEND), raica (crooked, wrong), cauca
(crooked, humped), sara (þ) (stiff dry grass)
-MC:223, RAYAK, LT1:257, STAR BERRY piucca -GL:64 (glossed "blackberry" in LT2:347) BESIDE ara, also ar- as prefix. -AR BETWEEN imbë -Nam/RGEO:67
BEYOND pella (a postposition in Quenya:
Andúnë pella "beyond the West", elenillor pella "from
beyond the stars") -Nam, MC:222 BIER tulma -LT1:270 BIG DIPPER see SICKLE OF THE VALAR. BIPED #attalya (Only pl Attalyar is attested.
The word was used of the Petty-dwarves, q.v.) -WJ:389 BIRD aiwë, filit (pl filici)
(Note: both aiwë and filit are stated to mean "small
bird", not "bird" in general), ambalë, ammalë (=
yellow bird), lindo (= "singer", singing bird). LT1:273 also has
wilin; this may or may not be a valid word in mature Quenya.
-AIWÊ, PHILIK, SMAL, LIN BIRTH, BIRTHDAY nosta; GIVE BIRTH nosta- (but in
later sources, nosta- is glossed "beget", q.v.) -LT1:272 BITE (vb) nac- BITE (noun) nahta
-NAK BITTER sára -SAG BLACK morë (in compounds mori-, e.g.
Moriquendi), morna, morqua; BLACKNESS
mórë (night); BLACKHANDED morimaitë, BLACKBERRY
piucca (only "berry" in GL:64); BLACK FOE Moringotto (the
oldest [MET] form was Moriñgotho) (Morgoth) -MOR, LT1:260,
LotR:1015/SD:68, 72, LT2:347, MR:194 BLADE hyanda (share), (sword blade:) +russë
(corruscation) -LT2:342, RUS BLAZE urya- (The stem this word is derived from was struck out in
Etym. However, several words that must be derived from the same stem occur in
LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored it.) BLAZING HOT úrin
(Úrin also being a name of the Sun) -UR,
LT1:271 BLESS laita- (praise) (Imperative a laita and fut
#laituva are attested, the latter with pronominal endings:
laituvalmet, "we shall praise [or bless] them".) BLESSED
alya, almárëa (prosperous, rich, abundant),
herenya (wealthy, fortunate, rich), aman ("blessed, free from
evil" - Aman was "chiefly used as the name of the land where the Valar
dwelt." [WJ:399]. BLESSED BEING Manwë (the King of the
Valar); BLESSEDNESS vald- (so in LT1:272; nom. sg. must be either
*val or *valdë) (happiness), "BLESSINGS", BLESSEDNESS,
BLISS almië, almarë; FINAL BLISS manar, mandë
(doom, final end, fate, fortune) -LotR:989 cf Letters:308; GAL, KHER,
Letters:283, LT1:272, MAN/MANAD BLIGHT yaru (gloom) -GL:37 BLINK tihta- (peer) -MC:223 BLOCK tápë (3 pers sg aorist), pa.t. tampë
-TAP BLOOD sercë (so according to Silm appendix; Etym has
yár [yar-]) -Silm:437, YAR BLOSSOM (white) lossë, ("of flowers in bunches or
clusters":) *lohtë (corrected from the actual reading
loktë because Tolkien later decided that kt became ht
in Quenya.) -LOT, LT1:258 BLOT motto -MBOTH BLUE luin, #luinë (pl. luini in Nam; Etym
and LT1:262 has lúnë), ninwa, ulban
(adopted from Valarin; only used in Vanyarin Quenya), PALE
BLUE helwa -Nam/LT2:340, LT1:262, LUG, WJ:399, 3EL BOAT luntë; SMALL BOAT venë (vessel, dish) -LUT,
LT1:254 BODY hroa (In MR:330, Tolkien notes that hroa is
"roughly but not exactly equivalent to 'body'" [as opposed to "soul"]. Hroa
is also used = "physical matter"), DEAD BODY loico (corpse);
BODILY sarcuva (corporeal) -MR:216, 219; MC:223, LT2:347 BOLD verya, canya BOLDNESS verië -BER,
KAN BOLSTER nirwa (cushion) -NID BOND nútë (knot), vérë (troth, compact,
oath) Pl. probably *vérer, *núter not
*véri, *núti; cf. the similar formation
tyávë "taste", pl tyáver. -NUT, WED BONE axo (pl axor is attested) -MC:222,
223 BOOK parma (writings); BOOK LANGUAGE (=Quenya)
parmalambë -PAR/UT:219, 460, LT2:346 BORDER réna (edge, margin); ríma (edge,
hem) -REG, Rî BORN #nóna (isolated from Apanónar, the
"Afterborn") -Silm:122/381 BORNE colla (pa.p. of col- "bear") (worn).
Also used as a noun = "vestment, cloak". -MR:385 BOSOM palúrë (surface, bosom of earth),
súma (hollow cavity) -PAL, MC:223 BOSS OF SHIELD tolmen (isolated round hill) -LT1:269 BOTH yúyo -YÛ BOUND nauta (obliged) -NUT BOW (vb
) cawin ("I bow", 1. pers. aorist); BOW (noun)
quinga, cú (also = crescent Moon),
lúva, cúnë (crescent); RAINBOW
helyanwë ("sky-bridge"), Ilweran, Ilweranta
(LT2:348 has iluquinga "sky-bow", but this word was obsoleted when
Tolkien changed the meaning of ilu from "sky" to "universe".)
BOWLEGGED quingatelco (So it is translated, but this must really
be a noun: "bow-leg" [quinga + telco]. No Quenya adjectives end in
-o, unless this is the only one. Read *quingatelca for
"bow-legged"? Cf. one of the other words from the same source,
sincahonda, changed from sincahondo in an earlier draft - but at
that time Tolkien had already omitted quingatelco and hence did not
change its ending: See SD:72.) -LT1:257, SD 68, 72, KWIG, KU3, LT1:256,
LotR:1154, LT1:271 BOWL fion (goblet), #salpë (isolated from
tanyasalpë "Bowl of Fire") -LT1:253, 292 BRANCH olwa -GÓLOB BRAND yulma (Note: a homonym means "cup".) -YUL cf.
Nam BREAD masta; LIFE-BREAD (= lembas) coimas
(prob. *coimast-, cf. masta "bread") -MBAS, Silm:406/429
BREAK (vb) rac- (past participle rácina
"broken" is attested); BREAK APART terhat- (pa.t.
terhantë); BREAK ASUNDER hat- (pa.t.
hantë) -MC:223, SKAT BREATH (noun) hwesta (breeze, puff of air),
súlë (þ) (spirit) (earlier [MET] form
thúlë = Súlë ; BREATH
(vb) súya- (þ); BREATHER Súlimo
(þ) (a title of Manwë; this is the literal meaning
according to Silm:420); BREATH FORTH see EXPIRE. -SWES,
THÛ/LotR:1157 BREEZE hwesta (breath, puff of air), GENTLE BREEZE
vílë; BREEZY vilin (airy) -SWES, LotR:1157,
LT1:273 BRIDE indis (wife) (This word may obsolete akairis in
LT1:252) -NDIS/UT:8 BRIDEGROOM ender -NDER BRIDGE yanwë (joining, isthmus), yanta (yoke)
-YAT, LotR:1157 BRILLIANCE alcar, alcarë (splendour, radiance),
calassë (clarity); BRILLIANT alcarinqua (glorious)
-AKLA-R-/RGEO:73/UT:317/WJ:369/Silm:427, GL:39 BROAD - LT2:338 gives a word aica "broad, vast", but this is
probably obsoleted by aica "sharp, fell, terrible, dire" in later
writings. BROAD SWORD lango (also = prow of ship), BROAD-BLADED SWORD
ecet (short stabbing sword) -LAG, UT:284/432 BROKEN rácina -MC:223 BROOCH tancil (pin) -TAK BROOD luvu- (lower) -LT1:259 BROOK nellë (GL
:46 has wentë)
-NEN BROTHER toron (pl. torni) (= natural
brother); otorno sworn brother, associate BROTHERHOOD
onóro (of bloodkinship), otornassë (the
latter is evidently the "brotherhood" of otornor, sworn brothers) -TOR,
NÔ BROWN varnë (swart, dark brown) (in compounds
varni-) -BARÁN BUD tuima (sprout); BUDDING see SPRING-TIME. -TUY,
LT1:269 BUFFET taran, tarambo -LT2:337 BUILD carin ("I make, build", 1. pers. aorist - according to
FS and SD:246 the past tense is cárë, but Etym has
carnë; writers should probably use the latter (not to be confused
with the adjective carnë "red". Past participle #carna
*"built, made" is attested in Vincarna *"newly-made" in MR:305.)
BUILDING car (card-) (house), ampano (= especially
building of wood, wooden hall), ataquë (construction);
BUILDER samno (þ) (carpenter, wright) -KAR, PAN, TAK,
STAB BULL tarucco, tarunco -LT2:347 BUNCHES (of flowers) see BLOSSOM. BURDENSOME lumna (lying heavy, oppressive, ominous) -DUB BURLY polda (strong) -POL BU
RN usta- (transitive, e.g. *Fëanáro
ustanë i ciryar "Fëanor burnt the ships"), urya-
(intransitive, e.g. *i ciryar uryaner "the ships were burning")
-LT1:271 BUSH tussa -TUS BUT nan (so in Namárië and
Fíriel's Song; Etym has ná, nán.
Ná clashes with ná "is"); er (only, one,
alone, but, still); BUT YET a-nanta, ananta (and yet) -NDAN,
LT1:269, Nam/FS BUTTERFLY wilwarin (wilwarind-) -WIL/MC:222,
223/LT1:273 BUTTOCKS hacca (hams) -GL:47 -BY-mas (final element in place-names, see -TON)
-LT1:250top
CALACIRIAN Calaciryan (prob.
*Calaciryand-), full form Calaciryandë (i.e.,
"the region of Eldamar...in and near the entrance to the ravine [of
Calacirya], where the Light was brighter and the land more beautiful") -RGEO:70
cf. LotR:252 CALL yello (shouth of triumph) -GYEL CANDLE lícuma (taper) -MC:223 CANOPY (vb) telta- (overshadow, screen), CANOPY (noun)
telimbo (sky) -TEL, LT1:268 CANNIBAL-OGRES Sarquindi (sg #Sarquindë?)
-LT2:347 CAPE mundo (nose, snout) (Note: mundo also means "ox".)
-MBUD CARANTHIR Morifinwë, short form Moryo (not
equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name, which is the cognate of his
"mother-name" [q.v.] Carnistir.) -PM:353 CARCANET firinga (necklace) -LT2:346/GL:36 CAROUSAL yulmë (drinking) (Note: a homonym means
"smouldering heat") -WJ:416 CARPENTER samno (þ) (wright, builder)
-STAB CARRY - GL:38 has yulu-, but in WJ:416 the same stem (there
spelt JULU) is said to mean "drink", indicating that yulu-
"carry" is obsolete in mature Quenya. Use rather #col-; see BEAR. CART norollë -GL:31 ?CASSIOPEIA Wilwarin (the identification of this
constellation is not certain. Wilwarin means "butterfly".)
-Silm:426 CASTLE OF CUSTODY - this is mentioned as the approximate meaning of
Mandos (stem Mandost-) -MR:350 CAT mëoi -LT2:348 CATCH (noun) atsa (hook, claw) -GAT CAUSE (vb) tyar- -KYAR CAVE felya, rondo
, rotelë; ARTIFICIAL CAVE
hróta (dwelling underground, rockhewn hall)
-PHÉLEG, ROD, LT2:347, PM:365 CAVITY (hollow) súma (bosom) -MC:223 CEASE hauta- (take a rest, stop), pusta- (stop, put a stop to),
tyel- (end) -KHAW, PUS, KYEL CELEBORN Telporno (Letters:425) or Teleporno
(UT:266). (The latter is stated to be the Telerin form, while
Telporno must be the form used in Noldorin Quenya. Cf.
Altáriel vs. Alatáriel; see GALADRIEL.) CELEBRIMBOR (= "Silver-fist") Telperinquar (possibly
*Telperinquár-. Cf. quárë
"fist"). -Silm:429 CELEGORM Turcafinwë, short form Turco
(not equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name, which is a cognate of his
mother-name [q.v.] Tyelcormo "hasty-riser"; the latter name was "never
used in narrative".) -PM:352, 353 CELOS Celussë (see UT:426) CENTRE endë (core, middle),
tólë -NÉD, ÉNED, LT1:269 CENTURY haranyë (or perhaps it means the last day of a
century - Tolkien's wording is not clear. The latter interpretation may be more
likely.) -LotR:1142 CHAIN Angainor (= "The Great Chain" with which Morgoth was twice
bound; LT1:249 has the form Angaino) -Silm:59 CHAMBER sambë (þ) (-san,
-samb- in compounds; cf. BEDCHAMBER) (room) -STAB CHAMPION aráto (eminent man) -Silm:428 CHANGE (vb) #ahya- (only pa.t. ahyanë is
attested) -PM:395 CHANNEL celma -KEL CHANT lirin ("I chant", 1. pers. aorist) (sing)
-LIR1 CHEESE tyuru- (so in GL:28; why the
hyphen?) CHERRY pio (this word was also applied to plums). CHERRY TREE
aipio (also used = "plum tree"???) -LT2:347, GL:18 CHIEF (adj) héra (principal); CHIEF (noun)
#turco (isolated from Turcomund "chief of bulls, *chief
bull"; this may not be pure Quenya, but Turco appears as a the short
name of Turcafinwë, Celegorm's Quenya name - though that is
translated "strong, powerful (in body)" rather than referring to more
"political" power) -KHER, Letters:423, PM:352 CHIEFTAIN haran (pl harni) (in Etym also = king, but in LotR
and other texts the Quenya word for "king" is aran pl. arani -
see KING), cáno, cánu (see COMMANDER)
(ruler, governor, commander) -3AR, UT:400 CHILD hína, also vocative hina with a short
vowel, used when addressing a (young) child. Pl. híni rather
than hínar; see CHILDREN OF ILÚVATAR below. "Child" as
the last element in compounds: -hin (-hín-, pl.
-híni), e.g. CHILDREN OF ERU Eruhíni
from sg. #Eruhin; CHILDREN OF ILÚVATAR Híni
Ilúvataro; MY CHILD hinya (short for
hínanya). (For "child", Etym also has seldë; Tolkien
changed the meaning from "daughter".) -WJ:403, Silm:387/432,
SEL-D- CHILL ninquë (pallid, white); BE CHILL (of weather)
nicu- (be cold) -WJ:417 cf. NIK-W- CHILLY ringa (damp, cold) -LT1:265 CHOKE quoro- (suffocate), CHOKED quorin (drowned)
-LT1:264 CHOOSING #cilmë (isolated from Essecilmë
"name-choosing", q.v.) -MR:214 CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT lúmequenta (history)
-LU CIRCLE rindë; CIRCULAR rinda;
CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE ("especially on a hill-top") corin
-RIN, KOR/LT1:257 CITY osto (town with wall round) -OS CLAD vaina -LT1:272 CLAMOUR yalmë -NGYAL (see NGAL) CLAN nossë (family, "house") <
i>-NÔ CLARITY calassë (brilliance) -GL:39 CLASP tangwa (hasp) -TAK CLAW atsa (hook, catch), #racca (isolated from
raccalepta, see below); CLAW-FINGERED raccalepta -GAT,
SD:68, 72 CLEAN poica -POY CLEARED (of land) latin, latina (free, open)
-LAT CLEAVE hyarin ("I cleave", 1. pers. aorist), CLEAVER #hyando
in Sangahyando "Throng-cleaver, Cleaver of throngs" -SYAD,
LT2:342, LotR:1085 cf. Letters:425 CLEAVE TO himya- (abide by, stick to) -KHIM CLEFT yáwë (ravine, gulf); sanca (þ)
(split), hyatsë (gash), ciris (crack), falqua
(mountain pass, ravine), cilya (gorge, pass between hills) (so in
Etym, but cirya in the name Calacirya "Pass of Light" [gen.
Calaciryo in Namárië] - though this clashes with cirya
"ship". An early version of Namárië actually had
Calacilyo, not Calaciryo; see An Introduction to Elvish p.
5.) -YAG, STAK, SYAD, RGEO:70/WJ:403, LT2:337, 341, KIL CLIFF ollo (seaward precipice) (The alternative form
oldó may be archaic Quenya.) -LT1:252 CLOAK colla (vestment, actually a past participle "borne,
worn" used as a noun). GREY-CLOAK Sindacollo, Singollo (so
in Silm:421; MR:217 has Sindicollo. Note that colla has become
#collo because -o is a masculine ending.) (Thingol)
-MR:385 CLOTH lannë (tissue) -LAN CLOUD fanya (white cloud; pl. fanyar is attested),
lumbo (pl lumbor is attested. In LT1:259, it is stated that
this word applies to a "dark lowering cloud"), ungo (dark
shadow). (In ancient times the Elves probably also used the word fana
[in Etym fána] for "cloud" or "veil", but in Quenya it came
to denote the visible bodies in which the Valar manifested themselves to
incarnates. When fana no longer meant "cloud", this meaning was
evidently transferred to the derivative fanya, originally probably
meaning "white" or "white thing".) UPPER AIRS AND CLOUDS fanyarë
(skies) -SPAN, MC:222, UÑG, Nam, RGEO:67, SYAD, RGEO:74,
MC:223 CLUSTERS (of flowers) see BLOSSOM. COAT vacco (jacket) -GL:21 COBWEB línë -SLIG CODE OF SIGNS tengwesta (system of signs, grammar);
GESTURE-CODE hwermë -WJ:394 cf. TEK, WJ:395 COLD (adj) ringa (so in MC:222 and LT1:265; Etym has
ringë, which is also a noun meaning "cold lake/pool in the
mountains"), (damp, chilly), yelwa; COLD (noun?)
niquë, also vb niquë- "it is cold, it
freezes"; BE COLD, CHILL (of weather) nicu-
-MC:222, RINGI, LT1:260, WJ:417 COLLAPSE (vb) talta- (slip, slide down), COLLAPSE
(noun) atalantë (downfall) -MC:223 COLLECT hosta- (gather, assemble); COLLECTION OF LEAVES
olassië (foliage) -KHOTH/MC:223, Letters:282 COME tulin ("I come", 1. pers. aorist); perfect
#utúlië and future #tuluva are attested (the latter
in entuluva "shall come again". Tulin obsoletes tulu- in
LT1:270). COME AWAY hótuli- ("so as to leave a place or
group and join another in the thought or place of the speaker") -TUL,
LotR:1003, Silm:229, WJ:368 COMMANDER cáno ("usually as the title of a lesser
chief, especially one acting as the deputy of one higher in rank", PM:345)
(governor, chieftain, commander) -PM:345 COMMANDMENT axan (law, rule) -WJ:399 COMMERSE mancalë -MBAKH COMMUNICATION centa (as in
Ósanwë-centa, Communication of Thought. In other contexts,
centa must be translated *"enquiry" or *"essay") -MR:415 COMPACT vérë (troth, oath, bond) Pl.
probably *vérer not *véri; cf. the similar
formation tyávë "taste", pl tyáver.)
-WED COMPEL mauya-; COMPULSION mausta -MBAW COMPLAINT nur (growl) -LT1:263 COMPLETELY aqua (fully, altogether, wholly)
-WJ:392 CONCEAL halya- (veil, screen from light) -SKAL CONCEALED furin or hurin (hidden)
-LT2:340 CONCEPTION nóa (pl. nówi), nó
(nów-) -NOWO CONCH hyalma (shell, horn of Ulmo) -SYAL CONCLUDE telya- (transitive) (wind up, finish);
CONCLUSION telma (further defined as "anything used to finish off a
work or an affair") -WJ:411 CONFUSED rúcina (shattered, disordered) -MC:223 CONSONANT - Tolkien notes: "Since...in the mode of spelling commonly
used the full signs were consonantal, in ordinary non-technical use tengwar
[sg tengwa, see LETTER] became equivalent to 'consonants'." Cf.
also surya "spirant consonant" and punta "stopped consonant".
-WJ:396, SUS, PUT (see PUS) CONSPICOUS minda (prominent) -MIN CONSTRUCTION tanwë (craft, thing made, construction, devise)
ataquë (building) -TAN, TAK CONTEMPTIBLE faica (mean) -SPAY CONTINUAL vorima (repeated); CONTINUALLY voro (also voro-
in compounds) -BOR CONTRARY, ON THE - see NO CONTROL turin ("I...control", 1. pers. aorist) (pa.t.
turnë) (wield, govern); IN CONTROL OF (possessing)
arwa (followed by gen, e.g. *i heru arwa i nerion "the lord in
control of the men") -TUR, 3AR COOKED FOOD apsa (meat) -AP COPING-STONE see FINISH. COPPER tambë; OF COPPER tambina;
COPPER-COLOURED aira (ruddy, red) -LT1:250, 256,
268 COPULA telluma (altered from earlier telumë
under influence of a Valarin word; pl. tellumar is attested)
(dome), coromindo (dome) -Nam/WJ:399/411, KOR CORE endë (centre, middle) -NÉD, ÉNED
CORNFLOWER menelluin (lit. *"sky-blue") -Pictures of J. R. R.
Tolkien CORPOREAL sarcuva (bodily) -LT2:347 CORPSE quelet (pl. queletsi), loico (dead body);
CORPSE-CANDLE loicolícuma -KWEL, MC:223 CORRUSCATION russë (+swordblade) -RUS COTTAGE - LT2:336 has os(t) "house and cottage", but this
word is probably obsolete - osto means "city" in mature Quenya. COUNT - the stem not- can be isolated from the word
for "countable", see below. It actually occurs in Etym, but is glossed "reckon"
instead. COUNT UP onot- (cf. not- "reckon"), COUNTABLE
#nótima (isolated from únótimë
"not-countable, numberless", pl.). NOT COUNTING hequa (leaving
aside, excluding, except) -NOT, Nam, RGEO:67, WJ:364, 365 COUNTRY nórë (land, race, nation, native land,
family), #nórië (only attested in a compound, in the
ablative case: sindanóriello, "grey-country-from", "out of a grey
country". -NÔ, Nam/RGEO:67 COURAGE huorë (only attested as a proper name:
Huorë, lit. "heart-vigour") -KHÔ-N COURSE tië (line, direction, way, path, road) -TE3,
RGEO:67 COURT paca (paved floor) -GL:63 COVER topë (aorist sg) (pa.t. tompë),
untúpa- (lit. "down-roof") -TOP, Nam/RGEO:67 COVERING telmë (hood) -TEL COW (milch cow) yaxë. (An alternative form
yaxi, glossed "cow", looks like a plural in mature Quenya.)
-GL:36 CRACK ciris (cleft) -LT2:335 CRAFT tanwë (thing made, device, construction);
curwë. CRAFTSMAN tano (smith) -KUR CREATE onta (pa.t. ónë,
ontanë) -ONO CREATURE onna; DEFORMED/HIDEOUS CREATURE ulundo
(monster) -ONO, ÚLUG CRESCENT cúnë (bow) -LT1:271 CREST (of wave) wingë (wingi-) (foam,
spindrift). LT1:256 gives ormë "crest, summit", but in mature
Quenya ormë means "wrath, haste, violence, rushing". CRESTED
WAVE falma -WIG/LT1:273, PHAL CROOKED hwarin; raica (bent, wrong), rempa (hooked),
cauca (bent, humped) -SKWAR, RÁYAK, REP, LT1:260 CROSSBAR hwarma -SKWAR CROSSING tarna (passage, #ford) -LT2:347 CROW quáco (so in WJ:395; Etym has corco
)
-WJ:395, KORKA (see KARKA) CROWD sanga (throng, press); rimbë (host)
-STAG/Silm:438, RIM CROWN rië; CROWNED rína; STAR-CROWNED,
CROWNED WITH STARS (a name of Taniquetil) Elerrína
(so in Silm; Etym has Elerína) -RIG, EL,
Silm:42 CRUEL nwalca (Though spelt this way also in Etym, nwalca
must be from older *ngwalca, for the stem is ÑGWAL. In
Tengwar spelling, the letter nwalmë (< older
ngwalmë) should be used to transcribe the initial nw of
nwalca.) -ÑGWAL CRUMBLE #ruxa- (only part. ruxala is attested)
-MC:222 cf 215 CRYSTAL SUBSTANCE silima (a substance Fëanor alone knew how to
make; the Silmarils were made of it. Etymologically, the word apparently means
simply *"white-shining thing", or perhaps *"[substance] apt to shine white".)
-RGEO:73, Silm:437 CUNNING - LT1:253 has findë, finië, but
these words may not be valid in mature Quenya (in Etym, findë means
"tress, lock of hair"). CUP yulma -Nam, RGEO:67 CUPOLA coromindo (dome) -KOP CURUFIN Curufinwë, short form Curvo. (His
"mother-name", never used in narrative, was Atarincë.) -PM:352,
353 CURUNÍR Curumo (Saruman) -UT:393, 401 CURVED cúna (bent; cúna is also
used as a verbal stem, see BEND) -MC:223 CUSHION nirwa -NID CUSTODY mando (safe keeping); CASTLE OF CUSTODY Mandos
(Mandost-) -MR:350 CUT (vb) rista-; venië (infinitive? stem
#ven-?) (shape), CUT (noun) rista, venwë
(shape), CUT OFF (and get rid of or lose a portion:) auciri-,
(so as to have or or use a required portion:) hóciri-
-RIS, LT1:254, WJ:365-366, 368 CYCLE randa (age) -RAD<>
top
DAERON see DAIRON DAGGER sicil (knife), naica -SIK, GL:37 DAIRON Sairon -GL:29 (called Daeron in the
published Silmarillion) DALE nal, nallë (dell); DALE-SPRITES tavar
(pl. tavarni) -LT1:261, LT1:267 DAMP ringa (chilly, cold) -LT1:265 DANCE (vb) lilta- -LILT DANGLE linga- -LING DARE verya- (cf. BOLD)
-BER DARK (adj.) morna (gloomy, sombre, black), nulla
(dusky, obscure), lóna (Note: a homonym means "island"),
lúrëa (overcast), DARK OR HIDDEN tumna
(low-lying, low, profound, deep) DARK (noun), hui (fog,
murk, night); DARK, DARKNESS mornië, mórë
(blackness, night), mor, lúmë (Note:
lúmë also means "hour, time"), lómë
(night, twilight, gloom), huinë (shadow, gloom); DARK ELVES
Moriquendi, Morimor (Lómëarni in LT1:259 is
hardly a valid word in mature Quenya); DARK ONE (=Morgoth)
morion; DARK WEATHER lúrë; DARK LOWERING CLOUD
lumbo (pl. lumbor is attested); DARK VALE tumbo
(deep valley) -Letters:382, NDUL, DO3, LT1:259, LT1:271, LT1:253, MOR,
LotR:488 cf. Letters:308, Silm:431, MC:222 cf. 215, WJ:361/Silm:388,
Nam/RGEO:67, FS, LT1:259, 269 DAUGHTER yendë, yen, -iel (suffix, e.g.
Uinéniel "daughter of Uinen" [UT:182]; this suffix may obsolete
the earlier [TLT] ending -wen, mentioned in LT1:271). The stem YEL, from
which -iel must be derived, was removed from Etym. However, the UT
example just mentioned is from a later text, indicating that Tolkien restored
-iel. Perhaps yeldë was restored as the independent word for
"daughter" at the same time and is to be preferred to yendë,
yen. Distinguish -riel in Altáriel (Galadriel),
which does not mean "daughter" and becomes -riell- before an ending.
-YÔ, YEL, 182/469 DAWN ára (obsoleting órë in
LT1:264; this word means "rising" or "heart" in mature Quenya),
+amaurëa (early day) -AR1 , MC:223 DAY aurë (sunlight; Etym gives arë),
arya (= 12 hours), ré (= 24 hours, counted from
sunset to sunset), sana (= 24 hours), DAYTIME
arië, EARLY DAY +amaurëa (dawn), DAYLIGHT - LT1:254
gives calma, but this word means "lamp" in LotR. LAST DAY OF YEAR
quantien, DAYSPRING tuilë -AR1,
Silm:229/234/439, LotR:1141, LT1:250, MC:223, YEN DEAD firin (= dead by natural cause), qualin
(related to qualmë "agony, death" and probably has darker
connotations than firin), vanwa (departed, lost, past, gone,
vanished, no longer to be had), hessa (withered). DEAD BODY loico
(corpse) -KWAL, PHIR, MC:223, LT1:255, WJ:366 DEAR melda (beloved), melin, moina (familiar),
#melya (isolated from Melyanna "dear gift", Melian's Quenya
name), valda (worth, worthy). Cf. also the "suffix of endearment"
-ya mentioned in UT:418: Anardilya *"dear Anardil"
(UT:174). -MEL, MOY, Silm:434, GL:23 DEATH qualmë, unqualë (agony), nuru (Nuru
= Mandos), fairë (natural death [as act]) (Note:
fairë also means "radiance" and "phantom", and even [in LT1:250]
"free"), urdu -KWAL/LT1:264, ÑGUR, PHIR, LT2:342 DECLIVITY pendë (downslape, slope) -PEN DEEP tumna (low-lying, low, profound, dark or hidden),
núra; DEEP VALLEY tumbo (dark vale) -NÛ,
TUB DEFORMED CREATURE ulundo (hideous creature, monster)
-ÚLUG DELL nal, nallë (dale) -LT1:261 DEMON rauko (pl. #raukar, isolated from
Valaraukar "Balrogs". LT1:250 gives araukë; WJ:415
has rauko and arauko, defined as "a powerful, hostile, and
terrible creature".) See also ORC. -RUK, Silm:436, WJ:415 DENETHOR Nanisáro (þ) -LR:188 DENTAL SERIES tincotéma (t-series)
-LotR:1154 DENY lala- (Note: a homonym means "laugh".) -LA
DEPART vanya- (pa.t. vannë). Lendë
pa.t. of lelya/linna "go" is also glossed as
"departed". DEPARTED (adj) vanwa (gone, vanished, lost, past,
no longer to be had, dead) -WAN, LED, WJ:366, Nam DESCENDANT indyo (grandchild) (Indyo looks like
Vanyarin Quenya; the combination ndy became ny in Noldorin
Quenya. The Noldor likely used the form *inyo.) MALE DESCENDANT
yondo (son) (In LT2:344, it is said that yondo usually meant
"(great) grandson", but in mature Quenya it simply means "son".)
-ÑGYO(N) DESERT erumë (cf. Eruman a desert north-east of
Valinor) -ERE DESERTED erda (solitary) -LT1:269 DESIRE (vb) merë (3. pers. sg. aorist; stem
#mer-, pa.t. mernë) (want, wish); DESIRE
(noun) írë, milmë (greed). (Note:
írë also means "when". The stem YES yields a word
yesta "desire", but this clashes with the corrected/updated form
of esta - see FIRST.) DESIREABLE írima
(loveable), DESIRER Irmo (name of a Vala) -MER, ID, MIL-IK, YES,
WJ:403 DESTINE martya-; DESTINY maranwë -MBARAT DETERMINANT VOWEL sundóma (lit. *"base-vowel,
root-vowel". Christopher Tolkien notes: "Very briefly indeed, the Quendian
consonantal base or sundo was characterized by a 'determinant vowel' or
sundóma: thus the sundo KAT has a medial
sundóma 'A', and TALAT has the sundóma repeated. In
derivative forms the sundóma might be placed before the first
consonant, e.g. ATALAT.") -WJ:319 DEVICE tanwë (craft, thing made, construction)
-TAN DEVISE auta- (originate, invent) -GAWA DEW rossë (fine rain, spray), rin. DEWY
nítë (moist) -ROS/Letters:282, LT1:265,
NEI DEXTEROUS formaitë (right-handed) -PHOR DIACRITIC tehta (mark [in writing], sign) (In LotR:1155, the word
is applied to the supralinear vowel-marks of Fëanorian writing, and pl.
tehtar is attested.) -TEK, LotR:1155
DIALECT - Tolkien notes that the word lambë was originally
"nearer to our 'dialect' than to 'language', but later when the Eldar became
aware of other tongues, not intelligible without study, lambe naturally
became applied to the seperate languages of any people or region." Thus,
lambë can hardly be used for "dialect" in Exilic Quenya.
-WJ:394 DICTUM eques (pl. equessi) (proverbial dictum,
quotation, saying) -WJ:392 DIE fir- (fade) -MC:223 DIPHTONG #samna (only pl samnar is
attested. Distinct in Tengwar spelling from samna "wooden post", that is
spelt with initial súlë instead of silmë.)
-SAM DIM TO SEE néca (vague, faint) (Pl
nécë is attested) -MC:223, 222 DIRE aica (fell, terrible, sharp) -PM:347 DIRECTION tië (course, line, pathway, road)
-TE3/RGEO:67 DIRTY vára (soiled) -WA3 DISAPPEAR vanya- (pa.t. vannë. Note: a homonym of
vanya means "beautiful") (go, depart) -WAN DISCOLOURED púrëa (smeared) -MC:223 DISEMBODIED SPIRIT see SPIRIT DISGUST - feel disgust at feuya- -PHEW DISH venë (small boat, vessel) -LT1:254 DISORDERED rúcina (confused, shattered) -MC:223 DIVIDE IN MIDDLE perya- (halve) (After
perya-, a word perina is mentioned;
it is undefined but must be the corresponding past participle: *"divided in
middle, halved".) -PER DIVINE valaina (= "of or belonging to the Valar", probably not to
be used with reference to the One who is above them); DIVINITY
valassë -BAL DO NOT uin, umin ("I do not", 1. pers. aorist)
(pa.t. úmë) (also = "am not" - see BE); DO NOT!
(imperative) vá! (also = I will not); DON'T
áva, avá; DON'T DO IT! áva
carë!-UGU/UMU, WJ:371 DOER tyaro (actor, agent) -KYAR DOG huo -KHUG DOME telluma (pl. tellumar is attested) (copula),
coromindo (cupola) -Nam/WJ:399, KOR DON'T áva, avá; DON'T DO IT! áva
carë! -WJ:371 DOOM manar, mandë (final end, fate, fortune, final bliss);
umbar- (umbart-) (fate) In the story of Túrin Turambar,
it seems that ambar means "doom": Turambar is said to mean
"Master of Doom", and Nienor even uses the word in the instrumental case:
ambartanen "by doom". Similarly, LT2:348 gives ambar "Fate". But
in Etym, ambar means "earth", and LotR Appendix E confirms that "fate"
is umbar. DOOM RING Máhanaxar (a foreign word in
Quenya, adopted and adapted from Valarin.) -MAN/MANAD, MBARAT, Silm:261, 269,
LotR:1157, WJ:399 DORIATH #Lestanórë (only gen.
Lestanórëo is attested) -WJ:369 DORLÓMIN Lóminórë -WJ:145 DOT pica (small spot), tixë (tiny mark, point),
amatixë, nuntixë (points over and under the line of
writing respectively) -PIK, TIK DOUBLE (prob. adj) atwa, tanta; DOUBLE (vb)
tatya- (repeat). (Note: tatya also means "second".) -AT(AT),
TATA DOUG maxë -MASAG DOVE cu, cua (perhaps m. and f. respectively)
-KÛ DOWN undu (under, beneath); DOWN-FALL atalantë,
atalantië (collapse); DOWN-FALLEN atalantëa
(pl atalantië is attested) (ruinous); DOWN BELOW
(adv.) nún (underneath); "DOWN-LICK" (i.e.,
cover completely) #undulav- (only pa.t. undulávë
is attested) -UNU, NÛ, MC:222, 223/Letters:347, RGEO:67/Nam DOWNSLOPE pendë (slope, declivity) -PEN/PÉNED DRAGON lókë (serpent, snake; "so do the Eldar name the
worms of Melko[r]", LT2:85), angulókë,
fenumë; WINGED DRAGON rámalókë;
FIRE-DRAGON urulókë (pl. Urulóki is
attested in Silm:138, there capitalized); SPARK-DRAGON
fëalókë; FISH-DRAGON lingwilókë
(sea-serpent) -LOK; cf. ANGWA, LT2:341, RAM, UR, PHAY, LIW DRAKE (LT2:340) see DRAGON DRAUGHT #yulda (only pl. yuldar is attested),
suhto -Nam, SUK DRAW tucin ("I draw", 1. pers. aorist); DRAW
WATER calpa- (bale out, scoop out); DRAWING #halmë
(isolated from Turuhalmë "Log-drawing") -KALPA,
LotR:270 DREAD aista- -GAYAS DREAM (noun) olor, olórë, lor;
DREAMY olosta, olórëa -LOS, LT1:259, LotR:488 cf.
Letters:308, UT:396 DRINK (vb) sucin ("I drink", 1. pers.
aorist); DRINK OF THE VALAR limpë (so glossed under LIP;
"drink of the fairies" in LT1:258) or míruvórë
(LT1:261); DRINKING yulmë (carousal) (Note: a homonym
means "smouldering heat"); DRINKING-VESSEL yulma (cup),
sungwa. -SUK, WJ:416/Nam DRIP lipte- -LT1:258 DROP (noun) limba; LITTLE DROP liptë
-LIB, LT1:258 DROWNED quorin (choked) -LT1:264 DROWSY lorda (slumbrous) -LT1:259 DRÛ rú (wose), DRÚADAN Rúatan
(pl. Rúatani is given but seems perfectly regular)
-UT:385 DRY (prob. adj not vb) parca -PÁRAK DRYAD tavaro, tavaron (m.), tavaril
(f.), nandin (further defined as "fay of the country")
-TÁWAR, LT1:261 DUILIN Tulindo; HOUSE OF DUILIN Nossë Tuilinda
(Tuilinda must be an adjectival form of Tuilindo)
-LT2:338 DÚNEDAIN Núnatani -WJ:386 DUSK histë (also hísë, but this
clashes with a word meaning "fog, mist"), lómë (night,
gloom, darkness, twilight) -LT1:255 DUSKY nulla (dark, obscure) -NDUL DUST asto -ÁS-AT DWARF Nauco (pl. Naucor is attested; LT1:261 gives
nauca instead of nauco), Norno
(Naucalië, Nornalië = the whole people of the
Dwarves) Casar (pl. Casari or Casári;
partitive plural Casalli; the whole people of the Dwarves being called
Casallië. According to WJ, Casar - Quenyaized form of
Dwarvish Khazâd - "was the word most commonly used in Quenya for
the Dwarves". Nauco "stunted one" and norno "thrawn one" are less
polite words for "dwarf"; yet norno is stated to be "the more friendly
term". But the Dwarves themselves would definitely prefer Casar.)
PETTY-DWARVES Picinaucor, Pitya-naucor (lit. *"small
dwarves"), Attalyar (lit. "Bipeds"). DWARROWVAULT
Casarrondo (Khazad-dûm) -NAUK, WJ:388, 389 DWELLER mardo, DWELLING (noun) mar (mas-)
(home), DWELLING (adj) #farnë (a pl form? Sg
farna? Only attested in the compound orofarnë
"mountain-dwelling". Note: farnë is also the pa.t. of farya-
"suffice"); DWELLING-PLACE nórë (land, region where
certain people live, nation, native land, family); DWELLING UNDERGROUND
hróta (artificial cave, rockhewn hall) -LT1:251, LotR:505 cf.
Letters:224, NDOR, PM:365 DWINDLE píca (part. pícala is attested)
(lessen) -MC:223, 222top
EACH máca -GL:41 EAGLE soron, sornë (þ) (pl.
sorni) (So in Etym; Letters:427 has sorno,
thorno, LT1:266 also has sor. Soron/sorno
obsoletes ea, earen in LT1:251 and LT2:338 - besides,
ëa means "is" in mature Quenya.) KING OF EAGLES
Sorontur, "EAGLE-HORN" (a great height in Númenor)
Sorontil -THOR, Letters:427, UT:465 EARLY arinya; EARLY DAY +amaurëa (dawn); EARLY MORN
tuilë (dayspring, spring-time) -AR1, MC:223, TUY
EARTH cemen, kemen (soil). (Note: at the time Tolkien
wrote Etym, he thought of cemen as the genitive of cén,
but later cemen evidently became the nominative form, as it had been in
earlier writings [LT1:257]. In Silm:433, it is said that cemen
[kemen] refers to "the Earth as a flat floor beneath menel,
the heavens". LT1:257 also has cemi "earth, soil, land" and
Kémi "Mother Earth".) EARTH-QUEEN Kementári
(Yavanna's title); EARTHEN, OF EARTH cemina. (LT2:343
gives indi "earthdwellers", another word for "men", but this is hardly a
valid word in mature Quenya.) EARTH (= world) Ambar (world)
(Tolkien equated Ambar with Oikoumene, a Greek word denoting
"world" considered as "the inhabited world of Men". But ambar also seems
to mean "doom", q.v. MR:337 (cf. WJ:419) has Imbar instead of
Ambar; the literal meaning of both words is said to be "habitation")
-KEM/Silm:433/LT1:257, MBAR cf. Letters:283 or SD:409 EAST rómen (allative Rómenna and
ablative Rómello in Namárië is capitalized),
róna; EASTERN rómenya (Entar,
Entardar "Outer Lands, Middle-earth" is also glossed as "East" once, as
opposed to the Blessed Realm of the West.) The words órë
"dawn, Sunrise, East" and its corresponding adjective órëa
(LT1:264) are probably not valid words in mature Quenya; see DAWN.
Neither can Ostar "East" be a valid word; see GATE. EAST-VICTOR
Rómendacil (one of the Kings of Gondor) EAST-LANDS
Orrostar (a region in Númenor) -RÔ/LotR:1157, UT:463,
Nam, EN, LotR:1075, 1081, UT:165, 459 EAT mat- -MAT ECHO láma (ringing sound - so in Etym, but see
SOUND), nalláma (In Etym, the second a of the
latter word has an undefined diacritic here represented by '.) ECHOING
lámina -LAM EDDY hwinya- (swirl, gyrate); hwindë (whirlpool)
-SWIN EDGE réna, ríma -REG, RÎ EGLATH (or EGLAIN, EGLADHRIM) Heceldi (the "Forsaken"
Elves, especially the Eldar left in Beleriand; sg Hecel is given. MR:170
has Ecelli.) -WJ:365 cf. Silm:68 EIGHT tolto -TOL1-OTH/OT ELBOW ólemë -LT1:258 ELEPHANT andamunda -MBUD ELEVEN minquë <
i>-MINIK-W-, LT1:260 ELF quendë (generic, seldom used in sg; pl
Quendi is the usual form; there are gender-spesific forms quendu
m. and quendi f., but they seem to be rare; pl. quendur and
quendir is attested), Elda (originally generic, but later
[MET] used of Elves of the Three Kindreds [Noldor, Vanyar, Teleri] only. That
was at least the proper usage: Elda was the normal word for "elf" in
Valinor, as all Elves there were Eldar. An archaic variant of Elda was
Eldo.) ELVES OF AMAN Amanyar (sg #Amanya),
ELVES WHO REFUSED TO JOIN IN THE WESTWARD MARCH (from Cuiviénen)
Avari (sg Avar in WJ:371; Avar or Avaro in
Etym), also called Avamanyar "those who did not go to Aman,
because they would not" (distinguish Úmanyar,
Úamanyar, Alamanyar "those who did not in the event reach
Aman", though they did join in the march from Cuiviénen; these are also
called Heceldi or Ecelli, see EGLATH). See also DARK ELVES,
GREEN-ELVES, GREY-ELVES, HIGH-ELVES, LIGHT-ELVES, SEA-ELVES, LITTLE ELF. Cf.
also ELVENHOME Eldamar, Elendë. ELF-PEOPLE
Eldalië, ELVISH Eldarinwa (adj only; "Elvish"
meaning Elvish language is simply Eldarin. Properly, these words for
"Elvish" apply to the Tree Kindreds only, not to all the Quendi.)
Quenderin ("Elvish" referring to all the Quendi, "Quendian"; this
remained a learned word) -WJ:361/KWEN(ED), MR:229 ELED, Silm:424,
AB/WJ:371/Silm:65/MR:163, WJ:363, Silm:23/392, MR:415, WJ:407 ELF-FRIEND Elendil (actually meaning *"star-friend". Tolkien
notes: "It is not surprising that the Edain...found it difficult to discern
whether words and names containing the element el referred to the stars
or to the Elves. This is seen in the name Elendil, which was meant to
bear the sense "Elf-friend". Properly in Quenya it meant 'a lover or student of
the stars'... 'Elf-friend' would have been more correctly represented by
Quen(den)dil or Eldandil.") -WJ:410
ELF-LOVER #Eldameldo (pl Eldameldor in WJ:417)
ELF-STONE Elessar (Aragorn's royal name, prob.
*Elessard-, cf. STONE. The literal meaning is *Star-stone, not Elf-stone
- but the Edain confused elen "star" and elda "elf". Cf.
Elendil; see ELF-FRIEND above.) -LotR:395, 897 ELM-TREE alalmë, lalmë; LAND OF ELMS
Alalminórë (Warwickshire) -ÁLAM/LT1:249,
LÁLAM EMBER yúla (smouldering wood) -YUL EMINENT MAN aráto (champion) -Silm:428 EMIT LIGHT faina- PHAY EMPTY lusta (void), cumna
-LUS, KUM ENCHANT luhta-; ENCHANTMENT lúcë
-LUK ENCLOSURE panda; CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE corin
-PAD, KOR END (noun) metta, mentë, tyel,
tyeldë, telu; THE ENDING OF THE WORLD Ambar-metta;
END (vb) tele- (intransitive) (finish - so in WJ:411 -
LT1:267 gives telu-), tyel- (cease), PUT AN END TO
metya- -LotR:1003, MET, LT1:267, WJ:411, KYEL ENDLESS PERIOD oio -UT:317 ENDURANCE voronwië (lasting quality); ENDURING voronwa
(long-lasting) -BORÓN ENEMY cotumo -KOT ENGLAND - see FAËRY. ENOUGH farëa (sufficient) -PHAR *ENQUIRY centa (as in Essecenta Eldarin
wa, probably
meaning *"Enquiry into Eldarin Names", as Tolkien described the work as an
"Enquiry into the origins of Elvish names for Elves". Another possible
translation of centa may be *"essay". However, the only gloss Tolkien
gives of centa is "communication", q.v.) -MR:415 ENTRANCE (to harbour) londë (road [in sea], also
translated "haven", q.v.) ENVELOPE (noun) vaiya, vaia (both with alternative, possibly
older [MET] forms in w-). -WAY EXPIRE fírë- (perf. fírië
["has breathed forth"] is attested; *ifírië may be the
more usual form) -MR:250 ERRANT ránen -RAN ESCAPE (vb) usin (glossed "he escapes" in LT:251, but
in mature Quenya it would have to mean, if anything, *"I escape" - 1. pers.
aorist); ESCAPE (noun) uswë (issue) -LT1:251 *ESSAY see *ENQUIRY. ESTABLISH tulca- (fix, set up. Note: there is a homonym
meaning "firm, steadfast, strong, immoveable".) -LT1:270 cf. TULUK ETERNAL oira -OY EVENING andúnë (sunset, west), sinyë
-MC:222, THIN EVER oi, voro, vor (continually) (pref.
#oio-, vor-, voro-), EVERWHITE, EVER-SNOW-WHITE
Oiolossë (a name for Taniquetil; gen Oiolossëo is
attested in Nam, where it has an ablatival meaning); EVERSUMMER
Oiolairë, EVERLASTING oia, vorima; EVERLASTING [?AGE]
(Tolkien's handwriting was illegible) oirë,
oialë; FOR EVER, EVERLASTINGLY oialë
(evidently the noun just mentioned used as an adverb), tennoio
-OY, UT:458, BOR, LT1:250/273, Nam/RGEO:67, Silm:429,
UT:317 EVERY máca -GL:41 EVERYBODY ilquen; EVERYTHING ilqua -WJ:372, IL EVIL úmëa, #ulca (isolated from
henulca, see below); EVILEYED henulca; EVIL-SMELLING
saura
(þ) (foul, putrid) - in compounds #sauri-, see
FOUL. FREE FROM EVIL aman (see BLESSED). -SD:68, 72, UGU, THUS,
WJ:399 EXALTED ONES Aratar (pl; sg #Arata). The
Aratar are the mightiest of the Valar: Manwë, Varda, Ulmo, Yavanna,
Aulë, Mandos, Nienna, and Oromë. Aratar is also rendered "High
Ones, The Supreme" -Silm 32/381, WJ:402 EXCEPT hequa (leaving aside, not counting, excluding)
-WJ:364, 365 EXCLUDE hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is given
but seems perfectly regular) (put aside, leave out, abandon, forsake);
EXCLUDING hequa (leaving aside, not counting, except) -WJ:364,
365 EXPAND palu-, palya- (spread, extend, open wide);
EXPANSIVE palla (wide) -PAL EXPIRE fírë- (originally used of "one sighing or
releasing a deep breath", but also used of Míriel when she "breathed
forth" and died; later used of the death of mortals. Perf. fírië
is attested; *ifírië with prefix sundóma is
probably also a possible form.) -MR:250 EXTEND palu-, palya- (spread, expand, open wide);
EXTENDED taina (lengthened); EXTENSION tailë (lengthening)
-PAL, TAY EYE hen (hend-) (normal pl. hendi as well as
the dual form #hendu are attested [isolated from hendumaica,
WJ:337]; #hendu would be used of a natural pair of eyes). SHARP-EYE
hendumaica, EYES OF HEARTSEASE (a name of the pansy)
Helinyetillë -KHEN-D-E, WJ:337, LT1:262 EYRIE sornion (þ) (lit. gen.pl "of eagles"?).
-LT1:266. (LT1:251 gives ëaren, but this is hardly a valid
word in mature Quenya [see EAGLE])top
FACE anta -ANA FADE sinta- (þ) (pa.t. sintanë is given,
though it seems perfectly regular), fir- (die), fifíru-
("slowly fade away", frequentative form of fir-; the
participal form fifírula is attested); FADING quellë
(In the Calendar of Imladris, quellë was a precisely defined
period of 54 days in late autumn. Also called lasselanta; see AUTUMN.)
-THIN, MC:222/223, LotR:1141 FAËRY Inwilis, Inwinórë (another
gloss, "England", was struck out) -LT1:256 FAINT néca (vague, dim to see) -MC:222/223 FAIR vanima (beautiful, proper, right), vanë,
melima, linda (beautiful); FAIR FOLK Vanimo (pl.
Vanimor is given but seems perfectly regular; the word is said to apply
to the "children of the Valar"). FAIR-MINDED faila (generous, just)
-BAN, LT1:272, MEL, SLIN, PM:352 FAITHFUL voronda, vórima (steadfast) -UT:317,
LT1:250 FALL (vb) lanta- (pres. pl. lantar, pl. past
lantaner and part. #lantala are attested); FALL (noun)
lanta or #lantë. (The first of these words
occurs in the compound lasselanta "leaf-fall, Autumn", while
#lantë is isolated from Noldolantë "the Fall of the
Noldor". From these examples it appears that a lanta is a physical fall,
while a lantë is a moral fall. Perhaps the latter word can also be
applied to a military defeat, as in "the fall of Gondolin".) THE FALLEN
(= Númenor) Atalantë -DAT/DANT/MC:222, Nam,
SD:246, LT1:254, Silm:102/414, TALÁT FALLOW marya (fawn, pale), malwa (pale) -MAD,
SMAL FAMILIAR moina (dear) -MOY FAMILY nossë (clan, "house"), nórë,
-nor (land, country, dwelling-place, nation, native land) -NÔ,
LT1:272 FANE yána (holy place, sanctuary) -YAN FANG carca (tooth, tusk) -Silm:429, LT2:344 FAR haira, eccaira, avahaira; FAR AWAY (adj)
vahaia, FAR AWAY, FAR OFF (adv.) háya; FAR AND
WIDE palan; FAR-SEER palantir, "FAR-WANDERER" (the name of a
ship) Palarran -KHAYA, SD:247, Silm:435, TIR,
UT:460 FAREWELL namárië -Nam FARMER nandor (perhaps obsolete in mature Quenya, clashing
with the name of the Nandor.) -LT1:261 FASTEN tacë (3. pers. sg. aorist), pa.t.
tancë. -TAK FAT tiuca (thick); GROW FAT tiuya- (swell) -TIW FATE umbar (umbart-) (doom; the form amarto in
LT2:348 is no doubt obsolete, but ambar from the same source may be a
valid word also in mature Quenya - see DOOM), marto (fortune, lot);
manar, mandë (doom, final end, fortune
[usually = final bliss]); FATED marta -MBARAT/LotR:1157,
MANAD FATHER atar (pl. atári in Silm,
though Etym has atari). FATHER OF ALL Ilúvatar (God)
-Silm:428, 229/ATA/LT1:255, Silm:404/UT:446 FATHOM rangwë -RAK FAWN marya (fallow, pale) -MAD FAY OF THE COUNTRY nandin (dryad), FAY OF THE MEADS Nermi
(pl. Nermir is attested) (field-spirit) -LT1:261,
262 FËANOR Fëanáro (Spirit of Fire)
-Silm:397/435, MR:217 FEAR (noun) caurë; FEAR (vb) - rucin is
glossed "I feel fear or horror", constructed with "from" of the object feared
(e.g. *rucin Orcollon "I fear Orcs") -LT1:257, WJ:415 FEAST meren (merend-), merendë
(festival); FESTIVE merya -MBER FEATHER quessë -KWES, LotR:1157 FEBRUARY Nénimë (Amillion in LT1:249 is
hardly a valid word in mature Quenya.) -LotR:1144 FEEL FEAR OR HORROR rucin (1. pers. aorist), constructed
with "from" of the object feared. -WJ:415 FELL (adj) aica (sharp, terrible, dire).
-PM:347 FELL (noun) helma (skin) -SKEL FEMALE (noun) ní, FEMALE (adj.)
inya, inimeitë (pl. probably *inimeisi; cf.
HANDED, LEAPING, WINDY) -INI FENCED FIELD peler, FENCING OR DEFENSIVE HEIGHTS
Pelóri -PEL(ES), WJ:403 FESTIVAL asar (Vanyarin athar) (fixed time), meren
(merend-), merendë (feast); FESTIVE merya
-WJ:399, MBER FETCH tulta- (send for, summon) -TUL FEY marta (fated) -MBARAT FIELD-SPIRIT Nermi (pl. Nermir is attested) (fay
of the meads) -LT1:262 FIERY uruitë, úruva (The stem from which
these words are derived was struck out in Etym. However, several words that
must be derived from this stem occur in LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored
it. LT1:248 also gives sára "fiery", but this word is probably
obsoleted by sára "bitter" in Etym.) -UR FIGHT mahta- (wield a weapon) -MAK FILL quat- (fut #quantuva is attested in
enquantuva, "will refill") -WJ:392, Nam; cf. KWAT FINAL tyelima, métima (ultimate, last); FINAL END
mande, manar (fortune, bliss, fate), telda (last)
-MC:222 cf. 215, MANAD, WJ:411 FINARFIN Arafinwë -MR:230 FIND #hir- (only fut hiruva is attested),
#tuv- (only perf #utúvië is attested [with
pronominal endings: utúvienyes "I have found it"]). It is
difficult to say what distintion in meaning there may be between these words
(if any at all); the verb #tuv- is evidently the same as tuvu- in
GL:71, there glossed "receive". -Nam/RGEO:67, LotR:1008 FINE tereva (acute, piercing) -TER FINE RAIN rossë (dew, spray) -ROS cf. Letters:282 FINGER lepsë; FINGERED #l
epta (isolated from
raccalepta "clawfingered") -LEP, SD:68, 72 FINGON Findecáno -PM:345 FINISH (vb) tele- (intransitive) (end) (so in
WJ:411 - LT1:267 gives telu-) telya- (transitive)
(wind up, conclude). Cf. also telma "conclusion, anything used to
finish off a work or affair", "often applied to the last item in a structure,
such as a coping-stone, or a topmost pinnacle." FINISH (noun)
telu -WJ:411, LT1:267 FINROD Findaráto -Silm:428/PM:346 FIRE úr (the stem from which this word is
derived was struck out in Etym. However, several words that must be derived
from this stem occur in LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored it. But a more
usual word for "fire" is apparently nár, nárë,
which appear [with the masculine ending -o] in the following names:)
SPIRIT OF FIRE Fëanáro (Fëanor), FELL FIRE
Aicanáro (Sharp Flame, Aegnor) (so in Silm:435; MR:323 has
Aicanár). LT1:265 has sá "fire", poetic form
sai, also sairin "fiery"; cf. also Sáya "the
fire-fay" in GL:66. LT:271 has the following "fire"-words: FIRE uru,
FIERY uruvoitë, ON FIRE urwa, LIKE FIRE urúva.
Cf. also FIREWOOD turu (but the word was also used of wood in
general). BOWL OF FIRE tanyasalpë (evindently #tanya
"fire" + #salpë "bowl") -UR, Silm:397, MR:217,
LT1:265, 270, 271, 292 FIRM tulca (strong, immovable, steadfast; Note: there
is a homonym meaning "fix, set up, establish"), tulunca (steady),
sanda (true, abiding), tanca (fixed, sure) -TULUK, LT1:270,
STAN, TAK FIRST minya (cf. Minyar "Firsts", the first clan among
the Elves), inga, *yesta; FIRSTBORN (= the Elves)
Minnónar. (*Yesta is corrected from the actual
reading esta; see BEGINNING. For FIRSTBORN, Etym has Estanessi,
which would similarly become *Yestanessi, but this word is propably
obsoleted by the later [TLT] form Minnónar. Writers should use
the latter word.) FIRST-BEGOTTEN Minyon (a personal name. The element
yon, translated "begotten", may be a reduced form of yondo "son".
Alternatively, and perhaps more likely, Minyon may be the adjective
minya "first" turned into a masculine name by adding the masculine
ending -on. In that case, the literal meaning is simply *"First One".
But it is possible that on is actually derived from the stem ONO
"beget", and that "First-begotten" really is the literal meaning.)
-MIN/Silm:434/WJ:420, ING, ESE, WJ:403 FISH lingwë (perhaps the general word, as opposed to
hala), SMALL FISH hala, "FISH-WATCHER"
(i.e., kingsfisher, a bird) halatir (halatirn-) or
halatirno -LIW, SKAL2, TIR FIST quárë (often used to mean "hand").
(In compounds -quar: Telperinquar = Sindarin
Celebrimbor, "Silver-Fist, Hand of Silver". The first version of the
stem KWAR yielded quár pl. quari.) -KWAR,
Silm:429/387 FIT mára (useful, good) -MAG FIVE lempë -LEP/GL:53 FIX panya- (set), tulca- (establish, set up. Note:
there is a homonym meaning "firm, steadfast, strong, immoveable"); FIXED
tanca (sure, firm); BE FIXED mar- (abide, be settled). FIXED TIME
asar (-th-, Vanyarin athar) (festival), FIXED IDEA see
IDEA -PAN, LT1:270 cf. TULUK, TAK, UT:317, WJ:399 FLAG ambal (shaped stone) -MBAL FLAME nár, nárë, velca;
SHARP-FLAME Aicanáro (so in Silm:435; MR:323 has
Aicanár), (Aegnor, Fell Fire), RED FLAME rúnya;
HEART OF FLAME Naira (a name of the Sun), FLAME-COLOURED
culina, culda (golden-red) -NAR1, LT1:260,
Silm:437, MR:198, KUL FLAT lára -DAL FLEECE uë -LT1:249 FLESH hrávë, sarco; FLESHY sarqua
-MR:349, LT2:347 FLINTHEARTED sincahonda -LotR:1015 cf. SD:68, 72?FLINTSTONE #sinca (isolated from sincahonda
"flinthearted") -LotR:1015 cf. SD:68, 72 FLOAT lutu- (LT1:273 has wili- "sail, float,
fly", but see FLY.) -LT1:249 FLOOD (tide), celumë (stream, flow, flowing),
ulundë, lúto; FLOODING (adj)
úlëa (flowing, pouring) -ULU, KEL/MC:223, LT1:249 FLOOR talan (pl talami) (ground); PAVED FLOOR
paca (court) -TAL, GL:63 FLOUR porë (meal) -POR FLOURISH (noun) rincë (quick shake) -RIK FLOW (vb) sir-, lutta-, lutu-;
FLOW, FLOWING (noun) celumë (stream, flood); FLOWING
(adj) úlëa (flooding, pouring), sírima
(liquid). -SIR, LT1:249, KEL/MC:223, LT1:265 FLOWER (large and single) lótë (often
-lot in compounds). (The word lótë is usually
applied to a large, single flower. From *ambalotsë
"uprising-flower" [q.v.] #lotsë can be isolated; this may be
the more general word for "flower".) FLOWER OF THE WEST (a floral
design) Númellóte. Cf. also indil,
"lily, or other large single flower". PUT FORTH LEAVES OR FLOWERS
*lohta- (corrected from the actual reading lokta because
Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya) (sprout)
-LOT(H), LT1:259, WJ:318, UT:227, 458, WJ:399, LT:258 FLUTE simpa, simpina (pipe); FLUTER timpinen
-LT1:266, 268 FLUTTERING TO AND FRO wilwa -MC:223 FLY wilin ("I fly", 1. pers. aorist), pa.t.
willë (cf. wili- "sail, float, fly" in LT1:273).
FLY OR STREAM IN THE WIND hlapu- (part. hlápula is
attested), FLYING rimpa (rushing); SEND FLYING horta-
-WIL, MC:223, RIP, KHOR FOAM (vb) falasta- (part. falastala is
attested); FOAM (noun) fallë, winga (spray),
wingë (wingi-) (crest [of wave], spindrift).
-MC:222/223, PHAL, WIG, LT1:273 FOG hísë (mist. Note: a homonym means
"dusk"), hiswë, hui (murk, dark, night) -KHIS,
LT1:253 FOIL (plant) asëa (þ)
-LotR:899 FOLIAGE olassië (collection of leaves)
-Letters:282 FOLK hos -LT2:340 FOLLOW hilya- FOLLOWER neuro; FOLLOWERS (an
Elvish name of Men) Hildor, Hildi (unattested sg
#Hildo; dative pl hildin is attested; cf also Hildinyar
"my heirs" in Aragorn's oath) -KHIL/Silm:116/122/403,
FS/WJ:387, LotR:1003, 1004 FOOD (cooked) apsa -AP FOOT tál (tal-) (These forms probably obsolete
tala pl talwi in LT2:347.) FOOTPRINT runya (slot)
-TAL, RUN FOR an (Nam: an
sí...Varda...máryat...ortanë, "for now...Varda...has
uplifted her hands". Note: an is also glossed "to, till".) English "for"
meaning "for the benefit of" will often be rendered by the dative ending
-n (pl -in); e.g. nin "for me". -Nam FORBID váquet- (refuse, say no) (1. pers. sg aorist
and past váquetin, váquenten are given)
avaquet- (refuse) (pa.t. is no doubt *avaquentë; cf.
quet- under SAY) -WJ:370, KWET#FORD tarna (This gloss is isolated from Taruktarna
"Oxford", q.v. Tolkien glossed tarna as "crossing, passage")
-LT1:347?FOREIGN (Tolkien's handwriting was illegible) ettelen
-ET FORESIGHT *apacen (lit. *"after-sight", a vision of
something that will come after the present. In MR:216, apacenyë is
translated "foresight"; yet the context and the form of the word itself clearly
indicates that it is actually the pl. form of an adjective #apacenya "of
foresight". The noun "foresight" is almost certainly *apacen; cf.
tercen "insight".) -MR:216 FOREST taurë ([great] wood) (pl. tauri is
attested), tauno, málos (the two latter may not be
valid words in mature Quenya) -TAWAR/Silm:438/MC:222 cf 215, LT2:342,
LT1:267 FORGE - LT1:250 gives tamin, but this word is probably
obsoleted by tamin "I tap" in Etym. FORM car- (make, q.v.) -WJ:391 FORMER, THE yara (that); FORMER DAYS
yárë; FORMER TIMES yalúmë; FORMERLY
yá (ago), BELONGING TO OR DESCENDING FROM FORMER TIMES
yára (ancient) -YA FORSAKE hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is given but seems
perfectly regular) (put aside, leave out, exclude, abandon); FORSAKEN ELVES
see EGLATH. ONE LOST OR FORSAKEN BY FRIENDS hecil
(gender-spesific forms are hecilo m. and hecilë f.)
(waif, outcast, outlaw) -WJ:365 FORT arta (fortress) (Note: arta also means "across,
athwart") -GARAT (see 3AR) FORTH et- (prefix) (out) -ET FORTRESS arta (fort) (Note: arta also means "across,
athwart") -GARAT (see 3AR) FORTUNE (good) alma (weal, wealth);
mandë, manar (final end, doom, fate); heren
(governance, what is in store for one or what one has in store); marto
(fate, lot); FORTUNATE herenya (wealthy, blessed, rich) -GALA,
MAN/MANAD, KHER, LT2:348 FOUL saura (þ) (evil-smelling, putrid); in compounds
sauri- as in FOULBELLIED sauricumba -THUS, SD:68, 72 FOUNDATION talma (base, root) -TAL FOUNTAIN ehtelë (issue of water, spring).The actual
readng in LT1 and LT2 is ektelë, but Tolkien later decided that
kt became ht in Quenya. The new form of the word is attested in
Silm. LT also gives the form kektelë, that would likewise become
*cehtelë.) -LT1:257, LT2:338 FOUR canta, (prefix:) can- -KANÁT FOX rusco -PM:353 FREE mirima (of a person, as opposed to the following:)
latin, latina (open, cleared [of land]). (A word
fairë "free" is mentioned in LT1:250, but may be
obsolete: several other meanings are attributed to this word in later writings
[see DEATH, PHANTOM, RADIANCE]. However, fairië "freedom" does not
clash with later words.) FREE FROM EVIL aman (see BLESSED) -LAT,
MIS, WJ:399 FREEZE niquë- ("it is cold, it freezes"). LT1:254 gives
hilcin "it freezes", but in mature Quenya this will have to mean, if
anything, "I freeze" (1. pers. aorist). -WJ:417, LT1:254 FREQUENT rimba -RIM FRESH venya, wenya (yellow-green, green); FRESHNESS
vén, wén (youth, greenness) -GWEN FRESHLET celussë (water falling out swiftly from a rocky
spring) -UT:426 FRIEND málo, meldo (pl meldor is
attested), nildo (m.), nildë (f.),
sermo, seron (m.), sermë (f.), -ser
(final element in compounds), -(n)dil (final
element in compounds, e.g. Elendil, Anardil, Valandil -
sometimes translated "lover" rather than "friend". When the first part of the
compound ends in l, n, or r, the n of -ndil
is left out). FRIENDLY nilda (lovely), FRIENDSHIP
nilmë -MEL, WJ:412, NIL, SER, Letters:386 FROM ho - English "from" will often be rendered by the
ablative case, endings -llo, pl -llon or -llor, dual
-lto, e.g. Eärello *"from the Sea". -3O,
LotR:1003 FROST nixë, ringwë (rime), FROST-PATTERNS
niquis, niquessë (the latter by association with
quessë "feather") -WJ:417, LT1:265 FROZEN halcin -LT1:254 FRUIT yávë (so in Etym and Silm:439; LT1:273 has
yáva). BEAR FRUIT yavin (which must mean *"I bear
fruit", stem #yav-. Tolkien often employs the 1. person aorist when
mentioning a verb in his wordlists.) -YAB, LT1:273 FULL quanta; FULLY aqua (completely, altogether,
wholly); FULL STOP (in Tengwar punctuation - probably the symbol
:) pusta (stop) -KWAT, WJ:392, PUS FUNGUS hwan (pl hwandi) (sponge) -SWADtop
GALADRIEL Altáriel (Altariell-;
gen. Altariello is attested. Altáriel is the
form used in Noldorin Quenya, Galadriel's own mother-tongue; the Telerin form
is Alatáriel [UT:266]. According to PM:347 [that gives
Altariel with no long á] the true Quenya equivalent of the
Telerin form would have been Ñaltariel, but this form was
apparently not used.) -Silm:433, RGEO:66 GAME tyalië (sport, play) -TYAL/LT1:260 GANDALF Olórin (his name in Valinor, derived from a
stem meaning "dream" - not an actual translation of "Gandalf", meaning "Elf of
the Wand", a name he was given by people who did not know that he was actually
a Maia.) -LotR:391, UT:396 cf. 391 GAOL #mando (isolated from Angamando "Iron-Gaol";
mando is also defined as "safe keeping"). -MR:350 GAP fásë (gulf) -GL:36 GARLAND ría (wreathe); MAIDEN CROWNED WITH A FESTIVAL
GARLAND riellë -PM:347 GASH cirissë (slash), hyatsë (cleft)
-KIRIS, SYAD GATE ando; GREAT GATE andon (pl andondi).
(LT1:264 has osto "the gates of the Sun" and Ostor "East", but
in mature Quenya osto means "town".) -AD, LotR:1157, LT1:264 GATHER hosta- (collect, assemble); GATHERING (of three or more
coming from different directions) yomenië (meeting) -MC:223,
WJ:407 GENEROUS faila (fair-minded, just) -PM:352 GENTLE moica (soft), GENTLE BREEZE vílë
-GL:58, LT1:273 GET LOW (of the Sun) númeta-, númenda-
-LT1:263 GERM erdë (seed. Note: a homonym means "person".)
-ERÉD GESTURE-CODE hwermë -WJ:395 GIANT norsa (þ) (see also MONSTER)
-NOROTH GIFT anna; GIVE anta- (present); GIVER
antë (f), anto (m) (the latter word from
Etym is probably obsoleted by anto "mouth" in LotR:1157 - an alternative
word for "[male] giver" might be *antaro). LAND OF GIFT (a name
of Númenor) Andor (haplology of *Annandor),
DEAR GIFT (the meaning of Melian's name) Melyanna -ANA,
LotR:1157, Silm:313, 434 GIMILZÔR Telemnar -UT:223 GIMLET teret (auger) -LT1:255 GIRDLE #lesta (isolated from #Lestanórë;
see DORIATH. #Lesta is the cognate of Sindarin lest as in Lest
[or List] Melian "the Girdle of Melian" [WJ:228]. Note:
#lesta also means "measure".) -WJ:369, Silm:390 GIRL wen (pl. wendi) (maid) -LT1:271 GIVE anta- -ANA GIVE BIRTH nosta- (but in later sources, nost
a-
is glossed "beget") -LT1:272 GIVEN (OR ADDED) NAME anessë (pl anessi is
attested. This word encompasses both "after-names" and "mother-names".)
-MR:217 GLAMHOTH Sancossi (see GOBLIN) -LT2:341 GLASS hyellë; LITTLE GLASS lipil. Cf.
also vírin, "a magic glassy substance of great lucency used in
fashioning the Moon" -KHYEL, LT1:258, LT2:339 GLAURUNG see GLORUND GLEAM (WHITE) ilca- (part. ilcala is attested)
-MC:223 GLINT (vb) tinë (pres 3. pers sg);
GLINT (noun) tindë, wintil; GLINTING
tinda (silver) -TIN, LT1:261 GLITTER mirilya-; GLITTERING rilya (brilliance);
GLITTERING LIGHT rilma; GLITTERING REFLECTION nalta (radiance -
alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form. In PM:347, nalta
is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng
had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR
and transcribe it accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the
initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not
númen.) -MBIRIL, RIL, PM:347 GLOBE coron; GLOBED corna (round) -KOR GLOOM ungwë, lumbë (shadow); GLOOMY morna
(black, dark, sombre), huinë (darkness, shadow),
lómë (night, twilight, darkness, dusk), yaru; CHILD
OF GLOOM lómëar (probably not a valid word in mature
Quenya) -UÑG, LUM, GL:37, LT1:255, Silm:431 GLORIOUS alcarinqua (radiant) (The shorter form alcarin
is attested as a title of king Atanatar II. Cf. also
Alcarinquë, a name of Jupiter.) -AKLA-R-, WJ:412,
RGEO:73/LotR:1075, Silm:55 GLORUND, GLORUNN Laurundo, Undolaurë (Tolkien
later changed Glorund to Glaurung. Read *Laurungo, *Ungolaurë
in Quenya?) -LT2:341 GLORY alcar,
alcarë (splendour, brilliance)
-AKLA-R-/RGEO:73/ UT:317/WJ:369/Silm:427 GNOME
(only = wise one, Noldo) Noldo (spelt Ngoldo
in tengwar writing, reflecting the earlier pronounciation); pl. Noldor
is attested. GNOMISH (general adjective:) Noldorinwa,
(Gnomish language:) Noldorin, GNOME-LAND Noldomar
-LT1:262, Silm:61, LotR:1157 GO lelya- or linna- (pa.t. lendë in both
cases) (proceed, travel); vanya- (pa.t. vannë)
(depart, disappear), GO ROUND pel- (revolve, return); GO ATHWART
tara- (cross); GO AWAY auta- (leave, pass); pa.t.
oantë, oantië (in the physical sense "went away
[to another place]", vánë ("the most frequently used
past [tense]" - less "physical" than oantë, rather meaning to be
lost or to disappear), also anwë (this pa.t. was "only found
in archaic language"), perf. avánië (pl
avánier is attested); perf. vánië with no
augment may occur in verse. GONE vanwa (departed, vanished, dead,
lost, past and over, no longer to be had) BE GONE! heca! - also with
pronominal affixes: sg hecat, pl hecal "you be gone!" (stand
aside!) -WJ:363, LED, PEL, LT2:347, WAN, Nam, WJ:364, 366 GOAT - she-goat: nyéni -LT1:262 GOBLET súlo, fion -SUG (see SUK),
LT1:253 GOBLIN (Orc) urco (pl urqui) or orco
(pl. orqui or orcor); THE GOBLINS Sancossi
(sancë "hateful" + hossi "armies", said to be the
Quenya equivalent of Sindarin Glamhoth) -ÓROK,
LT2:202/MR:74/WJ:390, LT2:341 GOD Eru ("The One, He that is Alone", a proper name that can
hardly be used as a common noun meaning "god" in general. Eru obsoletes
Enu in LT2:343), Ilúvatar "Father of All",
Ainatar *"Holy-Father" (titles of God), PAGAN GOD
ainu, PAGAN GODDESS aini (angelic spirit, holy
one). (As Christopher Tolkien notes, the Ainur are of course not "pagan" to
the people of Middle-earth. In Etym and Silm, Ainu/Aini is capitalized.)
-Silm:15/396/431, LT1:248 cf. AYAN and Silm:426 GOLD (the metal) malta (so in LotR - Etym has
malda [stem SMAL], but cf. smalta mentioned under
LAWAR); GOLD laurë (= "not the metal but
the colour, what we should call golden light", Letters:308, "of light and
colour, not of the metal", Silm:433, "not a metallic word. It was applied to
those things which we often call 'golden' though they do not much resemble
metallic gold: golden light, especially sunlight", RGEO:70, "a word for golden
light or colour, never used for the metal", PM:353, "light of the golden Tree
Laurelin", LR:368; a "mystic name" of gold, LT1:255 [no doubt an
obsolete notion]; in LT1:258 and LT2:341 the gloss is simply "gold".) RED
GOLD +cullo (obsoleting culu in LT2:341? In LT1:255 culu
is said to be a poetic word for "gold", but also used mythically as a name
of all red and yellow metals), GOLDEN laurëa (pl
laurië is attested; LT1:258 has laurina), GOLDEN-RED
culda, culina (flame-coloured); (cf. Silm. Appendix: "cul-
'golden-red' in Culúrien") -LotR:1157/SMAL,
Letters:308/RGEO:70/LAWAR, KUL, RGEO:70/Nam, Silm:429 GONDOLIN Ondolindë ("Stone Song", so in Silm:149, 415;
LT1:254 gives Ondolinda, changed from Ondolin) -LT1:254 GONE vanwa (departed, lost, past) -WAN, Nam GONG tombo -LT1:269 GOOD (of things) mára (fit
, useful), GOOD
(morally good) manë; GOODBYE mára mesta
-MAG (see MA3), LT1:260, Arct GOODS armar (sg #arma if there is a sg)
-3AR GOOSE ván, wán (pl. váni
is given, but seems perfectly regular) -WA-N- GORE nasta (spearhead, point, triangle), nehtë
(spearhead, narrow promontory, wedge), mear (from a root possibly
meaning "ooze") -SNAS, UT:282, LT1:260 GORGE cilya (pass between hills, cleft) (so in Etym, but cf.
#cirya in the name Calacirya "Pass of Light" [gen. Calaciryo
in Namárië] - though this clashes with cirya "ship". An
early version of Namárië actually had Calacilyo, not
Calaciryo; see An Introduction to Elvish p. 5) -KIL GORTHAUR Sauron (þ) -Silm:418 cf. THUS GOTHMOG Cosomot (prob. *Cosomoc-, cf the alternative
form Cosomoco) -LT1:258 GOVERN turin ("I...govern", 1. pers. aorist), pa.t.
turnë (wield, control). LT1:273 has vard- "rule,
govern", but this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya. -TUR GOVERNANCE heren (fortune) -KHER GOVERNOR cáno (see COMMANDER), (governor,
chieftain, commander) -PM:345 GRADE #tyellë (only pl tyeller is attested -
note irregular plural instead of the expected form **tyelli)
-LotR:1153 GRAMMAR tengwesta (system or code of signs) -TEK cf. WJ:394 GRANDCHILD indyo (descendant) (Indyo looks like
Vanyarin Quenya; the combination ndy became ny in Noldorin Quenya
[see MIDDLE]. The Noldor likely used the form *inyo.) -ÑGYO(N) GRANT lav- (yield, allow) -DAB GRASP mapa- (seize) This word was struck out in one of
Tolkien's earlier word-lists, but in Etym it was restored. -MAP, LT2:339
GRASS salquë, (stiff and dry:) sara
(þ) (bent) -SALAK, STAR GREAT velicë (possibly obsolete in mature Quenya: In
LT1:254 velicë is said to correspond to Gnomish beleg, but
according to LR:352 the stem from which beleg is derived is "not found
in Q[uenya]"). GREAT (in size) alta (large) (The form
alat- is used in compounds when the next word has an initial vowel, as
in Alatairë. Tolkien's gloss of alta, alat- was
actually illegible, and I give the root meaning of the stem ÁLAT. The
meaning of the Quenya word cannot differ too widely from it, for
Alatairë is said to correspond to "Noldorin"
Belegoer [mature Sindarin Belegaer], The Great Sea.) -LT1:254,
ÁLAT cf. BEL, cf. Silm:428 GREAT BEAR see SICKLE OF THE VALAR. GREAT LONGING mavoinë -LT2:345 GREAT NUMBER - in a very great number: úvëa
(abundance) -UB GREAT QUANTITY úvë (abundance) -UB GREAT WOOD taurë (forest) -TAWAR GREED milmë; GREEDY milca -MIL-IK GREEN laiqu
a (so in Etym - Letters:282 has laica, meaning
something wholly different ["keen, piercing"] in LT2:337), ezel,
ezella (adopted from Valarin; only used in Vanyarin
Quenya), GREEN-ELVES Laiquendi (probably a haplology of
*Laiquaquendi, this word was not much used according to WJ),
wenya (yellow-green, fresh); GREENNESS wén,
laiquassë (freshness, youth) -LÁYAK/LT1:267, WJ:399,
GWEN, WJ:385, LT1:267 GREY #mista (isolated from lassemista "leaf-grey"),
hiswa, sinda (þ) (WJ has sindë
"pale or silvery grey", but sinda is given in Silm:438 and the
words sindanoriello "from a grey land", Sindacollo "Grey-cloak"
and Sindar "Grey-Elves, *Grey Ones" all point to sinda as the
Quenya word for "grey".) GREY-ELVES Sindar (þ) (sg.
Sinda), less commonly Sindeldi (sg Sindel);
GREY-CLOAK Sindacollo, Singollo (þ) (so in
Silm:421; MR:217 has Sindicollo); GREY-ELVEN sindarinwa
(adj), Sindarin (= Grey-Elven language) (þ)
-LotR:505 cf. Letters:224, KHIS, LotR:1171, Silm:438, THIN/WJ:384, Nam,
Silm:419, WJ:384, LotR:1157, 1161 GRIEF nyérë (sorrow). Pl. probably
*nyérer not *nyéri; cf. the similar formation
tyávë "taste" pl. tyáver. The noun
nyérë points to a verbal stem *nyer- "grieve".
-GL:60/LT1:261 GROT (small) rotto (tunnel) -PM:365 GROUND talan (pl talami) (floor) -TALAM GROW FAT tiuya- -TIW GROWL (vb) yarra- (snarl), (of dogs:)
núru- (grumble); GROWL (noun) nur (complaint)
-MC:223, LT1:263 GRUMBLE (vb) nurru- (murmur), núru- (growl
[of dogs]). (These may simply be two forms of the same word. Nurru-
is by far the later [TLT] form.) GRUMBLING (adj) nurrua
-MC:223, LT1:263 GUARD - use the word glossed "watch, heed", q.v. Cf. LT1:258. For
"guard" as a noun, #tirno "watcher" may be isolated from halatirno
(see FISHWATCHER) GUESS (vb) intya-; GUESS (noun) intya
(supposition, idea) GULF yáwë (cleft, ravine), fásë
(gap) -YAG, GL:36 GULL maiwë -MIW GYRATE hwinya- (eddy, swirl) -SWINtop
HABIT haimë -KHIM HABITATION imbar (Imbar was an Elvish name of the Earth
as the prinicipal part of Arda; the form Ambar may be more usual and is
found in LotR.) -MR:337, WJ:419, 402, LotR:1003 HAIL aiya (so in LotR; LT1:248 has áyë)
-LotR:747, 950 cf. Letters:385 HAIR loxë; TANGLED HAIR fassë; LOCK OF HAIR
findë (defined as "a tress or plait of hair" in PM:345; LT2:341
has findl, an impossible form in mature Quenya), HEAD OF HAIR, A
PERSON'S HAIR AS A WHOLE findessë -LOKH, PHAS, SPIN,
PM:345 HALF-ELVEN (noun, pl) Pereldar (Sindarin
Peredhil, LotR:1071) -Letters:386 HALL #mardë (isolated from oromardi "lofty halls,
high-halls"); ROCKHEWN HALL hróta- (artificial cave,
rockhewn hall) -Nam/RGEO:66, PM:365 HALLOW aitita- -Vinyar Tengwar #32 p. 7 HALVE perya- (devide in middle) (After perya, a word
perina is mentioned - it is undefined but must be the corresponding past
participle, *"halved, divided in middle".) -PER HAMMER (vb) namba-; HAMMER (noun) namba
-NDAM HAMS hacca (buttocks) -GL:47 HAND má (pl. allative mannar "into...hands" is
attested; the long á evidently becomes short a before a
consonant cluster), quárë (the latter is properly
"fist", but was often used for "hand" - see FIST); HOLLOW OF HAND
cambë; HAVING HANDS mavoitë; HANDY, HANDED
maitë (skilled) (pl. maisi. When maitë is the
final element of names, it is translated "handed" instead of "handy", e.g.
Angamaitë "Iron-handed", morimaitë "blackhanded")
-MA3/LT2:339, FS, KWAR/Silm:429, KAB, LotR:1085 cf. Letters:425,
LotR:1015/SD:68, 72, UT:460 HANDLE mahta- -MA3 HANG linga- (dangle) -LING HAPPEN - LT2:348 gives mart- "it happens" (impersonal).
Perhaps read *marta- in mature Quenya, though that would clash with
marta "fey, fated". HAPPY valin (LT1:272 also gives valimo, but
adjectives ending in -o do not occur in mature Quenya), HAPPINESS
vald- (so in LT1:272; nom. sg. must be either *val or
*valdë) (blessedness) -LT1:272 HARBOUR hópa (haven, bay - obsoleting cópa,
cópas in LT1:257); HARBOURAGE hopassë
-KHOP HARD nauca (ill-shapen, twisted, *small - see SMALL.)
-WJ:413 HARE lapattë -GL:52 HARP (vb) nanda-; HARP (noun) nandë;
LITTLE HARP nandellë; HARPING (noun, not adjectival participle)
nandelë; HARPER nandaro, HARP-PLAYER
tyalangan. (In Etym, all but the last of these words are spelt with
initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n
in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it
accordingly. But if these words are written in Tengwar, the initial n
should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not
númen.) HARP-PLAYING salmë. -NGAN, TYAL; cf.
LotR:1157, LT1:265 HARSH naraca (rending, violent) -NÁRAK HARVEST yávië (autumn) - evidently obsoleting
yávan in LT1:273. In the Calendar of Imladris,
yávië was a precisely defined period of 52 days, but the
word was also used without any exact definition. Note: yávië
probably refers to harvest time only, not "harvest" in the sense
"harvested products", though it is derived from a stem meaning "fruit".
-LotR:1142, 1145 HASP tangwa (clasp) -TAK HASTE ormë (wrath, violence, rushing); HASTY orna,
tyelca (agile) -GOR, KHOR, PM:353 HAT táta -GL:71 HATE (vb) tevë- (aorist form); LT1:258
has mokir "I hate", read *mocin in mature Quenya? HATEFUL
sancë; HATRED tevië, tevin -LT1:268,
LT2:341 HAVE - see POSSESS. Cf also NO LONGER TO BE HAD
vanwa (gone, dead, departed, lost, past, vanished) -WJ:366 HAVEN hópa (harbour, bay) londë (as in
Alqualondë "Haven of the Swans", UT:417 - but elsewhere
londë is glossed "entrance to harbour, road in sea")
-KHOP ?HAWK fion (pl fioni, fiondi)
(Tolkien's gloss was "not certainly legible; the likeliest interpretation
would be 'haste', but 'hawk' is a possibility." The translation "haste" is out
of the question, as this word would have no plural form. Besides, a quite
different word for "haste" [ormë] is known.) -PHI HE pronominal ending -ro + lengthening of the
previous vowel, e.g. antaváro he will give (so in LR:63,
probably *antuváro in mature Quenya). There is also the ending
-s, that covers the entire 3. person sg: "he, she, it". It is uncertain
what the independent word for "he, even he" might be. LR:63 has e, a
word that appears in Sindarin as well (SD:129). Does it also cover "she, it"?
Cf. HIM, HIS. HEAD cár (cas-), nóla (round head,
knoll); HEAD OF HAIR findessë (see HAIR). -KAS, NDOL,
PM:345 HEAL #envinyata- (isolated from the past participle
envinyanta "healed". The literal meanings are *"renew" and
"renewed", cf. Aragorn's title Envinyatar "Renewer" [q.v.])
-MR:405 HEAR #hlar- (only fut hlaruva is attested)
-MC:222 HEARING (adj) lasta (listening)
-LAS2 HEART hón (physical heart), órë
(inner mind - concerning this word, see SPIRIT) (Note: a homonym means
"rising"), indo (mind, mood), elwen; -HEARTED
#honda (isolated from sincahonda "flinthearted").
EYES OF HEARTSEASE (a name of the pansy) Helinyetillë HEART
OF FLAME Naira (a name of the Sun), -KHÔ-N-, LotR:1157,
ID, LT1:255, LotR:1015 cf. SD:68, 72, LT1:262, MR:198 HEAT úrë (The stem from which this word must be
derived was struck out in Etym, but the word occurs in LotR itself, indicating
that Tolkien restored the stem in question.) SMOULDERING HEAT, RED [?HEAT]
(Tolkies handwriting was illegible) yulmë (Note: a homonym means "drinking, carousal") -LotR:1157 cf. UR; YUL HEAVE #amorta- (only part. amortala is attested),
HEAVE (of large and heavy things:) rúma- (shift, move)
(part. rúmala is attested) -MC:222 cf. 215, MC:223,
222 HEAVENS, THE menel (a sg word, "heaven", as opposed to its
English translation), ilwë (sky). -Silm:434/MC:222 cf. 215,
LT1:255 HEAVY lunga -LUG HEDGE (jagged hedge of spikes) caraxë
-KARAK HEED tirin ("I watch", *"I heed", 1. pers. aorist),
pa.t. tirnë; fut. tiruva "shall heed" is attested; also
cim-. -MC:222 cf. 214, TIR, GL:39 HEIGHT #tárië (only allative tárienna
"to the height" is attested) -LotR:989 cf. Letters:308 HEIR aryon (also haryon is glossed as "heir", but
this gloss is paranthetic and "prince" is given as the primary meaning.
Hildinyar is translated "my heirs" in Aragorn's oath; it appears that
this is actually a form of hildo "follower".) -GAR (see 3AR),
LotR:1003, 1004 HELL Angamando ("Iron-prison", Morgoth's dungeon-fortress in
the First Age. This is the form given in MR; Etym has Angamanda,
LT1:249/252 has Angamandu/Angamandi or Eremandu "Hells of
Iron". In LT1:259, Mandos is glossed "hell", but Mandos was simply the
halls of the dead and not a place of torture. GL:51 also has fatanyu.)
-MR:350, MBAD HELMET cassa -KAS HEM ríma (edge, border), HEM OF ROBE lappa
-RÎ, GL:52 HER 1. (object form of she) - the ending -s
(also covering "it, *him". Utúvienyes [LotR:1008] is translated
"I have found it", but it could probably mean "I have found her/him" as well.)
Case endings may be attached to se, e.g. dative *sen "for her".
2. HER (genitive, = of her) -rya (possessive
suffix, e.g. aratarya "her sublimity" [WJ:369], máryat
"her hands" [Nam].) This ending covers the entire 3. pers sg and also means
"his" and *"its".) -WJ:369 HERO callo (noble man). LT1:268 also has mordo
"warrior, hero", but in mature Quenya mordo means "obscurity,
shadow, stain". -KAL HEW *pelehta- (corrected from the actual reading
pelekta-, since Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in
Quenya) -LT2:346 HIDE #nurta- (verbal stem isolated from the verbal noun
nurtalë "hiding" in Silm:120), #lom- (LT1:255 gives
lomir "I hide"; this would become *lomin in mature Quenya),
moru- -LT1:261 HIDING nurtalë -Silm:120 HIDDEN muina (secret), halda (veiled, shadowed,
shady), foina, furin/hurin (concealed); DARK OR
HIDDEN tumna (low-lying, low, profound, deep) -MUY, SKAL, LT2:340,
LT1:271 HIDEOUS CREATURE ulundo (deformed creature, monster)
-ÚLUG HIGH tára (lofty, tall), oro- (in compounds:
oromardi "high-halls"). The element #Ar- in
Arfanyarassë (a name of Taniquetil) is said to mean "high (i.e.,
noble, revered)". Cf. also tar- in tarquesta "high speech".
-WJ:417, Nam/RGEO:66, WJ:416, TÂ HIGH ELVES Tarquendi; HIGH-ELVES Tareldar -TA,
MC:349 HIGH ONES Aratar (sg #Arata, cf. PM:363). The Aratar
are the mightiest of the Valar: Manwë, Varda, Ulmo, Yavanna, Aulë,
Mandos, Nienna, and Oromë. Aratar is also rendered "The Supreme,
Exalted Ones". -Silm 32/381, WJ:402 HIGH SPEECH (= Quenya) Tarquesta -TÂ HILL #ambo (only allative pl. ambonnar is attested);
tundo (mound), oro; ISOLATED ROUND HILL tolmen
(boss of shield) -HILL-SIDE amban (upward slope) (probably
obsoleting amun(d) in LT2:335) -MC:222, LT1:269, TUN, LT1:256,
AM HIM - probably the ending -s (also covering "it, *her".
Utúvienyes [LotR:1008] is translated "I have found it", but it
could probably mean "I have found him/her" as well.) Case endings may be
attached to so, e.g. dative *son "for him" HINDMOST tella (last); THE HINDMOST Teleri (the
Last-comers) -TELES, Silm:421 HIS -rya (possessive suffix, e.g. coarya his house.
This ending covers the entire 3. pers sg and also means "her" and *"its".)
-WJ:369 HISTORY nyárë (tale, saga), quenta,
quentalë (account), lúmequentalë,
lúmequenta (chronological account); HISTORICAL
lúmequentalëa -NAR2 , KWET, LU HIVE nierwes -LT1:262 HOARD foa (treasure) -LT2:340 HOLE latta (pit - Note: a homonym means "strap"),
assa (perforation, opening, mouth) -DAT, GAS HOLLOW (noun) unquë, HOLLOW (adj) unqua,
ronta, rotwa; HOLLOW OUT unca--UNUK, LotR:1157, LT2:347 HOLLOWBOLD Návarot (Nogrod, Novrod)
-WJ:389 HOLLY ercassë (probably obsoleting piosenna
in LT2:347) -ERÉK HOLY aina, airë; HOLY ONE ainu (m.),
aini (f.) (angelic spirit, god); HOLY PLACE yána
(fane, sanctuary) -AYAN/WJ:399, Nam, YAN HOLYDAY meryalë -MBER HOME már (also used of the "home" or native land of
peoples). Short form mar as the final element of compounds:
Eldamar "Elvenhome"; the vowel is also short in Mar-nu-falmar,
"the Land [lit. Home] under the Waves". -Silm:408, 428 HOMESTEAD osta -LT2:336 HONEY lis (liss-) (LT1:262 gives nektë,
read *nehtë in mature Quenya.) HONEY-BEE nier, nion
-LIS, LT1:262/GL:60 HOOD telmë (covering) -TEL HOOK ampa, atsa (claw, catch); HOOKED rempa
(crooked) -LotR:1157, GAT, REP HOPE (noun) estel -WJ:318 (where it is stated that
this word was used in Quenya as well as in Sindarin. Here the word is defined
as "'hope', sc. a temper of mind, steady, fixed in purpose, and difficult to
dissuade and unlikely to fall into despair or abandon its purpose". In MR:320,
estel is translated "trust".) HORDE horma (host) -LT2:341 HORN rassë ("especially on living animal, but also
applied to mountains". Cf. Rasmund "horned bull" in Letters:423 [this
may not be pure Quenya] and Arfanyaras, Arfanyarassë "high
white-shining peak [*horn]", alternative name of Taniquetil), romba
(so in Etym and one place in WJ [p. 400: romba = "horn, trumpet"]
but on p. 368 róma is used for "horn", though this
is glossed "trumpet-sound" in Etym), HORN OF ULMO hyalma (shell,
conch), tildë (point), (horn of animal:) tarca
(probably obsoleting taru in LT2); HORNED tarucca
(perhaps obsoleted together with taru), THE HORNED Tilion
(a name of the Moon) -RAS, WJ:403/416, ROM/WJ:401 contrast 368,
SYAL, TIL, TARÁK, LT2:337,347, Silm:438 HORROR - rucin is glossed "I feel fear or horror" (1. pers.
aorist), constructed with "from" of the object feared (e.g. *rucin Orcollon
"I fear Orcs") -WJ:415 HORSE rocco (defined as "swift horse for riding" in
Letters:382), mairo; HORSEMAN roquen (rider, knight)
-ROK/Letters:282, 382, GL:56, WJ:372/UT:282 HOST rimbë (crowd), horma (horde)
-RIM/Letters:178, 382, LT2:341 HOSTILE cotya -KOT HOT saiwa; BLAZING HOT úrin (Úrin
is also a name of the Sun) -LT1:248/265, LT1:271 HOUND huan (hún-); HOUND OF CHASE ronyo
-KHUG (see KHUGAN), ROY HOUR lúmë (so translated in LotR; in Etym the
gloss is simply "time". Allative lúmenna is attested. Note:
lúmë also means "darkness".) -LU, LotR:94, WJ:367 HOUSE coa (prob. the most neutral word),
opelë (walled house), car (card-) (building),
nossë (clan, family, kin, people) (LT2:336 gives indo
"house" and os(t) "house and cottage"; these words are probably
obsolete - in mature Quenya indo means "heart", while osto means
"city". Also indor "master of house" must be obsolete.) LIGHT OF THE
HOUSE coacalina (a metaphor for the soul [fëa] dwelling
inside the body [hroa]) -WJ:369/MR:250, PEL(ES), KAR, NÔ/LT1:250,
343, MR:250 HOW manen -PM:395 HUMAN firya (lit. *"mortal"; nominal pl. Firyar is
attested) -PHIR, WJ:219 HUMBLED nucumna -SD:246 HUMP tumpo; HUMPBACK cauco, HUMPED cauca (bent,
crooked) -TUMPU, LT1:257 HUNT (noun), HUNTING raimë (No verb "to hunt" is
given in Etym, but roita- "pursue" is derived from the
same stem and can probably be translated *"hunt" as well. LT1:260 has rauta-
"hunt".) -ROY1 HUSBAND verno; HUSBAND AND WIFE veru (married pair)
-BES HUSH quildë (rest, quiet) -GL:23top
I (1. pers. sg) inyë (independent
pronoun, used for emphasis: *"even I"), -n or -nyë
(endings used on verbs, e.g. ávan, ványë
"I [-n/-nyë] will not", maruvan "I [-n]
will abide"). The long form -nye must be used if another
pronominal ending is to be added after it: utúvienyes, "I
[-nye-] have found it [-s]". In the "Arctic" sentence, ni
is translated "I"; this may be a shorter (non-emphatic?) form of
inyë. The dative pronoun nin "for me" is transparently ni
+ the dative ending -n; other case endings may also be added to
ni. -LR:61, WJ:371, LotR:1008/1003, Arct ICE helcë; ICE-COLD helca (so in
LT1:254 and Silm; Etym has helc, evidently a misprint - it would be the
only Quenya word ending in -lc in the entire corpus.)
-LT1:254/Silm:433/KHEL IDEA intya (guess, supposition), *selma (þ)
("a fixed idea, will". In WJ:319, the word is given as Selma, but
S (th) would become s in Noldorin Quenya. Cf.
Sindë, sindë in WJ:384; see GREY) -INK,
WJ:319 IDOL cordon -LT1:257 IDRIL Itaril, Itarillë, Itarildë
(obsoleting Irildë in LT2:343)
-PM:346/Silm:436 IF ANYBODY aiquen (whoever) -WJ:372 ILL laiwa (sick, sickly) -SLIW ILL-SHAPEN nauca (hard, twisted, *small - see SMALL.)
-WJ:413 ILLUMINATE calya- -KAL
IMAGINATION nausë (þ) -NOWO
IMMORTAL ilfirin -PHIR IMMOVEABLE
tulca (firm, strong, steadfast; Note:
there is a homonym meaning "fix, set up, establish") -TULUK cf.
LT1:270 IMPLEMENT (prob. noun) yaima -GL:37 IMPOSSIBLE TO RECOUNT únyárima ("sc. because
all the facts are not known, or the tale is too long"), IMPOSSIBLE
TO SAY/PUT INTO WORDS úquétima (unpronounceable,
unspeakable) -WJ:370 IMPULSE hórë; IMPULSION hórëa
-KHOR IN mi (within), IN THE mí (for *mi i?)
(The version of Nam in LotR has mi where the version in RGEO:66 has the
more correct form mí.) -MI, Nam, RGEO:66 IN A VERY GREAT NUMBER úvëa (abundant) -UB INCARNATE (noun) #mirroanwë (only pl.
mirroanwi "incarnates" is attested)
-MR:350 INCITEMENT siulë -SIW
INCLINE (noun) talta -TALÁT
INCLINED penda (sloping down) -PEN
INDICATE tana- (show) (Note: tana also means "that".
INDICATION tengwë (sign, token, writing - pl tengwi
is attested) -MR:385, WJ:394, 395 cf. TEK INLANDS Mittalmar (the central region of Númenor)
-UT:165, 454 INNER MIND órë (heart) (Note: a homonym means
"rising") -LotR:1157 INSIDE, TO THE mir, minna (into) -MI INSIGHT tercen; OF INSIGHT, lit *INSIGHTFUL #tercenya
(only pl tercenyë is attested) -MR:230 INTELLECT handelë; INTELLIGENCE handassë; INTELLIGENT
handa (understanding) -KHAN INTERIOR (adj) mitya -MI INVENT auta- (devise, originate) (Note: a homonym means
"pass"); INVENTION aulë -GAWA INZILADÛN Palantir -UT:223, Silm:324 IRELAND Íverind- (As indicated by the hyphen, some
ending is needed - a Quenya word cannot end in nd. The normal nominative
form must be *Íverin, becoming Íverind(e)- before
an ending, e.g. genitive *Íverindo, locative
*Íverindessë [cf. Lórien, locative
Lóriendessë]. The name is also given as Íwerin
or Iverindor, "an island off the west coast of Tol Eressëa" -
Eressëa later becoming England in this early version of Tolkien's
mythology.) -LT2:344, cf 285 IRON anga, IRON or STEEL erë, eren;
OF IRON angaina; IRON-HANDED Angamaitë; IRON-GAOL
Angamando (Angband) -ANGÂ/LotR:1157, LT1:252, LT1:249,
268, Letters:425 cf. LotR:1085, MR:350 ÍRITH Irissë -PM:345 IS see BE ISLAND, ISLE lóna, tol (pl tollë
according to Etym, tolli in LT1:85. According to Silm:438, tol
is used of islands "rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river".
LT1:269 defines a tol as "any rise standing alone in water, plain of
green, etc.") THE LONELY ISLE Tol Eressëa (tol "isle"
often being omitted) -LONO, TOL, RGEO:70 ISOLATED ROUND HILL tolmen (boss of shield) -LT1:269 ISOLATED TOWER mindo -MINI ISOLATED TREE ornë -ÓR-NI- (see ORO)
ISSUE uswë (escape) -LT1:251 ISSUE OF WATER ehtelë (fountain, spring) -KEL ISTHMUS yanwë (bridge, joining) -YAT IT ta (that), -s (pronom
inal ending, e.g.
utúvienyes, "I have found [utúvienye-] it
[-s]") It is uncertain what the independent word "it, even it"
might be; see HE. *ITS -rya (possessive suffix, only attested
with the meanings "his" and "her" [q.v.], but related forms suggest that this
ending covers the entire 3. pers. sg.) -TA, LotR:1008, WJ:369top
JACKET vacco (cloak) -GL:21 JAIL see GAOL JANUARY Narvinyë (In LT1:252, the word for January is
avestalis, and the latter part of the month is called Erintion,
but these words are hardly valid in mature Quenya.) -LotR:1144 JAW anca (translated "jaws" in the appendices to LotR and Silm,
but anca is sg and is glossed "jaw" in Etym. GL:37 has cá
[spelt "kâ"]) -LotR:1157, Silm:427, ÁNAK JERK (vb) rihta- (give quick twist or move)
-RIK(H) JEWEL mírë (pl. míri is
attested); SHINING JEWEL miril (treasure, precious thing) WITH
ADORNMENT OF RED JEWELS carnimírië (a pl form? Sg
*carnimírëa? Letters:224 has carne- instead of
carni-.) JEWEL OF YAVANNA yavannamírë (a
flagrant evergreen tree with scarlet fruit, brought to Númenor by the
Eldar) -MIR/Silm:434, Nam, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224, UT:472 JOINING (noun) yanwë (isthmus, bridge)
-YAT JOY alassë (merriment) -GALÁS JUDGE Námo (Ordainer - the name of a Vala. In
MR:150, though, Námo is glossed JUDGEMENT [of what is]).
Note: a homonym námo means "person". -Silm:411
JUICE sáva, pirya (syrup) -SAB, PIS
JULY Cermië -LotR:1144
JUNE Nárië -LotR:1144
JUPITER Alcarinquë (Basic Quenya:24, cf. Silm:55.
According to LT1:260, Morwen (there translated "daughter of the dark")
is a name of Jupiter, but this may not be a valid word in mature Quenya.
LT1:265 also mentions Silindo as a name of this planet. JUST faila (fair-minded, generous) -PM:352top
KEEN laicë (sharp, acute, *piercing); KEENNESS
(of perception) laicë (acuteness) -LAIK KEEPING (safe) mando (custody) -MR:350 KHAZAD-DÛM Casarrondo (Dwarrowvault) -WJ:389 KIN nossë (house
, people) -LT1:250, 272/LT2:338 KIND nostalë (species) -LT1:272 KINDLE tinta- (cause to sparkle), turu-, tunda-
(Note: there is a homonym meaning "tall") -Silm:438, LT1:270 KING aran (pl arani is attested) In Etym, the Quenya
word for "king, chieftain" is haran pl. harni, but evidence from
LotR, WJ and UT shows that Tolkien changed it to aran pl arani.
Cf. asëa aranion (þ) "kingsfoil", i arani Eldaron
"the Kings of
the Eldar", Arandor "kingsland", aranya *"my king", arandil
"king's friend, royalist", and arandur "king's
servant, minister".) LT1:273 has vardar "king", but this is hardly a
valid word in mature Quenya. KINGLY BULL Aramund (this may not be
pure Quenya) -3AR, LotR:899, WJ:369, UT:165, 193, 313, Letters:386, 423 KINGSFISHER halatirno, or halatir (halatirn-)
(lit. "fishwatcher") -SKAL2, TIR KNIGHT roquen (rider, horseman) -UT:282 cf.
WJ:372 KNOB tolos (lump) -LT1:269 KNOCK (keep on knocking) tamba- -TAM KNOLL nóla -NDOL KNOT narda, nútë (bond). Pl.
probably
*núter not *núti; cf. the similar formation
tyávë "taste", pl tyáver. -SNAR,
NU KNOW ista (pa.t. sintë); KNOW ABOUT hanya-
(understand, be skilled in dealing with), KNOWLEDGE handë
(understanding), ista, istya, issë (lore),
nólë (long study, lore, wisdom). (In Etym this word is
spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had
become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and
transcribe it accordingly. Nólë is so spelt also in
Silm:432. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should
be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.)
HAVING KNOWLEDGE istima (wise, learned) -IS/LT2:339; KHAN,
ÑGOL, Silm:432 K-SERIES calmatéma -LotR:1154top
LABIALS parmatéma (p-series); LABIALIZED SERIES
quessetéma -LotR:1154 LABERNUM Lindeloktë (singing cluster). (So in LT1:258,
but Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya. Read
*Lindelohtë?) -LT1:258 LABOUR (vb) móta- (toil) -MÔ LADY heri -KHER, LT1:272 (GL:45 has
quimellë) LAKE ailin (pool) (LT2:339 also has ailo);
ringë (cold lake, pool [in mountains]) (Note: ringë
is also an adjective meaning "cold") -AY/LT2:339, RINGI LAMENT (vb) naina-, nyéna-; LAMENT (noun)
nainië, nairë -NAY, LT1:262, RGEO:66 LAMP calma (light) -KAL/LotR:1157 LAND nórë (dwelling-place, race, country, region
where certain people live, nation, native land, family), nór
(meaning '"'land' as opposed to water or sea", WJ:413). In
compounds #-ndor (when the first part of the compound end
in a vowel, e.g. Valandor "Vala-land", alternative form of
Valinor), or -nor, -dor (the latter can only
occur when the first part of the compound ends in -l, -r, or
-n; in other combinations d cannot occur in Noldorin Quenya).
Cf. also lóna (remote land difficult to reach, island.
Note: a homonym means "dark"); WESTLAND Númenor,
Númenórë (Westernesse); LAND OF GIFT (a
name of Númenor) Andor (< *Annandor, see
GIFT), LAND OF THE WEST Númendor -NDOR/NÔ/Silm:430/
WJ:413, LONO, Silm:414, 313, 430 LANGUAGE quetil (tongue), lambë (tongue. The
latter was "the usual word, in non-technical use, for 'language'." (WJ:394)
Only the Loremasters used the technical term tengwesta "system or code
of signs" instead; this word is also glossed "grammar".) LANGUAGE
(as an abstract, the ability to speak or the "art" of making speech)
tengwestië. LANGUAGE OF THE VALAR Lambë Valarinwa
(lit. *"Valarin language"), LANGUAGE OF THE ELDAR Eldarissa
(the latter may not be a valid word in mature Quenya) -KWET, WJ:394,
397, LT2:339 LARCH finë -SPIN LARGE alta, alat- (great in size) (Tolkien's
definition of this word was actually illegible, but see GREAT),
úvëa (very large, abundant, in a very great number),
úra -ÁLAT, UB, UR LARK lirulin (prob. *lirulind-, cf. lindo
"singing bird") -MR:238/252, LIN2 LAST tella (hindmost), telda (final),
métima (final, ultimate), telwa (late), LAST YEAR
yenya; LAST DAY OF YEAR quantien, THE LAST-COMERS Teleri
(the Hindmost) -TELES, WJ:411, MC:222 cf. 215, LT1:267, YEN,
Silm:421 LASTING QUALITY voronwië (endurance)
-BORÓN LATE telwa (last) -LT1:267 LAUGH lala- (Note: a homonym means "deny".) -PM:359 cf.
343 LAW sanyë (þ) (rule), axan (rule,
commandment); LAW-ABIDING sanya (þ) (normal, regular) -STAN,
WJ:399 LAWN palis (sward) -LT1:264 LAY lirilla (song) -LT1:258 LEAD (the metal) canu, LEADEN canuva
-LT1:268 LEAF lassë (pl. lassi is attested); HAVING
MANY LEAVES lillassëa (pl lillassië is
attested); COLLECTION OF LEAVES olassië (foliage); PUT FORTH
LEAVES OR FLOWERS *lohta- (corrected from the actual reading lokta
because Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in
Quenya) (sprout). LEAF-SHAPED lassecanta; LEAF-FALL lasselanta
(autumn or the beginning of winter; see also FADING); LEAF-GREY
lassemista -LAS1, Nam, LT1:254, MC:222, 223, Letters:282,
LT1:258, KAT, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224 LEAGUE lár (basic meaning "pause" - in marches a
brief halt was made for each league). A lár was defined as five
thousand rangar; see YARD. A ranga was approximately 38 inches,
so a lár was "5277 yards, two feet and four inches [ca. 4826 m],
supposing the equivalence to be exact" - close enough to our league of 5280
yards to justify this translation. -UT:285 LEANING talta (sloping, tilted) -TALÁT LEAP halta-; LEAPING haloitë (pl. haloisi
is attested) -LT1:254 LEARNED istima (wise, having knowledge), nóla
(wise). (In Etym, the latter word is spelt with initial
ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in
Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it
accordingly. Cf. also the spelling of the related word nólë
in Silm:432. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n
should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not
númen.) LEARNED MAN istyar (scholar) -IS,
ÑGOL LEAVE (vb) auta- (go away, pass), pa.t.
oantë, oantië (in the physical sense "went away
[to another place]") or vánë ("the most frequently
used past [tense]" - less "physical" than oantë, meaning
"disappeared" rather than "went away"), perf. avánië
(pl avánier is attested); perf. vánië
with no augment may occur in verse. For "leave", Etym also has
lesta, pa.t. lendë; this is also the past tense of "go". The
stem from which lesta- is derived was "replaced" by another. Lesta
has a wholly different meaning in later writings; see GIRDLE, MEASURE.
LEAVE OUT hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is given but seems
perfectly regular) (put aside, exclude, abandon, forsake) -WJ:366,
ELED LEAVE (noun) - with leave of: lenémë (+
genitive) LEFT hyarya; LEFT-HANDED hyarmaitë LEG telco (pl. telqui) (stem)
-TELÉK LEGENDARIUM OF THE FATHERS OF MEN Atanatárion (lit.
simply "of the Fathers of Men") -MR:373 LEGOLAS Laiqualassë -LT1:267 LEMBAS coimas (life-bread) (prob. coimast-, cf.
masta "bread") (life-bread) -Silm:406/429 LENGTHENED taina (extended); LENGTHENING tailë
(extension) -TAY -LESS -viltë, -valta (evidently a suffix used to
derive adjectives like "homeless" = *marviltë?) -GL:23 LESSEN píca (part. #pícala is attested)
(dwindle) -MC:223, 222 LETTER tengwa (pl. tengwar is attested; this word was
used primarily of the Fëanorian letters. However, the term "Tengwar of
Rúmil" occurring in LotR:1151 seems to indicate that the word tengwa
can indeed be used of a letter of any kind, not only the Fëanorian
letters. In non-technical use tengwa may also be translated "consonant"
[q.v.]. It is uncertain whether tengwa "letter" can be used in the sense
mail, text sent in the post; the primary meaning is clearly "character,
a single symbol in writing".) sarat (pl. sarati is
attested) - an older [MET] word Tolkien notes was used of "a 'letter' or any
individual significant mark", used of the Rúmilian letters after the
invention of the Fëanorian Tengwar (but cf. the term "Tengwar of
Rúmil" mentioned above). -TEK, WJ:396, LotR:1151 LICK salpa- (sup, sip), lavin ("I lick", 1.
pers. aorist; past tense #lávë is attested in the word
undulávë "downlicked" in Nam); LICK (frequentatively)
lapsa- -SÁLAP cf. LT1:266, DAB/Nam LIE (noun, = untruth) furu -GL:36 LIE (vb, not "tell a lie" but "lie [horisontally]") caita-; LIE
HEAVY lumna- (Note: this is also an adjective meaning "lying heavy")
-Nam/RGEO:67, DUB LIFE cuilë (being alive; obsoleting coi,
coirë in LT1:257; the latter means "stirring, spring" in mature
Quenya); NEW LIFE laito, laisi (vigour, youth), LIFE-BREAD
coimas (prob. coimast[a]-, cf. masta
"bread") (lembas) -KUY, LT1:267, Silm:406/429 LIFT UP orta- (raise, rise; pa.t. ortanë is
attested) -Nam/ORO/RGEO:67 LIGHT cálë, cala; A LIGHT calina
(which is basically the adjective "light", but it is used
substantively in coacalina; see LIGHT OF THE HOUSE under HOUSE),
calma (lamp), LIGHT (adj) calina; RAY OF LIGHT
alca; GLITTERING LIGHT rilma; STARLIGHT or LIGHT OF
SILPION (Telperion) silmë (+silver), MOONLIGHT isilmë;
EMIT LIGHT faina-; LIGHT-ELVES, ELVES OF THE LIGHT Calaquendi;
LIGHT-CLEFT Calacirya (gen. Calaciryo is attested) -KAL,
MR:250, AKLA-R, RIL, SIL/LotR:1157, MC:223, PHAY, WJ:361/Silm:61,
RGEO:70/Nam LIKE (prep) ve (as) -Nam/RGEO:66, 67 LILY indil ("or other large single flower"),
nénu (= yellow water lily) -WJ:399, LT1:248 LINE OF SURF falassë (beach, shore) -Silm:431 LINDI Lindi (What the Nandorin Elves called themselves; the
word could be adopted unchanged into Exilic Quenya. Sg #Lindë?)
-WJ:385 LINDIL Sindarin form of LINDI, q.v. -WJ:385 LINDON Lindon, Lindónë -WJ:385 LINE tië (path, direction, course, way, road), tëa
(straight line, road), téma (row, series) (pl.
témar is attested in LotR:1153) -TE3/RGEO:67,
TEÑ LIP cíla (The normal plural would be a dual form:
*cílat.) -GL:24 LION rá (pl rávi) (so in Etym; LT1:260
has rau, but pl rávi is the same.) SHE-LION
ravennë -RAW, LT1:260 LIQUID (adj) sírima (flowing) -LT1:265 LISTEN lár-, lasta-; LISTENING
(adj) lasta (hearing) -LAS2 LITTLE titta (tiny). LITTLE ELF Teler,
Telellë (adj. telerëa, telella) -TIT,
LT1:267 LO! ela (look! see!) (directing sight to an actually visible
object) -WJ:362 cf. 360 LOAF cornë -LT1:257 LOATH yelta-; LOATHING yelma; LOATHSOME yelwa
-DYEL LOCK OF HAIR findë (tress), fassë (shaggy lock,
tangled hair) -SPIN LOFTY tára (tall, high) (According to Letters:282,
Varda means "Lofty" [WJ:402 has "the Sublime"], but this word should
probably not be used as a common adjective.) LOFTY TOWER see TOWER.
-TÂ/Silm:437/LT1:264 LOGDRAWING turuhalmë -LT1:270 LONELY eressëa; LONELY ISLE Tol Eressëa
(tol "isle" often being omitted) -ERE, RGEO:70 LONG (adj) anda, sóra (trailing); LONG AND
THIN lenwa (straight, narrow); LONG (adverb, of time:)
andavë; LONG YEAR (144 solar years, an Elvish
"century") yén (pl. yéni is attested)
LONG-MARK andatehta -ÁNAD, LT2:344, 341, LotR:989,
Nam/LotR:1141/YEN, TEK LONG FOR milya-; GREAT LONGING mavoinë
-MIL-IK, LT2:345 LONG-LASTING voronwa (enduring) -BORÓN LOOK AT yéta-; LOOK! (interj) en (there, look!
yonder) LOOK! ela (lo! see!) (directing sight to an actually
visible object) -LT1:262, EN, WJ:362 cf. 360 LOOM (noun) lanwa, windelë -LAN,
LT1:254 LOOSE leuca-, lehta- (slacken) (Note: leuca is
also a noun meaning "snake". Anyway, leuca- in Etym is likely a
misreading for *lenca-. The certain form lehta- is to be
preferred.) -LEK LORD heru, hér, as final part of compounds:
#her, e.g. Ostoher *"City-Lord". LORDSHIP
hérë; LORD OF TREES Aldaron (a name of
Oromë) -LT1:272, Silm:432, Letters:282, LotR:1122, Silm:32, 378 LORE nólë (long study, wisdom, knowledge),
+ingolë (deep lore, magic [in WJ:382, the gloss is simply
"lore", and the word is not stated to be poetic]), issë; SECRET
LORE nolwë (wisdom). (These forms obsolete
nólemë in LT1:263. In some sources, nólë
and nolwë are spelt with initial ñ, that is,
ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I
follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Cf. also the spelling
of the related word nólë in Silm:432. But if these words are
written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter
noldo, not númen.) LOREMASTER ingolmo (In
Lambengolmor "Loremasters of Tongues" the initial i of ingolmo
[pl ingolmor] has disappeared; perhaps #ngolmo is the
form used in compounds when the first part of the compound ends in a vowel.)
-ÑGOL, LT2:339, WJ:382, WJ:383/396 LOST vanwa (gone, departed, vanished, past and over, no longer
to be had, dead); ONE LOST OR FORSAKEN BY FRIENDS hecil
(gender-spesific forms are hecilo m. and hecilë f.)
(waif, outcast, outlaw) -WAN, Nam, WJ:366, 365 LOT marto (fortune, fate) -LT2:348 LOUD SOUND róma (trumpet-sound) (Note: róma
also means "shoulder".) MUSICAL SOUND lin (lind-)
(melody) -ROM, LotR:488 cf. Letters:308 LOVE (vb, love as friend) mel-; LOVE (noun)
melmë (LT1:262 has meles, melessë);
LOVELY melwa, LOVING nilda (friendly); BELOVED melda
(dear), LOVER meldo (pl meldor is attested),
melindo (m.), melissë (f.); LOVEABLE melima
(fair), írima (desireable) -MEL, LT1:262, WJ:412, NIL, ID
LOW, LOWLYING tumna (deep, profound, dark or hidden); LOWER AIR
vilma (earlier [MET] wilma), Aiwenor (lit.
"Birdland") -TUB cf. LT1:271, WIL, AIWÊ LOWER (vb) luvu- (brood); DARK LOWERING CLOUD
lumbo (pl. lumbor is attested). -LT1:259 LUCK valto (LT2:348 gives mart "a piece of luck", but
word-final rt does not occur in mature Quenya. Read *martë
or something similar?) -LT1:272, LT2:348 LUMP tolos (knob) -LT1:269 LUST mailë; LUSTFUL mailëa -MIL-IK LYING HEAVY lumna (heavy, burdensome, oppressive,
ominous) (Note: lumna is also a verb meaning "lie heavy"); LYING
IN BED caila (sickness) -DUB, KAY LYRE salma -LT1:265top
MAEDHROS Nelyafinwë (meaning "Finwë
third", not equivalent in sense to Sindarin Maedhros. The short form of
the name was Nelyo. His mother-name [q.v.], "recorded....though never
used in narrative", was Maitimo "well-shaped one". He also had a
nickname Russandol "copper-top") -PM:352, 353 MAGIC +ingolë (deep lore). In LT1:269, curu is glossed
"magic, wizardry", but in Etym the gloss is simply "skill". MAGIC (adj.)
sairina -ÑGOL, GL:72 MAGLOR Canafinwë, short form Cáno
(not equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name, which is the cognate
of his "mother-name" Macalaurë, "recorded...though never used in
narrative"). -PM:352, 353 MAID, MAIDEN wendë, vendë (the
latter is probably the later [MET] form), also short form wen pl.
wendi (girl). In compounds -wen, e.g. Nerwen
"Man-maiden" (prob. *-wend-) MAIDENHOOD wendelë
-WEN, LT1:271/273/Silm:439 MAKE carin ("I make, build", 1. pers. aorist. The same verb
is translated "form" in WJ:391: i carir quettar, "those who form words".
According to Etym the past tense is carnë, but both FS and SD:246
have cárë. Past participle #carna *"made" is attested
in Vincarna *"newly-made" in MR:305.) MAKING carmë
(glossed "art" in UT:396 and is also translated "production", but cf.
the following:) NAME-MAKING Essecarmë (an Eldarin seremony
in which the father of a child announces its name.) -KAR, WJ:391, MR:214 MALE (noun) hanu (male of Men/Elves or animals);
MALE (adj) hanwa -3AN, INI MAN nér (ner-) (#ner as the
final element in compounds, as in vëaner and úner,
see below), vëo (-wë as final
element in compounds); (ADULT) MAN vëaner; MANLY vëa
(adult, vigorous); MANHOOD vië (vigour); MAN-SPEARHEAD (a
wedge-formation of soldiers) nernehta, NOMAN úner
(All these words can apparently be used of adult males of any sentient
race. For "Men" in the sence "humans", see MORTALS, FOLLOWERS.) -DER, WEG,
UT:282, UT:211 MANY limbë, lin- (prefix: by assimilation it
becomes lil- before l, as in lillassëa "having many
leaves"; before m, r, s it would similarly become
*lim-, *lir-, *lis-). -LT2:342, LI, Plotz letter MAR #hasta- (verb stem isolated from the past participle
hastaina, see below); MARRED hastaina (Arda Marred = Arda
Hastaina); UNMARRED alahasta -MR:255, 254 MARBLE alast- (sic - some ending is obviously required, e.g.
*alasta) -GL:39 MARCH Súlimë -LotR:1144/Silm:437 (not
capitalized in the latter source) MARINER ciryamo, (professional mariner:)
ëarendur, Eärendilyon ("son of Eärendil
[used of any mariner]", prob. *Eärendilyond-) -UT:8,
Letters:386, LT1:250 MARK (in writing) tehta- (sign, diacritic) (In
LotR:1155, this word is applied to the supralinear vowel-signs of
Fëanorian writing, and pl tehtar is attested.) sarat
(pl. sarati is attested), originally [MET] a word used of "a
'letter' or any individual significant mark", but after the invention of the
Tengwar primarily used of the earlier Rúmilian letters. TINY MARK
tixë (dot, point) -TEK, TIK, WJ:396 MARS Carnil -Basic Quenya:24, cf. Silm:55 MAST ferna (beechnuts), tyulma -PHER, TYUL/SD:419 MASTER (noun) heru (lor
d), #tur (cf.
Fëanturi "Masters of Spirits", a name of the Valar Mandos and
Irmo). MASTER OF DOOM Turambar, MASTER OF DESIRE Irmo
(lit. "Desirer", the name of a Vala); MASTERY túrë
(victory); MASTERED #turúna (only the form
turún', with the final *-a elided, is attested. Silm:269
has turun instead of turún' - the accent and he elision
mark seem to have been omitted.) -KHER, TUR/UT:438, Silm:261/269/423, 405,
UT:138 MATRIMONY vesta -BES MATTER (basic matter:) erma; PHYSICAL MATTER
orma, hroa (the latter is also used = "body") -MR:338, 218,
216 MAVWIN Mavoinë -LT2:345 MAY Lótessë (In LT1:252/254, the word for May is
Kalainis, but this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya.)
-LotR:1144 ME The ending -n, attested only as subject, may be employed:
*Utúvielyen, "thou (-lye-) hast found me (-n)". It
has been theorized that ni is the independent word for "me", but
actually it seems to be a non-emphatic word for "I" (so in Arct; contrast the
emphatic inyë; see "I"). Tye "thee" may point to something
like *nye as the independent word for "me", but such extrapolations are
uncertain. Case endings may be added to ni, e.g. dative nin "for
me" (Nam). MEADOW - LT1:267 (GL:39) has lairë, but this has
already two different meanings in mature Quenya ("summer" and "poem"), so it is
somewhat doubtful whether this word from Tolkien's earliest linguistic
constructions is valid in later Quenya. MEAL porë (flour) -POR MEAN faica (contemptible) -SPAY MEASURE #lesta (only attested in instrumental form
lestanen "in measure". Note: #lesta also means "girdle".)
-FS MEAT apsa (cooked food) -AP MEED míruvórë (nectar, drink of the Valar)
-NAM, RGEO:66, 69, LT1:261 MEETING (junction of the direction of two persons or groups:)
omentië, (of three or more coming from different
directions:) yomenië -WJ:367, 407, LotR:94 MELIAN Melyanna ("dear gift", evidently melya +
anna) -Silm:434 MELODY lin (lind-) (musical sound), MELODIOUS
lindelëa -LT1:258, cf. LotR:488 and Letters:308 MEN see MAN or MORTALS, FOLLOWERS MERCURY (the planet, not the metal) Elemmírë
-Basic Quenya:24 MERCHILD oar (child of the sea), MERMAID oaris
(oarits-), oarwen (prob. *oarwend-) (so in LT1:263 -
read ëaris, ëarwen in mature Quenya?) MERRIMENT alassë (joy) -GALÁS MESH rembë -LotR:1149 METAL tinco, rauta -TINKÔ/LotR:1157,
RAUTÂ MEWING miulë (whining) MICKLEBURG Túrosto (Belegost) -WJ:389 MIDDLE (noun) endë (core, centre); MIDDLE (prob. adj)
enya, endya (In Noldorin Quenya, enya would be the
natural form - endya looks like Vanyarin Quenya. Cf. the name of the
language itself in the two dialects, Quenya vs. Quendya.)
MIDDLE-DAY #enderë (only pl enderi is
attested; for sg #enderë cf. yestarë,
mettarë, the first and the last day of the year. The "middle-days"
were three days inserted between the months of yávië and
quellë in the Calendar of Imladris.) -ÉNED, cf. WJ:361,
LotR:1142 MIDDLE-EARTH Endórë, Endor (defined as
"centre of the world" under ÉNED; allative form Endorenna is
attested in LotR. Other names are also glossed "Middle-earth":
Ambarenya, Endamar; see also EAST) -LotR:1003, ÉNED,
MBAR MIGHTY taura, poldórëa (a title of
Tulkas); MIGHTY-RISING Melkórë (>
Melkor) (uprising of Power), THE MIGHTY Melko (an alternative
form of Melkor, derived from an unattested adjective *melka,
*melca "mighty", with connotations of violence.) -TUR,
LT1:264/GL:64, MR:350 MILCH COW yaxë. (An alternative form yaxi,
glossed "cow", looks like a plural in mature Quenya.) -GL:36 MIND indo (heart, mood), (inner mind:)
órë (heart) (Note: a homonym means "rising");
MIND-MOOD inwisti -MR:216, LotR:1157, MR:229 MINISTER arandur (king's servant, steward) -Letters:386,
UT:313 MISERY angayassë -LT1:249 MIST hísië (þ), hísë
(þ) (fog. Note: a homonym means "dusk". For "mist" use
hísië, the form occurring in LotR.) -Nam/RGEO:67,
KHIS MOAT see WALL AND MOAT MOCKING yaiwë (scorn) -YAY MOIST nítë (dewy) -NEI MOLE noldarë, nolpa -GL:30 M
ONSTER ulundo, úvanimo (creature of Melkor.
In LT1:236, Úvanimor are said to be "monsters, giants, and
ogres". See also ORC.) -ÚLUG, BAN/LT1:272 MONTH #asta (only pl astar is attested)
-LotR:1142 MOOD indo (heart, mind) -ID MOON Isil (-S-), Rána (so in Silm and
UT; Etym has Rana with a short a), CRESCENT MOON cú
(bow), MOONLIGHT isilmë -I/THIL/LotR:1148, Silm:436/UT:242,
RAN, LT1:271, MC:222, 223 MORE yonta (In GL:37, this word is followed by a hyphen:
yonta-. Does this indicate that it can be used as a comparative prefix?
E.g. yonta "fair", *yontavanya "fairer"???) MORGOTH Moringotto (the oldest [MET] form was
Moriñgotho, but it should not be used by writers writing in Third
Age Quenya) (Black Foe) -MR:194 MORN (early) artuilë, tuilë (the
latter is also used in the sense "springtime") -TUY MORNING (noun) arin (LT1:254 gives cálë,
but this word means "light" in later writings), MORNING (used as adj?)
arinya (early) -AR1 MORTAL fírima (pl. Fírimar
is attested, lit. "those apt to die", WJ:387), Firya (pl.
Firyar is attested); MORTAL MAN firë (pl firi
is given but seems perfectly regular) -PHIR, WJ:387 MOTHER amil, ammë, (hypocoristic, = *"mom":)
nana. MOTHER-NAME (OF INSIGHT) #amilessë
(tercenya) (i.e., names given by Elvish mothers to their
children, indicating some dominant feature of the nature of the child as
perceived by its mother. Only pl amilessi tercenyë is
attested.) -AM1, NAN, MR:217 MOUND coron, hahta (pile), cumbë
(heap), tundo (hill) -Sil:429, KHAG, KUB, TUN MOUNTAIN oron (pl oronti) (also used = "mount",
e.g. Oron Oiolossë "Mount Everwhite"), MOUNTAIN-PEAK
aicassë; MOUNTAIN-TOP orto; MOUNTAIN PASS falqua
(cleft, ravine), MOUNTAIN-DWELLING (adj) orofarnë
(pl? Sg *orofarna?) -ÓROT/WJ:403, AYAK, LT2:341, LotR:505
cf. Letters:224 MOUTH anto, pé, assa (hole, opening,
perforation), MOUTH OF RIVER etsir -LotR:1157, PEG, GAS, ET MOVE (intr., of large and heavy things:) rúma-
(part. rúmala is attested) (shift, heave) -MC:223,
222 MURK hui (fog, dark, night), MURKY huiva
-LT1:253 MURMUR nurru- (grumble) -MC:223 MUSCLE tuo (sinew, strength) -TUG MUSIC #lindalë (isolated from Ainulindalë
"The Music of the Ainur"; Etym and LT1:258 has lindelë; the
latter is also glossed "song".) -Silm:378, LIN MY -nya (possessive suffix, e.g. *aldanya "my tree".
An i seems to be inserted between the ending and the noun when the
latter ends in a consonant: atarinya "my father" (LR:61). If the last
consonant(s) of the noun is/are n or the cluster nd, a contracted
form may be used in vocatives: hinya "my child" (for
hínanya, WJ:403), yonya "my son" (for *yondonya,
LR:61).top
NAIL (prob. noun) taxë -TAK NAKED helda -SKEL NAME (noun) essë (pl. essi is attested.
Note: the word essë was also used in the sense "person as a whole",
body and soul.) AFTER-NAME epessë (i.e., "a nickname -
mostly given as a title of admiration or honour"); MOTHER-NAME (OF INSIGHT)
#amilessë (tercenya) (i.e. names given by Elvish mothers
to their children, indicating some dominant feature of the nature of the child
as perceived by its mother. Only pl amilessi tercenyë is attested.)
NAME OF INSIGHT #essë tercenya (i.e., the same as
"mother-name"; only pl essi tercenyë is attested); GIVEN (OR
ADDED) NAME anessë (pl anessi is attested. This word
encompasses both "after-names" and "mother-names".) NAME-MAKING
Essecarmë (an Eldarin seremony in which the father of a child
announces its name), NAME-CHOOSING Essecilmë (an Eldarin
seremony in which a person chooses a name according to his or her personal
lámatyávë or sound-taste); SELF-NAME
#cilmessë (only pl. cilmessi is attested, said to
mean more literally "names of personal choice": #cilmë
"choice" + essi "names". PM:339 explains that "some among the
exiles gave themselves names, as disguises or in reference to their own deeds
and personal history: such names were called kilmessi 'self-names'.")
-ES/LotR:1157/MR:216, UT:266, MR:217, 214 NARRATOR quentaro -KWET NARROW arca, lenwa (long and thin, straight) NARROW NECK
yatta (isthmus); NARROW PATH axa; NARROW PROMONTORY nehtë
(spear-head, gore, wedge) -AK, LT2:341, YAK, UT:282
NASAL nengwëa -NEÑ-WI NATION nórë, -nor (land, country,
dwelling-place, native land, family) -LT1:272 NATIVE LAND nórë, -nor (land, country,
dwelling-place, nation, family) -LT1:272 NAZGÛL Úlairi (Ring-wraiths) (pl; sg
#Úlairë?) -Silm:362, 417 NEAR har, harë -LT1:253 NECK yat (yaht-); NARROW NECK yatta (isthmus)
-YAK NECKLACE firinga (carnanet) -LT2:346, GL:36 NECTAR míruvórë (meed, drink of the Valar)
-Nam, RGEO:66, LT1:260 NEED (prob. noun) maurë -MBAW NEPTUNE Nénar (or less probably Luinil; it is
not known for certain which of the two is Neptune and which is Uranus) -Basic
Quenya:24, Silm:55 NET natsë (web) -NAT NEW vinya (cf. Vinyamar "New Dwelling",
Vinyalondë "New Haven"), sinya. NEW LIFE laito,
laisi (vigour, youth) -Silm:425, UT:471, SIN, LT1:267 NEXT ento -Arct NICKNAME ("mostly given as a title of admiration or honour")
epessë (after-name) -UT:266 NIGHT lómë, ("Night, night-time, [shades of
night]", in LT1:255 glossed "dusk, gloom, darkness"), Fui, Hui
("Night" - in LT1:253, hui is glossed "fog, dark, murk,
night"), ló ("night, a night"), mórë
(blackness, dark - obsoleting mori in LT1:260). In Valinorean
usage, lómë "has no evil connotations; it is a word of peace
and beauty and has none of the associations of fear and groping that, say,
'dark' has to us. For the evil sense I [Tolkien's character Lowdham] do not
know the [Quenya] word". For "night" in the "evil sense", mórë
seems to be the best candidate. Yet lómë evidently
developed darker connotations among the Exiles, for when crying auta i
lómë "the night is passing" before the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, the
Noldor used the word metaphorically to mean the rule of Morgoth. -DO3, PHUY,
SD:306, Silm:229 NIGHTINGALE lómelindë (pl lómelindi
is attested; Etym also has morilindë), tindómerel
("daughter of twilight", a kenning of or a poetic name for the
nightingale; the Sindarin equivalent is tinúviel. Tolkien changed
the meaning of the final element from "daughter" to "child", see SEL-D-.) -DO3,
Silm:64, MOR, TIN/Silm:422, 438 NINE nertë (obsoleting olma in LT1:258)
-NÉTER NO lá (also meaning "not". Lá
is probably used to deny facts, or what others present as
facts. In some contexts, the interjection vá is to be preferred.
It is derived from a stem that "expressed refusal to do what others
might wish or urge, or prohibition of some action by others.) Cf
also lala, lau, laumë "no, no indeed not, on the
contrary; also used for asking incredulous questions". Prefixes "no-, un-":
ú-, il-. SAY NO váquet- (forbid, refuse)
(1. pers. sg aorist and past váquetin, váquenten
are given), ava- (refuse) (pa.t. avanë is given;
this verb was "little used in ordinary language"). -LA, WJ:371 cf. 370,
GÛ, WJ:370, KWET NO LONGER TO BE HAD vanwa (gone, dead, departed, lost, past,
vanished) -WJ:366 NOBLE (a noble:) arquen The element #ar- in
Arfanyarassë (a name of Taniquetil) is said to mean "high (i.e.,
noble, revered). Arquen is simply #ar "noble" + quen
"person". NOBLE WOMAN (one of Galadriel's names) Artanis.
-WJ:372, WJ:416, PM:347 NOGROD Návarot (Hollowbold, Novrod) -WJ:389 NOISE ran, roaring noise rávë (pl.
probably *ráver not *rávi, compare the similar
formation tyávë "taste" pl. tyáver); (noise
of a) storm raumo -LT1:259, MC:223 NOLDORIN Noldorin (= the language of the Noldor),
Noldorinwa (= general adjective) -WJ:20, LR:201 NOMAN Úner -UT:211 NORMAL sanya (þ) (regular, law-abiding)
-STAN NORTH Formen, fortë (right); NORTHERN
formenya; NORTHLANDS (a region in Númenor)
Forostar -PHOR, LotR:1157, UT:165, 439 NOSE nengwë, mundo (snout, cape) (Note: the
latter word also means "ox") -NEÑ-WI, MBUD NOT lá; NO INDEED NOT lala; DON'T
áva, avá; DON'T DO IT! áva
carë!; I WILL NOT: vá (exclamation, also =
Do not!); avan, ván, vanyë "I won't",
avammë, vammë "we won't"; NOT COUNTING hequa
(leaving aside, excluding, except), NOT TO BE SAID, THAT MUST NOT BE SAID
avaquétima, NOT TO BE TOLD OR RELATED avanyárima
-LA, WJ:371, 364/365, WJ:370 NOVEMBER Hísimë -LotR:1144 NOVROD Návarot (Hollowbold, Nogrod) -WJ:389 NOW sí, sín/sin (the latter
form
is evidently used when the next word has an initial vowel; cf. the distribution
of "a" and "an" in English.) -SI, cf. LR:47 NUMBER nótë, LARGE NUMBER hosta, IN A VERY
GREAT NUMBER úvëa; NUMBERLESS
únótimë (uncountable) -NOT, KHOTH, UB, Nam NUMEROUS rimba (frequent) NYMPH wingil, wingild- (pl WIngildi is attested);
falmar, falmarin (falmarind-). (Writers should use
falmarin rather than falmar, thus avoiding any possible confusion
with falmar "waves".) -WIG/LT1:273, PHAL
top
O (vocative particle) a -LotR:1017 cf.
Letters:308 OAK norno; HAVING MANY OAK-TREES lindornëa
-DÓRON, LIN OATH vérë (bond, troth, compact. Pl. probably
*vérer not *véri; cf. the similar formation
tyávë "taste", pl tyáver), vanda
(pledge, solemn promise) -WED, UT:317 OBLIGED nauta (bound) -NUT OBSCURE nulla (dark, dusky) OBSCURITY mordo (shadow,
stain) -NDUL, MOR OBSERVE - use the word glossed "watch, heed", q.v. Cf.
LT1:258. OCCASION lú (a time) -LU OCEAN The Great Ocean Alatairë, The Outer Ocean Vai
(=Ekkaia?) -AYAR, LT1:271 OCTOBER Narquelië -LotR:1144/1146 ODOUR holmë -ÑOL OFF au- (verbal prefix implying motion "away from the
speaker or the place of his thought", as in auciri- "cut off, so that a
portion is lost or no longer available"), hó- (verbal
prefix implying motion away from something, but the point of view is outside
the thing left: cf. hóciri- "cut off a required portion, so as to
have it or use it") -WJ:365, 366, 368 OGRE Úvanimo (see MONSTER). CANNIBAL-OGRES Sarquindi
(sg #Sarquindë?) -LT1:236 cf. BAN, LT2:347 OINTMENT laivë -LIB OLD enwina, linyenwa (having many years), (of
things:) yerna (worn); OLDEN yárëa,
yalúmëa, GET OLD yerya- (wear [out]) -MC:222 cf.
215, YEN, GYER OMINOUS lumna (lying heavy, burdensome, oppressive)
-DUB ON or (so in LT1:256, but in mature Quenya or is
always translated "over". English "on" may be rendered by the allative case,
see UPON.) ONCE UPON A TIME yassë, yalúmessë,
yáressë (Note: the first of these seems to clash with
*yassë "in/on which". Writers should use one of the two alternative
forms.) -YA ONE minë (obsoleting mir in LT1:260), er
(only, one, alone, but, still); ONE (= a person, someone)
quén pl queni (unstressed quen, "as a
pronoun or final element in a compound"); THE ONE Eru (see
GOD) -MINI, ERE, WJ:361 cf. 360, Silm:15, 431 ONLY eressë (singly, alone, also as noun =
solitude) -ERE, LT1:269 OPEN (vb) panta- (unfurl, spread out); OPEN WIDE
palu-, palya- (extend); OPEN (adj) panta, (of
land:) latin, latina (free, cleared); OPENING assa
(hole, performation, mouth); OPENMOUTHED fauca (thirsty, parched)
-PAT, PAL, LAT, GAS, PHAU OPPRESSIVE lumna (lying heavy, burdensome, ominous)
-DUB ORANGE culuina (colour), culuma (fruit)
-KUL ORC (goblin) urco (pl urqui) or orco
(pl. orqui or orcor) (LT1:264 has orc, but
word-final rc does not occur in mature Quenya. Here the gloss is
"monster, demon". Cf. WJ:390: "In the lore of the Blessed Realm the Q urko
naturally seldom occurs, except in tales of the ancient days and the March,
and then is vague in meaning, referring to anything that caused fear to the
Elves, any dubious shape or shadow, or prowling creature.") See also ORKISH.
-ÓROK, LT1:264, WJ:390 ORDAINER Námo (Judge - the name of a Vala)
-Silm:411 ORDER (noun) heren (Heren Istarion "Order of
Wizards"); ORDER (vb) vala- (used of the Valar only, as in
á vala Manwë "may Manwë order it", Valar valuvar
"the will of the Valar will be done", *"the Valar will order [it]".
-UT:388, WJ:404 ORIENT ambaron (ambarón-),
Ambarónë (a similar but untranslated word,
Ambaróna, occurs in LotR) -AM2, LotR:490 ORIGINATE auta- (invent, devise) -GAWA ORION Telumehtar ("warrior of the sky", according to WJ:411
an old name, later [MET] evidently replaced by:) Menelmacar
("Swordsman of the Sky") -TEL, WJ:411, LotR:1147 cf. 95 ORKISH Orquin (attested with reference to language, perhaps
also general adjective) -LR:178 OUR *-mma (pronominal ending used on nouns, e.g. *aldamma
"our tree". It is not attested, but may be deduced from the word for "we",
q.v. This "our" is exclusive, meaning "their and my", not including the
person(s) that is spoken to. The inclusive ending for "your and our" is
*-lma, or in the dual -lva ("our" meaning
"your (sg) and mine", as in omentielvo "of our [Frodo's and Gildor's]
meeting, LotR:94). In the first edition of LotR, the wrong form omentielmo
is used (plural instead of dual). The ending for dual exclusive "our" (sc.
"our" meaning "his/her and mine") is unknown. The emphatic, independent words
for "our" may be *emma, *elma, *elva.
-LotR:94, cf. Letters:447 OUT et- (prefix) (forth), OUT OF et
(followed by ablative) -ET, LotR:1003 OUTCAST hecil (gender-spesific forms are hecilo m.
and hecilë f.) (one lost or forsaken by friends, waif, outlaw)
-WJ:365 OUTER, OUTERMOST erúmëa -LT1:262 OUTER LANDS Entar, Entarda (Middle-earth, East,
Thither Lands [as seen from Valinor]), ettelë (the word
is not capitalized and seems to be sg); OUTER OCEAN Vai (=
Ekkaia?) -ET, LT1:271 OUTLAW hecil (gender-spesific forms are hecilo m. and
hecilë f.) (one lost or forsaken by friends, waif, outcast)
-WJ:365 OUTSIDE ara (beside), ava, ettë,
(prefix:) ar- (e.g. Araman "outside Aman")
-AR2; AWA, ET, Silm:428 OVEN urna -LT1:271 OVER or. For "over" in the sense past, see PAST AND
OVER. -UT:305 OVERCAST lúrëa (dark) -LT1:259 OVERSHADOW telta- (canopy, screen) -TEL OX mundo (Note: a homonym means "snout, nose, cape". It may
or may not obsolete the form taracu "ox" in LT2.) See also BULL.
-Letters:422, LT2:347/GL:69 OXFORD - LT2 gives Taruktarna (read *Taruhtarna in
mature Quenya), but the word may be obsolete. See OX above. -LT2:347top
PACE ranga (pl rangar is stated to mean "full
paces"). The ranga was a Númenórean linear measure of
approximately 38 inches (96.5 cm); see YARD. -UT:285 PAGAN GOD see GOD PAIN (vb) nwalya- (torment). (Though spelt
this way also in Etym, nwalya- must be from older *ngwalya, for
the stem is ÑGWAL. In Tengwar spelling, the letter nwalmë
(< older ngwalmë) should be used to transcribe the initial
nw of nwalya.) PAIN (noun) naicelë,
naicë (= sharp pain); PAINFUL naicelëa
-ÑGWAL, NÁYAK PALATAL SERIES tyelpetéma -LotR:1154 PALE marya (fallow, fawn), malwa (fallow), isca. PALE
BLUE helwa -MAD, SMAL, LT1:256, 3EL PALLID ninquë (chill, white) -WJ:417 cf. NIK-W- PANSY helin, Helinyetillë ("Eyes of
heartsease") (violet) -LT1:262 PARCHED fauca (openmouthed, thirsty) -PHAU PARCHMENT - in LT2:346, parma "book" is glossed "parchment",
but see BARK. PARENT #nostar (only pl nostari is attested);
ontaro (m), ontarë (f), pl ontani
parents (begetter) -LotR:1017 cf. Letters:308, ONO PASS auta- (leave, go away); pa.t. oantë,
oantië (in the physical sense "went away [to another place]",
vánë ("the most frequently used past [tense]" - less
"physical" than oantë, meaning *"disappeared" rather than "passed
away"), also anwë (this pa.t. was "only found in archaic
language"), perf. avánië (pl avánier is
attested); perf. vánië with no augment may occur in verse.
-WJ:366; for the gloss "pass" see Silm:229 PASS - mountain pass: falqua (cleft, ravine); pass
between hills: cilya (cleft, gorge) (so in Etym, but #cirya
in the name Calacirya "Pass of Light" [gen. Calaciryo in
Namárië] - though this clashes with cirya "ship". An early
version of Namárië actually had Calacilyo not
Calaciryo; see An Introduction to Elvish p. 5) -LT2:341, KIL PASSAGE tarna (crossing, #ford) -LT2:347 PAST, PAST AND OVER (adj) vanwa (departed, lost,
vanished, dead, no longer to be had), PAST (noun = past time)
vanwië -WAN, Nam PATH tië (course, line, direction, way, road); #vanda
(isolated from Qualvanda "Road of Death" in LT1:264; cf. vand-
"way, path" on the same page); NARROW PATH axa (ravine);-TE3/RGEO:67/UT:22 cf. 51, LT1:264, AK PAUSE lár (also a Númenórean linear
measure, nearly one league - see LEAGUE.) -UT:285 PAVED FLOOR paca (court) -TAL, GL:63 PEACE sérë (repose, rest), AT PEACE senda
(resting) -SED PEAK aicalë; MOUNTAIN PEAK aicassë, also
#rassë or #ras (isolated from Arfanyarassë,
Arfanyaras "high white-shining peak"). -AYAK,
WJ:416 PEARL marilla -LT1:265
PEBBLE-BANK sarnië (shingle) -UT:463
PEER tihta- (blink) -MC:223PEN tecil -TEK PEOPLE lië, nossë (kin, house). Originally
nórë meant "people", but in later [MET] Quenya it means
primarily "land". SOME PEOPLE queni -LI, LT1:250/LT2:338, WJ:361
cf. 360 PERCEPTION, KEENNESS OF laicë (acuteness) -LAIK PEREDHIL Pereldar (the Half-Elven) -Letters:386, cf.
LotR:1071 PERFORMATION assa (hole, opening, mouth) -GAS PERIOD (endless) oio -UT:317 PERPETUAL #oien (isolated from oiencarmë
"perpetual production" - but it has also been suggested that this is
oi-en-carmë *"ever-re-making", so the word
oien is rather doubtful) -MR:329 PERSON quén pl. queni (one, somebody); PERSON AS
A WHOLE (body + soul) essë (basically meaning "name"),
erdë ("singularity". Note: a homonym means "seed, germ".)
-WJ:361 cf. 360, MR:216 PETTY #pitya (isolated from Pitya-naucor
"petty-dwarves", see below). PETTY-DWARVES Attalyar (lit. "Bipeds"),
Picinaucor, Pitya-naucor (lit. *"small dwarves") -WJ:388,
389 PHANTOM fairë ("phantom, disembodied spirit, when
seen as a pale shape" - pl. fairi is attested. Note: fairë
has other shades of meaning as well as wholly different meanings - see
SPIRIT, DEATH, RADIANCE, FREEDOM) -MC:223, 221 PHARAZÔN Calion -UT:224, Silm:324 PHONETIC #hlonítë (only attested
in the pl. in hloníti tengwi "phonetic signs")
-WJ:395 PHYSICAL MATTER orma, hroa (also used = "body");
PHYSICAL STRENGTH tuo -MR:218, 216, TUG PIERCING maica (sharp), terevë (fine, acute),
laicë (glossed "keen, sharp, acute", never "piercing" - but the
earlier [TLT] form was laica, glossed "keen, piercing". Note:
laicë is also a noun meaning "acuteness, keenness".) -Silm:434,
LT1:255, LT2:337 PILE hahta (mound) -KHAG PILLAR tarma, tulwë (standard, pole)
-Silm:438, LT1:270 PILLOW quesset -KWES PIN tancil (brooch) -TAK PINETREE - GL:17 has aicassë, but in Etym this word is
said to mean "mountain-peak". PINNACLE (topmost) see FINISH. PIPE simpa, simpina (flute), rotsë. PIPER
simpetar, PIPING simpisë -LT1:266, LT2:347 PIT latta (hole - Note: a homonym means "strap")
-DAT PIVOT peltas (pl peltaxi) -PEL PLACE men (so in Etym, though this word would clash with
*men "to/for us". In LotR, sinomë is translated "on this
place", pointing to #nomë as the word for "place". Tolkien first
wrote símanë, then changed it to sinomë. If
#man in the first word is a variant form of men, Tolkien
evidently rejected #man/men in favour of #nomë. On
the other hand, men is also mentioned in the language notes in RGEO (p.
72), a late source that is not easily dismissed.) STRONG PLACE
sarnë -MEN, LotR:1003, SD:56, SAR *PLANT #olva (only pl olvar is attested, never
actually translated "plants" but defined as "growing things with roots in the
earth"); LONG TRAILING PLANT uilë ("especially
sea-weed", which is explicitly ëaruilë)
-Silm:415, UY PLAY (vb) tyalin ("I play", 1. pers.
aorist), PLAY(noun) tyalië (game, sport)
-TYAL/LT1:260 PLEDGE vanda (oath, solemn promise) -UT:317 PLENITUDE fárë (all that is wanted, sufficiency)
-PHAR PLIANT maxa (soft) -MASAG PLOUGH hyar; THE PLOUGH (constellation) see SICKLE OF THE
VALAR. -LT2:342 PLUM pio (also used for "cherry") -LT2:347 POEM lairë (Note: a homonym means "summer"),
lirit -GLIR, LT1:258 POINT mentë (end), nasta (spearhead, gore,
triangle), tixë (dot, tiny mark), tildë (horn),
amatixë (point/dot over the line of writing), nuntixë
(point/dot under the line of writing) -MET, SNAS, TIK, TIL
POISON (noun) sangwa -SAG POLLEN malo (yellow powder) -SMAL POOL nendë, linya, ailin (lake),
ringë (cold lake); POOL OF LILIES nénuvar -NEN,
LIN, AY, RINGI, LT1:248 POPLAR-TREE tyulussë; HAVING MANY POPLARS
lintyulussëa -TYUL, LIN POPPY fúmella (pl. fumellar [read
*fúmellar?] is attested), fúmellot (prob.
fúmellót-; cf. lótë "flower".
Fúmellot is literally *"flower of sleep", but do not necessarily
refer to opium poppies only.) -LT1:252 POSSESS harya-; POSSESSING arwa (+ genitive) (in control
of) (Note: harya- is not used of one's offspring. In MR:228, Tolkien
notes that "no Elf would speak of possessing children; he would say: 'three
children have been added unto me', or 'are with me', or 'are in my house'.")
-3AR POST (wooden) samna (þ) (Distinct from #samna
"diphthong" in Tengwar spelling, as the latter is spelt with initial
silmë, not súlë.) -STAB POTTER cemnaro, centano -KEM, TAN POUR ulya- (intransitive pa. t. ullë, transitive
ulyanë; plural subjunctive ullier "should pour" is attested.
These forms may obsolete ulu- and ulto- "pour" [transitive and
intransitive] in LT1:270); POURING úlëa (flooding,
flowing) -ULU, SD:310 POWDER (yellow) malo (pollen) -SMAL PRAISE (vb) laita- (bless) (Imperative a laita
and fut #laituva are attested, the latter with pronominal endings:
laituvalmet, "we shall praise them") PRAISE (noun)
#laitalë (isolated from Erulaitalë "Praise of
Eru") -LotR:989 cf Letters:308, UT:436 PRAYER #kyermë (isolated from Erukyermë,
"prayer to Eru". A verbal stem #kyer- "pray" can also be isolated)
-UT:436 PRECIOUS THING mírë (jewel, treasure, shining
jewel) -MIR PRECIPICE (seaward) ollo (cliff). (The alternative
form oldó may be archaic Quenya.) -LT1:252 PRESS sanga (crowd, throng) -STAG/Silm:438 PREVENT FROM COMING TO COMPLETION nuhta- (stunt, stop short,
not allow to continue) -WJ:413 PRICK erca-, nasta- (sting); PRICKLE, SPINE erca
-ERÉK, NAS ?PRIMARY (Tolkien's handwriting was illegible) *yessëa
(corrected from the actual reading essea - see BEGINNING)
-ESE PRINCE cundu, haryon (heir); PRINCESS aranel
-KUNDU, 3AR, UT:434 PRINCIPAL (prob. adj not noun) héra (chief)
-KHER PROCEED (in any direction) lelya- (pa.t.
lendë) (go, travel) -WJ:363 PRODUCTION carmë (glossed "art" in UT:396, but cf.
Oiencarmë Eruo "the One's perpetual production". Carmë
is also translated "making".) -MR:329 PROFOUND tumna (low-lying, low, deep, dark or hidden)
-LT1:271 cf. TUB PROLONG taita- -TAY PROMINENT minda (conspicuous) -MINI PROMISE (solemn) vanda (oath, pledge) -UT:317 PROMONTORY (narrow) ne
htë -UT:282 PROP tulco (support) -TULUK PROPER vanima (fair, beautiful, right) -LT1:272 PROSPEROUS alya (rich, abundant, blessed); PROSPERITY
autë (wealth, also adj: rich) -GALA, LT2:336 PROTECT varya-; PROTECTED varna (safe, secure)
-BAR PROVERBIAL DICTUM ("a saying, a current or proverbial dictum")
eques (pl. equessi) (dictum, quotation, saying)
-WJ:392 PROW OF A SHIP lango (broad sword) -LAG P-SERIES parmatéma (labials) -LotR:1154 PUFF hwesta-; PUFF OF AIR hwesta (breath,
breeze) -SWES PURE poica -POY PURSUE roita- -ROY1 PUT ASIDE hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is
given but seems perfectly regular) (leave out, exclude, abandon, forsake);
PUT A STOP TO pusta- (stop, cease) -WJ:365, PUS PUT FORTH LEAVES OR FLOWERS *lohta- (corrected from the
actual reading lokta because Tolkien later decided that kt became
ht in Quenya) (sprout) -LT:258 PUTRID saura (þ) (foul, evil-smelling) - in
compounds #sauri-, see FOUL. -THUStop
QUANTITY (great) úvë (abundance)
-UB QUARREL costa- -KOT QUEEN tári (gen tário is attested).
LT1:260 has turinqui "queen", while LT1:273 gives vardi, but
these are hardly valid words in mature Quenya. QUEEN OF STARS (Varda's
title) Elentári (so in LotR and Silm; Etym has also
Tinwetári, Tinwetar,
Tinwerontar); QUEEN OF THE EARTH Kementári
(a title of Yavanna) -TÂ/LT1:264/Nam, Silm:55/437/30 QUICK SHAKE rincë (flourish) -RIK QUIET (noun) quildë (rest, hush) -GL:23 QUIVER vainolë
-LT1:271 QUOTATION eques (pl. equessi) (dictum, proverbial
dictum, saying) -WJ:392top
RACE nórë (land, country,
dwelling-place, nation, native land, family) -NÔ RADAGAST Aiwendil ("Lover of Birds", his original Valinorean
name, not an actual translation of "Radagast", which is either Adûnaic
for "Tender of Beasts" or a Mannish name of uncertain meaning). -UT:393/417,
cf. 390, 401 RADIANCE alcar, alcarë (brilliance, splendour),
fairë (Note: this word has several other meanings - see DEATH,
FREEDOM, PHANTOM), nalta (glittering reflection -
alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form. In PM:347, nalta
is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng
had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR
and transcribe it accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the
initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not
númen.) RADIANT alcarinqua (glorious)
-AKLA-R, PHAY, PM:347, WJ:369 (where alcar, alkar is
translated "splendour") RAGE aha -LotR:1157 RAIN mistë (fine rain), rossë (fine rain, dew,
spray), ucco; RAINBOW helyanwë (lit. "sky-bridge"),
Ilweran, Ilweranta. (LT2 has iluquinga "sky-bow", but
this was obsoleted toghether with ilu "sky"; see SKY.) -MIZD, ROS
cf. Letters:282, GL:74, 3EL, LT1:256, LT2:348 RAISE orta- (lift up, rise) (pa.t. ortanë
is attested; orta- probably obsoletes orto- in LT1:256),
amu- -ORO, Nam, RGEO:67, LT2:335 RAPID larca, alarca -LAK RAT *nyaro ("nyano" in LR:379 must be a misreading)
-NYAD RAVINE axa (narrow path), yáwë (cleft,
gulf), falqua (cleft, mountain pass) -AK, LT2:341 RAY OF LIGHT alca; RAY OF THE SUN firin (the latter
may not be a valid word in mature Quenya) -AKLA-R, LT2:341 "RAYMENT, VEILS" fana (pl fanar is attested. This word
was used of the visible bodies in which the Valar presented themselves to
incarnates.) -RGEO:74
RE- (prefix) en- (as in entulessë
"return" and envinyatar "renewer", q.v. Also used on verbs:
#enquat- "refill" [only fut. enquantuva is attested, see REFILL].
Before the consonants l, m, r, s, the prefix en-
would be assimilated to *el-, *em-, *er-, and
*es-, respectively. Very early [The Lost Tales] "Qenya" has an-
instead of en- [see LT1:184].) REACH *rahta- (strech out) (Corrected from the actual
reading rakta; Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in
Quenya) -LT1:335 REAL anwa (actual, true) -ANA2 REALM arda (region). This word means "any more or
less bounded or defined place, a region" (WJ:402). Arda (with a capital
A) was "the name given to our world or earth...within the immensity of
Eä". -3AR, Letters:283 REAR tellë -TELES RECALL #enyal- (inf. enyalië) -UT:302, 317 RECKON not-; *RECKONING #onótimë
(isolated from Yénonótië *"reckoning of
years"), *RECKONER Onótimo (the untranslated title of one
Quennar, an expert of chronology) -NOT, MR:48-51 RECEIVE tuvu- (same as in utútvienyes "I have
found it"? See FIND) -GL:71 RED carnë, aira ("ruddy, copper-coloured"),
narwa ("fiery red", cf. nárë "flame"),
nasar (adopted from Valarin; used in Vanyarin Quenya only); RED
[HEAT?] (Tolkien's handwriting was illegible) yulmë
(Note: a homonym means "drinking, carousal"). RED FLAME
rúnya, WITH ADORNMENT OF RED JEWELS carnimírië
(a pl form? Sg *carnimírëa? Letters:224 has carne-
instead of carni-.) -KARÁN/Silm:429, GAY, NAR, WJ:399, YUL,
Silm:437, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224 REED liscë (sedge) -LT2:335 (GL:34 also gives
feng-, but some ending would be required) REEK
usquë -USUK
REFILL #enquat- (only fut. enquantuva is attested,
but cf. quat- "fill" in WJ:392) -Nam REFLECTION (glittering) nalta (radiance -
alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form. In PM:347, nalta
is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng
had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR
and transcribe it accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the
initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not
númen.) -PM:347 REFUSE váquet- (forbid, say no) (1. pers. sg
aorist and past váquetin, váquenten are given)
avaquet- (forbid) (the pa.t. is no doubt *avaquentë; cf.
quet- under SAY), ava- (say no). (Pa.t.
avanë is given; this verb was "little used in ordinary
language".) -WJ:370, KWET REGION ména, arda (realm) -MEN,
LotR:1157 REGULAR sanya (þ) (law-abiding, normal)
-STAN RELATE nyar- (tell); NOT TO BE TOLD OR RELATED
avanyárima -NAR2, WJ:370 RELEASE fainu- -LT2:250 REMAINS erin -LT1:269 REMOTE haira (far), eccaira, avaha
ira
-KHAYA REND narci-; RENDING naraca (harsh, violent)
-NÁRAK RENEW #envinyata- (heal) (isolated from Envinyatar,
see below. Past participle Envinyanta is attested, though it is
translated "healed" rather than *"renewed".) RENEWER Envinyatar
-MR:405, LotR:897 REPEAT tatya- (double); REPEATED vorima (continual)
-TATA, BOR REPOSE Estë (the name of a Valië; because of this
name, estë fell out of use as a general word for "repose").
-WJ:403, 404 RESONANT (of strings) tunga (taut, tight) -TUG REST serin ("I rest", 1. pers. aorist); REST (noun)
sérë (repose, peace), quildë (quiet, hush);
Estë (the name of a Valië; because of this name,
estë fell out of use as a general word for "rest") (repose);
TAKE A REST hauta-; RESTING senda (at peace) -SED,
EZDÊ/WJ:404, GL:23, KHAW RETURN (vb) pel- (revolve, go round), RETURN (noun)
entulessë -PEL, UT:171, 434 REVERED The element #ar- in Arfanyarassë (a name
of Taniquetil) is said to mean "high (i.e., noble, revered)"
-WJ:416 REVERSED nuquerna -LotR:1157 REVOLVE pel- (return, go round) -PEL RICH alya (prosperous, abundant, blessed), autë
(also as noun: prosperity, wealth) herenya (wealthy,
fortunate, blessed) -GALA, LT2:335, KHER RIDER roquen (horseman, knight) -WJ:372, UT:282 RIGHT téra (straight), vanima (fair, proper,
beautiful). RIGHT (direction) forya, fortë (Note:
the latter word also means "north"); RIGHTHANDED formaitë
(dexterous) -TE3, LT1:272, PHOR RIME ringwë (frost) -LT1:255 RING #corma (isolated from cormacolindor
"Ring-bearers"); RING-DAY Cormarë (Yavannië 30th, a
festival in honour of Frodo Baggins; this was his birthday); RING-WRAITHS
Úlairi (Nazgûl) (pl; sg #Úlairë? Note
that Úlairi is not a literal translation of "ring-wraiths"; the
prefix ú- may mean "un-" with evil connotation; the rest of the
word is obscure. Lairë "summer" or "poem" can hardly have anything
to do with #lairi. The syllable úl- may also have
something to do with the Black Speech word gûl, wraith.)
-LotR:989 cf. Letters:308, LotR.1146, Silm:362, 417 RINGING SOUND láma (echo - so in Etym, but see
SOUND) -LAM RISE orta- (pa.t. ortanë is attested; orta-
obsoletes oro- in LT1:256) (lift up, raise); RISING (noun)
órë (Note: a homonym means "heart, inner mind"; but
cf. MIGHTY-RISING); SUNRISE anarórë (LT1:264 has
orontë, oronto, but these words may not be valid in mature
Quenya). -ORO, LT1:256, Nam/RGEO:67 RIVER sírë (stream) (pl. probably
*sírer not *síri; cf. the similar formation
tyávë "taste", pl tyáver. For "river"
LT1:248/262 also gives nen, while LT1:260 gives celusindi;
LT1:265 gives sindi; these may not be valid words in mature Quenya).
RIVULET siril; MOUTH OF RIVER etsir -SIR, ET ROAD tëa (straight line), mallë (pl.
maller not *malli), ROAD IN SEA londë (entrance to
harbour, translated "haven" in Alqualondë Haven of the Swans,
UT:417), tië (path, course, direction, way), #vanda
(isolated form Qualvanda "Road of Death" in LT1:264; cf. vand-
"way, path" on the same page - but since vanda means "oath" in a
later source [UT:317], this word may be obsolete) -TEÑ, LR:47, LOD,
TE3/RGEO:67, LT1:264 ROARING (adj) rávëa; ROARING NOISE
rávë (pl. probably *ráver not
*rávi, compare the similar formation tyávë
"taste" pl. tyáver). -MC:223 cf. 215 ROBE vaima -LT1:271 ROCKHEWN HALL hróta (dwelling underground, artificial
cave) -PM:365 ROOF (vb) tópa-; ROOF (noun)
tópa; HAVING A ROOF telda; "DOWN-ROOF" (cover)
untúpa- -TOP, LT2:348, RGEO:67/Nam ROOM sambë (þ) (chamber) -STAB ROOT, ROOTWORD sundo (pl #sundar in
Tarmasundar "Roots of the Pillar" in UT:166, but this may be a different
word) (base), talma (foundation, base), sulca (esp. edible
root) -SUD, TAL, SÚLUK ROUND corna (globed), corima; ISOLATED ROUND HILL
tolmen (boss of shield), GO ROUND pel- (return, revolve) -KOR,
LT1:257, 269, PEL ROW téma (series, line) (pl témar is
attested) -TEÑ, LotR:1153 ROYAL #arna (isolated from Arnanor,
Arnanórë, "royal land", Arnor); ROYALIST arandil
(king's friend) -Letters:428, 386 RUDDY aira (red, copper-coloured), roina -GAY,
ROY RUINOUS atalantëa (pl. atalantië is
attested) -MC:222, 223 RULE (vb) heru- (Note: heru is also the noun
"lord"). LT1:273 has vard- "rule, govern", but this is hardly a valid
word in mature Quenya. RULE (noun) sanyë (þ)
(law), axan (commandment, law) -LT1:272, STAN, WJ:399 RULER cáno, cánu (see COMMANDER)
(governor, chieftain, commander), #tur (as in Minyatur, "first
Ruler") (lord) -UT:400, 466 RUN ON, RUN SMOOTHLY nornoro- -LT1:263 RUNE certa (pl certar is attested. This word occurred
in Exilic Quenya only, adopted and adapted from Sindarin certh. Tolkien
notes that if inherited, the form would have had the form *cirtë.)
-WJ:396, LotR:1151 RUSHING (adjectival) rimpa (flying), arauca
(swift); RUSHING (noun) ormë (wrath, violence, haste)
-KHOR, LT2:347, GOR RUSTLE escë (noise of leaves) -EZGEtop
SAFE varna (protected, secure). (GL:58 has moina "safe,
secure", but in mature Quenya moina means "dear, familiar", and the
former moina seems to have become muina "hidden, secret".) SAFE
KEEPING mando (custody) -BAR, MR:350 SAGA nyárë, nyarna (tale, history)
-NAR2 SAGACIOUS finwa -LT1:253 SAIL #cir- (only attested as a continuative stem:
círa). LT1:273 has wili- "sail, float, fly", but
see FLY. -MC:221 SAILOR ciryaquen (shipman) -WJ:372 SAKALTHÔR Falassion -UT:223 SALVE lipsa -LIP SANCTUARY yána (holy place) -YAN SAND litsë -LIT SARUMAN Curumo (= Sindarin Curunír) -UT:393,
401, 427 SATURN Lumbar -WJ:xi/Basic Quenya:24, cf. Silm:55 SAURON (The Abhorred) Sauron (þ), other names
Súro, Sauro (all S) -THUS SAVIOUR sáro (þ) (isolated from the word
Nanisáro "saviour of the Dani") -LR:188 SAY quet- (pa.t. quentë) (speak, talk),
equë (the latter word "has no tense forms...being mostly used
only before either a proper name...or a full independent pronoun, in the senses
say / says or said. A quotation then follows, either direct, or
less usually indirect after a 'that'-construction (...) Affixes appear in
equen 'said I', eques 'said he / she' ." (WJ:392, 415) Cf.
also SAY NO váquet- (forbid, refuse) (1. pers. sg aorist
and past váquetin, váquenten are given),
ava- (refuse) (pa.t. avanë is given; this verb was
"little used in ordinary language"). NOT TO BE SAID, THAT MUST NOT BE SAID
avaquétima. SAYING eques (pl. equessi)
(dictum, proverbial dictum, quotation) -Silm:436, WJ:370, LT2:348,
WJ:392 SCHOLAR istyar (learned man) -IS SCOOP OUT calpa- (draw out, bale out) -KALPA SCORN yaiwë (mocking) -YAY SCREEN (vb) telta- (canopy, ov
ershadow), SCREEN FROM
LIGHT halya- (veil, conceal) -SKAL, TEL SEA ëar, airë (said to apply to "inner seas
of Middle-earth" in Etym, but Tolkien later used these words of the ocean).
LT2:347 also gives Rása "the Sea". SEA-DWELLING
Eämbar (name of a ship), SEA-SPIRIT
falmar/falmarin (pl. falmarindi) (nymph), SEA-ELF
Teler (Telellië, Telelli "Teler-folk", adj
Telerin "Telerian"), SEAWEED ëaruilë (also
simply uilë, see PLANT), CHILD OF THE SEA oar
(merchild), SEAWARD PRECIPICE ollo (cliff). (The alternative form
oldó may be archaic Quenya.) -AYAR/Letters:386/RGEO:73, UT:430,
LT2:347, TELES, LT1:263, LT1:252 SECOND #tatya (cf. Tatyar, "the Seconds", the Second
Clan of the Elves), neuna; THE SECOND Atani (sg Atan -
an Elvish name of Men, later only used of Men of the Three Houses of the
Edain.) -WJ:420, NDEW, WJ:403 SECRET (adj) muina (hidden), nulla, nulda,
lomba; SECRET (noun) fólë (secrecy); SECRECY
muilë, fólë (secret), SECRETIVE fólima
-MUY, DUL, LT1:255, LT2:340 SECURE varna (protected, safe), SECURITY varnassë.
(GL:58 has moina "safe, secure", but in mature Quenya moina means
"dear, familiar", and the former moina seems to have become muina
"hidden, secret".) -BAR SEDGE liscë (reed) -LT2:335 SEE cen- (behold) (future tense cenuva is
attested), véla-; SEE! ela (lo! look!) (directing
sight to an actually visible object) -MC:222, Arct, WJ:362 cf. 360 SEED erdë (germ. Note: a homonym means "person".)
-ERÉD SEIZE mapa- (grasp) This word was struck out in one of
Tolkien's earlier word-lists, but in Etym it was restored. -MAP, LT2:339
SELF-NAME #cilmessë (only pl. cilmessi is
attested, said to mean more literally "names of personal choice":
#cilmë "choice" + essi "names". PM:339 explains that "some
among the exiles gave themselves names, as disguises or in reference to their
own deeds and personal history: such names were called kilmessi
'self-names'.") SEND FLYING horta- (speed, urge) -KHOR SEND FOR tulta- (fetch, summon) -TUL SENTENCE quentelë -LT2:348 SEPTEMBER Yavannië
-LotR:1144/1146/Silm:439 SERIES téma (pl. témar is attested)
(row, line) -TEÑ, LotR:1153 SERPENT lókë (snake, dragon; "so do the Eldar
name the worms of Melko[r]", LT2:85). The word foalókë
is said to be a "name of a serpent that guarded a treasure". The word is
not capitalized, so this "name" must be a common noun and not a proper name.
-LOK, LT2:340 SERVANT -(n)dur (final element in compounds, e.g.
arandur "king's servant, minister, steward". When the first part of the
compound ends in l, n, or r, the n of -ndur
is left out). -Letters:386 SET panya- (fix), SET (of Sun or Moon)
núta- (sink, stoop), SET UP tulca- (fix, establish;
Note: there is a homonym meaning "firm, steadfast, strong,
immoveable".) -PAN, NDÛ, LT1:270 cf. TULUK SETTLED - be settled: mar- (abide, be fixed)
-UT:317 SEVEN otso -OT SHADE lëo (= shadow cast by an object),
laimë, lómin (shadow); SHADES OF NIGHT
lómë (Night, night-time, dusk, gloom, twilight), SHADY
halda (veiled, hidden, shadowed), laira -DAY, LT1:255,
DO3 SHADOW lëo ( =shadow cast by an object) (shade),
lómin (shade), lumbulë (=[heavy] shadow),
fuinë, huinë (= deep shadow) (gloom, darkness),
ungo (=dark shadow) (cloud), mordo, lumbë
(gloom). "The Shadow" meaning Sauron should probably be
Huinë, since this word is associated with his coming to
Númenor in LR:47 and SD:246/310. SHADOWED halda (veiled,
hidden, shady). -DAY, LT1:255, Nam/RGEO:67, PHUY, UÑG, MOR, LUM,
SKAL SHAGGY aulë (May have been obsoleted by the later [TLT]
word aulë "invention".) -LT1:249 SHAKE (quick) rincë (flourish) -RIK SHAPE (vb) canta-, venië (infinitive?
Stem #ven-?) (cut); SHAPE (noun) venwë (cut),
SHAPED canta (also as quasi-suffix, e.g. lassecanta
"leaf-shaped"); SHAPED STONE ambal (flag) -KAT, LT1:254,
MBAL SHARE hyanda (blade) -LT2:342 SHARP laicë, maica (piercing), aica (fell,
terrible, dire; this gloss "sharp" is isolated from one translation of
Aicanáro:) SHARP-FLAME Aicanáro "Fell Fire, Aegnor"
(so in Silm:435; MR:323 has Aicanár) -LAIK, Silm:434, AYAK,
MR:323 SHARP-PROWED SHIP cirya (see SHIP) -Silm:433 (where the
spelling círya occurs, but all other sources have cirya
with a short i, so círya is likely an error by
Christopher Tolkien). SHATTERED rúcina (confused, disordered) -MC:223 SHEATH vainë -LT1:271 SHEEN, THE Isil (Moon) -THIL SHEEP máma
(Unlike English "sheep", this word
probably has a distinct plural *mámar.) -WJ:395 SHELL hyalma (conch, horn of Ulmo) -SYAL SHEPERD mavor (GL:58 gives mavar); SHEPERDESS
emerwen -LT1:268, UT:434 SHIELD turma; BOSS OF SHIELD tolmen (isolated round
hill) -TURÚM, LT1:269 SHIFT (of large and heavy things:) rúma-
(part. rúmala is attested) (heave, move) -MC:223,
222 SHINE cala- (fut. caluva is attested),
calta-; SHINE WHITE sil- (present tense
síla, aorist sg. silë, aorist pl.
silir, and freq. sisíla- are
attested), ninquita-; SHINING WHITE (adj) silma
(silver) -LT1:254, UT:22 cf. 51, KAL, MC:223, NIK-W, SIL/LotR:94/The
Return of the Shadow:324 SHINGLE sarnië (pebble-bank) -UT:463 SHIP cirya (defined as "sharp-prowed ship" in Silm:433; dual
ciriat [read *ciryat?] is attested in Letters:427; all numbers
and cases except plural possessive *ciryaiva are attested in the Plotz
letter. In Silm:433, the spelling círya occurs, but all other
sources have cirya with a short i, so círya is
likely an error by Christopher Tolkien); luntë (boat); SHIPMAN
ciryaquen (sailor) -KIR, LT1:249/LUT, WJ:318 SHORE falas (falass-), falassë (beach, line
of surf); hyapat; SHORE-PIPER, SHORELAND PIPER Solosimpë
(pl Solosimpi is attested) -LT1:253, Silm:431, SKYAP, LT1:251,
265 SHORT sinta (þ); SHORT STABBING SWORD ecet
(broad-bladed sword) -STINTÂ, UT:284 SHOULDER róma (Note: a homonym means "horn" or
"trumpet-sound, loud sound") See also BACK. -LT2:335 SHOUT (vb) rama-; SHOUT (noun) rambë,
SHOUT OF TRIUMPH yello (call), SHOUTER ramandor (but in mature
Quenya this would probably be a pl; sg *ramando) -LT1:259, GYEL SHOW tana- (indicate) (Note: tana also means "that".)
-MR:385 SICKLE circa; SICKLE OF THE VALAR Valacirca (= the
Great Bear, the Plough, the Big Dipper or the Wain), also called
Otselen = The Seven Stars. -KIRIK, OT SICK(LY) laiwa (ill), caimassë, caimassëa
(bedridden), engwa (cf. Engwar "The Sickly", an Elvish
name for Men); SICKNESS quámë, lívë,
caila (lying in bed) -SLIW, KAY, GENG-WÂ, Silm:122, KWAM SIGH see EXPIRE. Cf. also one of Nienna's titles:
Núri, she who sighs. -LT1:263 cf. 66. SIGN tanna, taina; tengwë (indication, token,
writing - pl tengwi is attested), tehta (mark [in
writing], diacritic) (In LotR:1155, this word is applied to the supralinear
vowel-signs of Fëanorian writing, and pl tehtar is attested.)
SYSTEM OR CODE OF SIGNS tengwesta (grammar) -MR:385, WJ:394,
395, TEK SIGNIFER Tancol ("the significant Star", probably =
Venus) SILVER telpë, telep- (tyelpë,
tyelep- was the original form of the word in Noldorin Quenya, but
"the form telpe became usual, through the influence of Telerin; for the
Teleri prized silver above gold, and their skill as silversmiths was esteemed
even by the Noldor" [UT:266]. However, in Letters:426 it is stated that "the
form tyelpë remained in Quenya" and was not wholly displaced by
telpë. LT1:268 has telpë = telempë.)
Cf. also ilsa (a "mystic name" of silver),
+silmë (also meaning light of Silpion, starlight).
SILVER (prob. adj) tinda (glinting), OF SILVER telepsa,
telpina, telemna. SILVER LIGHT istel, istil
("applied by the Ilkorins to starlight, probably a Q[uenya] form learned
from Melian"). SILVER GLINT nillë (a star on Varda's
simulacrum covering Valinor. Spelt ñillë, i.e.,
ngillë, in MR:388, but initial ng had become n in
Third Age pronunciation, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it
accordingly. But is this word is written in Tengwar, the letter noldo,
not númen, should be used to transcribe the initial n.)
-Silm:429, KYELEP, LT1:255, SIL, TIN, MR:388 SINEW tuo (muscle) -TUG SING lirin ("I sing", 1. pers. aorist) (chant);
SINGER nyello, lindo (singing bird); SINGERS Lindar (a
name of the Teleri); SINGING lindë (air, tune, song), SINGING
CLUSTER Lindeloktë (labernum). This is the form given in
LT1:258; Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya: read
*Lindelohtë? -GLIR, NYEL, LIN2, WJ:418,
Silm:431, LT1:258 SINGLE erya (sole), SINGLY eressë (only,
alone, also as noun: solitude) -ERE, LT1:269 SINGULARITY erdë (used in the sense "person as a whole",
body and soul. Note: a homonym means "seed, germ".) -MR:216 SINK (of Sun and Moon) núta- (set)
-NDÛ SIP salpa- (lick up, sup) -SÁLAP SIRIUS Niellúnë, Nierninwa -LT1:262 SISTER seler (þ) (pl. selli),
onómë, onónë; SISTER (usually not of
bloodkinship) osellë (þ) (associate) -THEL,
NÔ SIT #hára- (only pl hárar "are
sitting" is attested. In Etym, "sit" is ham-) -KHAM,
UT:317, KHAM SIX enquë -ÉNEK SKIES fanyarë (upper airs and clouds) -MC:223 SKILL curu; SKILLED maitë (pl.
maisi) (handy), BE SKILLED IN DEALING WITH hanya-
(understand, know about) -Silm:429, MA3, KHAN SKIN helma (fell) (parma in LT2:346 is obsolete; see
BARK) -SKEL SKY vilya (older [MET] wilya) (air),
helwa, ilwë (heavens), telimbo (canopy),
taimë, taimië. (LT2:348 gives ilu, but the
meaning of this word was later changed - Tolkien decided that
Ilúvatar means "All-Father", not "Sky-Father" as he originally
thought.) "SKY-BRIDGE" (i.e., rainbow) helyanwë -LotR:1157,
3EL, LT1:255, LT2:348, LT1:268 SLACKEN lehta-, leuca- (loose) (Note: leuca
is also a noun meaning "snake". Anyway, leuca- in Etym is likely a
misreading for *lenca-. The certain form lehta- is to be
preferred.) -LEK SLASH cirissë (gash) -KIRIS SLAVE mól (thrall) -MÔ SLAY mac- -LT1:259 SLEEP (noun) fúmë. (This
word points to
*fum- as the stem of the verb "to sleep".) FLOWER OF SLEEP - see
POPPY. -LT1:253 SLENDER nindë, teren, terenë -NIN-DI,
TER SLIDE DOWN talta- (slip, collapse) -MC:223 SLIP talta- (slide down, collapse) -MC:223 SLOPE (vb) talta-; SLOPE (noun) pendë
(downslope, declivity), ampendë (upward slope), SLOPING DOWN
penda (inclined) -PEN SLOW lenca -LT2:341 SLUMBER (vb) lor-, muru-, SLUMBER (noun)
lórë, murmë, SLUMBROUS lorda
(drowsy), murmëa -LT1:259, LOS, LT1:259, 260*SMALL pitya (never translated, but Pitya-naucor is
glossed "petty-dwarves", and pica "small spot" must be derived from the
same root.) Cf. also nauca, an adjective "especially applied to things
that though in themselves full-grown were smaller or shorter than their kind,
and were hard, twisted, or ill-shapen." LT1:256 has an adjective inya
"small", but this is probably not a valid word in mature Quenya (in that
language *inya may mean "my, mine".) -PIK, WJ:389, 413 SMALL STONE sar (pl. sardi) -SAR SMEARED púrëa (discoloured) -MC:223 SMITH tano (craftsman), SMITH OF THE WOR
LD Talca Marwa
(a title of Aulë) -TAN, LT1:266 SMOOTH pasta -PATH SMOULDERING HEAT yulmë (red [?heat] - Tolkien's
handwriting was illegible); SMOULDERING WOOD yúla (ember)
-YUL SNAKE ango (pl. angwi), leuca,
lókë (serpent, dragon; "so do the Eldar name the
worms of Melko[r]", LT2:85) -ANGWA, LotR:1149, LT2:340 SNARE neuma -SNEW SNARL yarra (growl) -MC:223 SNOUT mundo (nose, cape) -MBUD SNOW
lossë (spesifically "fallen snow", also adjective
"snow-white"; +olos, +olossë. Etym also gives
niquë, but this word is obsoleted by a statement in WJ:417:
"nique does not refer to snow, but to cold". This
statement may obsolete niquetil "snowcap" in LT1:266. Is niquis
"snow" from the same source a valid word? GL:35 has fáwë
"snow" and fauta "it snows".) LIGHT SNOW is, SNOW-WHITE
lossë (which may also be the noun "snow"), SNOWDROP
nieninquë (lit. "white tear") -RGEO:69, GOLÓS, NIK-W-,
NEI, LT1:256, LT1:262/266 SOAP lipsa -LIB1 SOFT maxa (pliant), moica -MASAG, GL:58 SOIL 1. (noun) kemen (earth), 2. (vb) vahta-
(stain), SOILED vára (dirty) -LT1:257, WA3 SOLE erya (single), SOLITUDE eressë (also as
adverb: single, only, alone) -ERE cf. LT1:269 SOLE OF FOOT tallúnë (the form talas in
LT2 is probably obsolete) -RUN, LT2:347 SOLEMN PROMISE vanda (oath, pledge) -UT:317 SOLITARY erda (deserted) -LT1:269 SOLITUDE eressë (also as adverb: singly, only,
alone) -ERE, LT1:269 SOMBRE morna (black, gloomy, dark) -MOR SON yondo (male descendant), (suffix:) -ion, e.g.
Finwion "son of Finwë". Cf. also the vocative yonya *"my
son", a contraction of *yondonya. (The forms vô, vondo
"son" in LT2 are certainly obsolete, as are the notions that yondo
meant "(great) grandson" and that yô-, yond- "son" was
used only in poetry. But LT2 does confirm that -ion was "very
common...in patronymics".) SON OF THE DARK (= Morgoth)
morion YO, MR:217, LR:61, LT2:336, 344, LT1:260 cf. FS SONG lindë (air, tune, singing),
#lírë (only attested in the instrumental case:
lírinen; pl. probably *lírer not
*líri, compare the similar formation tyávë
"taste", pl. tyáver), lirilla (lay). See also
MUSIC. -GLIN, Nam, LT1:258 SOON rato -Arct SOPE lipsa -LIB SORROW nyérë (grief). Pl. probably *nyérer
not *nyéri; cf. the similar formation tyávë
"taste" pl. tyáver. -GL:60 SOUL fëa (spirit; pl fëar is attested. In
MR:330, Tolkien notes that fëa is "roughly but not exactly
equivalent to...'soul'.") -MR:349, 218, cf. Silm:431 SOUND lamma (= sound in general?), #hlon (only
pl. hloni is attested; the word is used of the sounds of a
language), róma (= loud sound, trumpet-sound. Note:
róma also means "shoulder"), láma (according
to Etym = "ringing sound, echo", but see below); SOUND-TASTE
lámatyávë (pl. lámatyáver is
attested), i.e., "individual pleasure in the sounds and forms of words".
Tolkien seems undecided about the exact meaning of láma. Etym
gives "ringing sound, echo"; in WJ:416 it is said that the stem LAMA refers
"especially to vocal sounds, but was applied only to those that were confused
or inarticulate. It was generally used to describe the various cries of
beasts." But the word lámatyávë "sound-taste", by
which an Elf chose or made a name for him/herself [see NAME-CHOOSING], seems to
imply that láma can also be used of articulated speech. -LAM,
WJ:394, ROM, MR:215, 216 SOUTH hyarmen (LT2:248 also gives Sahóra, but
this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya); SOUTHERN hyarmenya,
"SOUTH-VICTOR" Hyarmendacil (one of the Kings of Gondor),
SOUTHEASTLANDS Hyarrostar, SOUTHWESTLANDS Hyarnustar (regions
in Númenor) -KHYAR/LotR:1157, LotR:1075/1082, UT:165, 446 SOW rerin ("I sow", 1. person aorist), pa.t.
rendë -RED SPARK - make/cause to spark: tinta- (kindle).
SPARK (noun) tinwë (sparkle). -TIN, Silm:438 SPARKLE (vb) tintina- (pl. tintinar is
attested), MAKE TO SPARKLE tinta- (kindle); SPARKLE, SPARK
(noun) tinwë (often = "star") -TIN, Silm:438 SPEAK quet- (pa.t. quentë) (say, talk)
-LT2:348 SPEAR ehtë, ecco; SPEAR-HEAD nehtë
(gore, wedge, narrow promontory), nasta (gore, point, triangle),
SPEARMAN ehtyar -EK, SNAS, UT:282 SPECIES nostalë (kind) -LT1:272 SPEECH #questa (isolated from tarquesta "high
speech") -TÂ SPEED (vb) horta- (urge, send flying), SPEEDING
hortalë (urging) -KHOR SPELLING tencelë (writing system) -TEK SPIDER liantë (so in Etym; in LT1:271, liantë
is glossed "tendril"); SPIDER FILAMENT lia (Note:
lia- is also the verb "twine"); SPIDER'S WEB ungwë
(but in LT1:271, ungwë is glossed "spider") -SLIG,
LotR:1157 SPIKE nassë (thorn), tinda; ROW OF SPIKES
(or teeth) carcassë, carcaras -NAS, LT1:258, LT2:344 SPINDRIFT wingë (wingi-) (crest [of wave],
foam) -LT1:273 cf. WIG SPIRANT CONSONANT surya -SUS SPIRIT fëa (= the spirit or "soul" of an incarnate,
normally housed in a body; pl fëar is attested),
ëala ("being", pl. ëalar is attested. Eälar
are spirits whose natural state it is to exist without a physical body,
e.g. Balrogs), súlë (þ) (earlier
[MET] thúlë, Súlë) , manu
(= departed spirit; LT1:260 has mánë),
fairë (= spirit in general, as opposed to matter, or a phantom
or disembodied spirit, when seen as a pale shape. Pl. fairi is
attested), vilissë. A person's "spirit" meaning his or her
general personality and attitude may be rendered by the word
órë, in LotR defined as "heart, inner mind" (q.v.), cf.
PM:337, where it is said that "there dwelt in her [Galadriel] the noble and
generous spirit (órë) of the Vanyar".
FIELD-SPIRIT Nermi (pl. Nermir is attested. The Nermir
are "fays of the meads".) -MR:349, 218, 165; cf. Silm:431; LotR:1157, MAN,
MC:223, MR:349, GL:23, LT1:260 SPIT piuta -PIW SPLIT sanca (þ) (cleft) -STAK SPONGE hwan (pl. hwandi) (fungus) -SWAD SPORT tyalië
(game, play) -TYAL SPOT men (place - Tolkien may have rejected this word, see
PLACE), SMALL SPOT pica (dot) -MEN, PIK SPRAY (of fall or fountain) rossë (fine rain, dew)
-Letters:282 cf. ROS SPREAD palu-, palya- (open wide, extend, expand)
-PAL SPRING (vb) tuia- (sprout); SPRING (noun)
ehtelë (fountain, issue of water), SPRING OF WATER
capalinda, WATER FALLING OUT SWIFTLY FROM A ROCKY SPRING celussë
(freshlet), SPRING-TIME tuilë (this word literally means
"budding, also collectively - buds, new shoots, fresh green" [LT1:269]. Also
used = dayspring, early morn. In the Calendar of Imladris, tuilë
was a precisely defined period of 54 days, but the word was also used
without any exact definition. Beside tuilë, LT1:269 also has
tuiliérë.) FIRST BEGINNING OF SPRING coirë
("stirring", according to the Calendar of Imladris a period of 54 days in
early spring); "SPRING-SINGER" (i.e., swallow) tuilindo
-TUY/LotR 1141, 1145, KEL, UT:426, LT1:260, Silm:429, LT2:338/LT1:269 SPROUT (vb) tuia (spring), *lohta- (corrected
from the actual reading lokta because Tolkien later decided that kt
became ht in Quenya) (put forth leaves or flowers); SPROUT
(noun) tuima (bud) -TUY, LT:258 SQUAT haca- -GL:47 STABBING SWORD (short) ecet (broad-bladed sword)
-UT:284/432 STAFF - LT1:264 has vandl, but the cluster ndl cannot
occur in mature Quenya. Read *vandel? STAIN (vb) vahta-, STAIN (noun) vaxë
-WA3 STAND ASIDE! heca! (be gone!). Also with pronominal affixes:
sg hecat, pl hecal "you stand aside!" -WJ:364 STANDARD tulwë (standard, pole) -LT1:270 STAR elen (normal pl eleni, but occasionally
+eldi in verse; allative elenna and pl ablative
elenillor are attested), +él (pl. éli
is mentioned), tinwë (properly = sparkle),
ílë. (Note: in Etym elen is said to be poetic, but
Tolkien later concluded that elen was "the normal word for a star on the
actual firmanent", the poetic word being él instead. According to
MR:388, a tinwë was one of the "apparent stars" on Varda's
simulacrum covering Valinor, also called nillë or "silver glint".
Etym mentions the words ellen and elena without glossing them,
but according to Silm:431 elena is an adjective meaning "of the
stars".) TWINKLING STAR tingilya, tingilindë, HAVING
MANY STARS lintitinwë; STARLIKE elvëa (pl.
elvië is attested); STARWARDS elenna (Elenna
or Elennanórë, "the land named Starwards", a name of
Númenor); STARLIGHT silmë (light of Silpion);
STARCROWNED, CROWNED WITH STARS (a name of Taniquetil)
Elerrína (so in Silm:42; Etym has
Elerína); STAR-QUEEN (=Varda) Elentári;
STARLIT DUSK, STARRY TWILIGHT tindómë. See also
*STELLAR. -EL, Silm:313, MC:222 cf. 215, TIN, WJ:362, UT:317, LotR:1157,
LT1:269, MC:223, Silm:42, DOMO, Silm:438 STATUTE namna -MR:258 STEADFAST tulca (firm, strong, immoveable; Note:
there is a homonym meaning "fix, set up, establish"),
vórima, voronda ("steadfast in allegiance, in keeping oath
or promise, faithful"). -TULUK cf. LT1:270, UT:317 STEADY tulunca (firm) -LT1:270 STEEL erë, eren (meaning either iron or
steel), yaisa -LT1:252, GL:37 STEEP aiqua, oronta -AYAK, LT1:256 *STELLAR elenya (no gloss is actually given; the word is
simply defined as "an adjective referring to stars". There are also the
adjectives elda and elena, translated "of the stars". But in
normal Quenya, elda primarily means "Elf", pl. Eldar. Use
elenya or elena.) -WJ:362, Silm:431 STEM telco (leg) -LotR:1154 STEWARD arandur (king's servant, minister) -Letters:386,
UT:313 STICK TO himya- (cleave to, abide by), STICKING himba
(adhering) -KHIM STIFF norna (tough), tarya; STIFF, DRY GRASS sara
(þ) (bent) -WJ:413, TÁRAG, STAR STILL (= *"yet, despite that", not in the sense "unmoving":)
er (only, one, alone, but, still) -LT1:269 STING nasta- (prick) -NAS STINK yolo- -GL:41 STIRRING coirë (according to the Calendar of Imladris a
period of 54 days in early spring) -LotR:1141, 1142 STONE ondo (defined as stone "as a material" in Etym,
but used of natural rocks in MC:222: ondolissë mornë, *"upon
dark rocks". LT1 and LT2 has simply on, ondo "stone, a
stone"), sar (sard-) (= small stone); OF STONE
sarna. STONE SONG Ondolindë (Gondolin). See also
ELFSTONE, FLINTSTONE. -GONOD (see GOND), Silm:431, LT1:254/LT2:342, SAR,
Silm:415 STOOP núta- (sink, set [of Sun and Moon]) -LT1:263
cf. NDÛ STOP hauta- (take a rest, cease), pusta- (put a stop to,
but also intr: cease), tápë (3 pers sg pres; pa.t.
tampë is given) (block), STOP SHORT nuhta- (stunt,
prevent from coming to completion, not allow to continue). FULL STOP ("in
punctuation" - in Fëanorian writing probably the symbol :)
putta, pusta; STOPPED CONSONANT (i.e., plosive consonant?)
punta; STOPPER tampa -KHAW, PUS, TAP, WJ:413 STORM raumo (glossed "[noise of a] storm" in MC:223) STRAIGHT téra (right), lenwa (long, thin,
narrow); STRAIGHT LINE tëa (road) -TE3, TEÑ,
LT2:341 STRAP latta (Note: a homonym means "hole, pit") -LATH STRAY ranya-; STRAYING (noun) ránë
(wandering) (pl. probably *ráner not *ráni;
cf. the similar formation tyávë "taste" pl
tyáver.) -RAN STREAM (vb) celu- ("streem out swiftly"; there is also a
noun celu "stream"), STREAM (noun) celumë (flow,
flowing, flood, tide), celu, sírë (river); STREAM IN
THE WIND hlapu- (fly in the wind; part. hlápula is
attested) -UT:446, LT1:265, MC:223, 222/LT1:257 STRECH lenu-; STRETCH OUT *rahta- (reach)
(Corrected from the actual reading rakta; Tolkien later decided that
kt became ht in Quenya) -LT1:341, 335 STREET mallë -MBAL, LT1:263 STRENGTH (physical) tuo -TUG STRIDER Telcontar -MR:897 STRIPPED BARE
helda (naked) -SKEL STROKE ("of pen of brush ['] when not used as long
mark") tecco -TEK STRONG tulca (firm, immoveable, steadfast. Note:
there is a homonym meaning "fix, set up, establish"), STRONG
(physically) polda (burley), STRONG PLACE sarnë
-TULUK, POL, SAR STUNT nuhta- ("prevent from coming to completion, stop
short, not allow to continue" -WJ:413 SUBLIME, THE Varda (this word should probably not be used as
a normal adjective. It is also translated the Lofty.) -WJ:402 SUCCESSOR neuro (follower) -NDEW SUFFICE farya- (pa.t. farnë) (Note:
#farnë also means "dwelling"); SUFFICIENCY
fárë (plenitude, all that is wanted), SUFFICIENT
farëa (enough) -PHAR SUFFOCATE quoro- (choke) -LT1:264 SUMMER lairë (Note: a homonym means "poem". In the
Calendar of Imladris, lairë was a precisely defined period of 72
days, but the word was also used without any exact definition), saiwen
(cf. saiwa "hot".) "EVER-SUMMER" oiolairë,
"SUMMER-SNOW-WHITE" lairelossë (evergreen trees brought to
Númenor by the Eldar) -LotR:1141, 1145, Letters:282, LT1:265, UT:167,
458, UT:167, 449 SUMMIT - LT1:256 gives ormë "crest, summit", but in
mature Quenya ormë means "wrath, haste, violence, rushing". SUMMON tulta- (send for, fetch), yal- (dative
infinitive #yalien is attested in enyalien "for the re-calling").
-TUL, UT:317 SUN Anar, Úrin (Úrind-) (the
latter was a "name of the Sun"; in LT1:271 úrin is glossed
"blazing hot", and the word for "Sun" is Úr ["Ûr"]
or Úri, Úrinci, Urwen.The stem
Úrin is derived from was struck out in Etym. However, several
words that must be derived from the same stem occur in LotR, indicating that
Tolkien restored it.) Naira ("the heart of flame"),
Calavénë, Calaventë (another names for
the Sun). SUNLIGHT árë (older [MET]
ázë); SUNRISE anarórë,
ambaron/Ambarónë (uprising, Orient) (a similar but
untranslated word, Ambaróna, occurs in LotR), rómen
(glossed "uprising, sunrise, east" in Silm:437, but the normal meaning
of the word is always "east"). SUNSET andúnë (west,
evening), núro. (Amuntë in LT2 is certainly
obsolete); RAY OF THE SUN firin (the latter may not be a valid
word in mature Quenya) -ANÁR, UR, LotR:1157, LotR:254, ORO, AM,
LotR:490, NDU, MR:198, Silm:428, LT2:335, 341 SOUP sulpa -LT1:266 STUDY (long) nólë (wisdom, lore,
knowledge). (In Etym this word is spelt with initial ñ, that
is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I
follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Nólë
is so spelt also in Silm:432. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the
initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not
númen.) -ÑGOL, Silm:432 SUP salpa- (so in Etym; "take a sup of" in LT1:266)
(sip, lick up) -SÁLAP, LT1:266 SUPPORT (noun) tulto (prop) -TULUK SUPPOSE intya-; SUPPOSITION intya (guess, idea)
-INK SUPREME The Supreme Aratar (pl; sg #Arata).
The Aratar are the mightiest of the Valar: Manwë, Varda, Ulmo, Yavanna,
Aulë, Mandos, Nienna, and Oromë. Aratar is also rendered "High
Ones, Exalted Ones" -Silm 32/381, WJ:402 SURE tanca (firm, fixed) -TAK SURF solor, solossë (surge). LINE OF SURF
falassë (beach, shore) -SOL, LT1:266, Silm:431 SURFACE palúrë (bosom, bosom of Earth - Tolkien
equated palúrë with the Old English word folde),
palmë -PAL SURGE (noun) solossë (surf) -LT1:266 SWALLOW tuilindo (lit. "spring-singer").
-TUY/LIN2/LT1:269/LT2:338 SWAN alqua; HAVEN OF THE SWANS Alqualondë
-ÁLAK/Silm:427/LT1:249, LT2:335 (LT1:249 also has
alquë), UT:417
SWARD palis (lawn) -LT1:264 SWART varnë (varni-) (brown, dark brown) The
form varni- is evidently used in compounds. -BARÁN SWELL tiuya- (grow fat) -TIW SWIFT #linta (only pl lintë is attested),
tyelca (agile, hasty), larca, alarca (rapid), arauca
(rushing) -Nam, KYELEK, LAK, LT2:347 SWIRL hwinya- (eddy, gyrate) -SWIN SWORD macil; BROAD SWORD lango (also = prow of a ship),
LARGE SWORD falquan; SHORT STABBING SWORD, BROAD-BLADED SWORD
ecet, SWORD BLADE +russë (corruscation) -MAK/LT1:259,
LAG, LT2:341, UT:284/432, RUS SWORN BROTHER otorno (associate) -TOR SYRUP pirya- (juice) -PIStop
TALE nyárë (saga, history), nyarna (saga)
-NAR2 TALK quet- (pa.t. quentë) (say, speak)
-LT2:348 TALL halla, tunda (Note: the latter has a homonym meaning
"kindle"), tára (high) -LotR:1157, TUN,
WJ:417 TANGLE fasta- -PHAS TAP tamin ("I tap", 1. pers. aorist) (pa.t.
tamnë) -TAM TAPER lícuma (candle) -MC:223 TARN moilë -LT2:349 TASSEL fas, fatsë -GL:34 TASTE (vb) tyavin
("I taste", 1. pers. aorist);
TASTE (noun) tyávë (pl. tyáver
is attested in the compound lámatyáver "sound-tastes";
see SOUND-TASTE.) -KYAB, MR:215, 216 TAUT tunga (tight, [of strings:] resonant) -TUG TEAR nírë, nië -NEI, LT1:262 TELL nyarin ("I tell", 1. pers. aorist)
(relate); NOT TO
BE TOLD OR RELATED avanyárima -NAR2, WJ:370 TEMPLE corda -LT1:257 TEN cainen -KAYAN, KAYAR TENDRIL liantë (but in Etym, this word is glossed
"spider", q.v.) -LT1:271 TERRIBLE rúcima, aica (fell, dire, sharp)
-WJ:415, PM:347 TERRIFY ruhta- -WJ:415 TERROR ossë (Ossë is also the name of a Maia
held to be responsible for storms at sea.) -GOS, Silm:33, 34 THANKSGIVING #hantalë (isolated from Eruhantalë
"thanksgiving to Eru". A verbal stem #hanta- "thank" can also be
isolated.) -UT:436 THAT ta (it), tana, yana (the former), THAT
(relative pronoun): "who, which, that" as a relative pronoun is i or
ya: i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa "the One who is above
all thrones", i carir quettar ómainen "those who form words with
voices". A pronoun ya *"which" is found in the "Arctic" sentence;
yassen "in which" in Nam is evidently this pronoun + a plural locative
ending. -TA, YA, WJ:391, UT:305, 317, Arct THATCH tupsë -TUP THE i In Quenya, the definite article is generally used as
in English. However, notice that it is not used before plural words denoting an
entire people or race, such as Valar, Quendi, Noldor,
Sindar, Eldar, Ainur, Fírimar etc. This is
evident from examples like lambë Eldaron "the language of the Eldar
[lit. simply "Eldar"]", Valar valuvar "the will of the Valar [lit.
simply "Valar"] will be done". Cf. Tolkien's use of "Men" with no article,
meaning the entire human race or humans in general, while "the Men" would be a
group of individuals. Anar "the Sun" and Isil "the Moon" are
probably treated like proper names in Quenya; they do not take the article.
When a noun is determined by a following genitive, it is evidently optional
whether it takes the article or not: mannar Valion "into the hands [lit.
simply "hands"] of the Lords", Indis i Ciryamo "The Mariner's Wife, *The
Wife [lit. simply "Wife"] of the Mariner" - but contrast I Equessi
Rúmilo "the Sayings of Rúmil", i arani Eldaron "the
Kings of the Eldar". If the genitive precedes the noun, the article must
probably be left out, as in English (*Eldaron arani, ?Eldaron
i arani). Note: i is also the relative pronoun "who, that"; see WHO.
-I, WJ:404, 368, FS, UT:8, WJ:398, 369 THEE le (formal, perhaps the object form of elyë
"thou", q.v; only known as a borrowing in Sindarin; see the notes on the poem
A Elbereth Gilthoniel in RGEO) Case endings may be added, e.g. dative
len "to/for thee". -LotR:61 THEIR - if analogy can be trusted, "they" is the ending
*-nta, e.g. *aldanta "their tree". See THEY. THEM te (independent pronoun); -t (pronominal
ending, e.g. laituvalmet, "WE [-lme-] will praise THEM
[-t]") -LotR:989 cf. Letters:308 THEN san -MC:216 THERE, LOOK! en (yonder) -EN THEY -ntë (pronominal ending): Tiruvantes i
hárar mahalmassen mí Númen "they will keep it who sit
upon thrones in the West". The independent, emphatic form may be
*entë.) Object "them" (and non-emphatic "they") is the independent
pronoun te, that may also be expressed by the pronominal ending -t
(as in a laita, laita te...laituvalmet, "bless them, bless
them...we shall bless [or praise] them"). For "they", there is also the ending
-lto as in tulielto "they have come" (LT1:270), but
its status in mature Quenya is uncertain. -UT:317, LotR:989 cf
Letters:308 THICK tiuca (fat) -TIW THIGH tiuco -TIW THIN - long and thin: lenwa (straight, narrow)
-LT2:341 THING nat; THING MADE tanwë (device, construction,
craft) -NÂ2, TAN THINGOL Singollo (þ) short for Sindacollo
(þ) (so in Silm:421; MR:217 and WJ:410 have
Sindicollo, where the s represents original th, cf.
PM:337, where the spelling Sindikollo is used [S = th as in
thin]. Hence, these variant forms should be spelt with in initial
súlë, not silmë, in Tengwar writing).
However, it appears that Thingol was usually called Elwë in
Quenya. -MR:385 THIRD #nelya (cf. Nelyar "Thirds", the third clan
among the Elves) -WJ:420 THIRSTY fauca (open-mouthed, parched) -PHAU THIS sina -UT:305 THITHER tar; THITHER LANDS (as seen from Valinor)
Entar, Entarda (Outer Lands, Middle-earth, East) -TA, EN THORN nassë (spike) -NAS THORONDOR Sorontar -Silm:438 THOU elyë (independent pronoun, used fo
r emphasis,
therefore translated "even thou" in Nam and RGEO:67), -lyë
(pronominal ending; the normal way of expressing non-emphatic "thou":
hiruvalyë "thou shalt find"). This "thou" is formal. Concerning
familiar or intimate "thou", that would often be translated "you" in English,
only the object tye "thee" [q.v.] and the short suffix -t is
attested; the latter may be used on imperatives, e.g. hecat "get thee
gone!") -Nam/RGEO:67, WJ:364 THOUGHT ósanwë; COMMUNICATION OF THOUGHT
ósanwë-centa -MR:415 THRALL mól -MÔ THREAD (fine) lia (spider filament. Note: lia-
is also the verb "twine".) -SLIG THREE neldë (obsoleting olë in LT1:258)
-NEL THRESHOLD fenda -PHEN THROAT lanco -LAK, LANK THRONE mahalma (loc. pl. mahalmassen is attested)
-UT:317 THRONG sanga (crowd, press); THRONG-CLEAVER Sangahyando
(personal name, the "throng" being a closely formed body of enemy
soldiers) -STAG, LT2:342, LotR:1085 cf. Letters:425 THROUGH terë, ter; "THROUGH-ABIDE" (i.e., stand
[fast]) #termar- (only fut. termaruva is attested)
-TER, UT:305, 317 THY -lya, *-tya (endings used on nouns, e.g.
*aldalya, *aldatya "thy tree". The ending *-tya is not
attested and is deduced from the pronoun "thee" [q.v.].) The semantic
distinction between -lya and *-tya is that -lya is formal
or polite, while *-tya is intimate or familiar. Cf. THEE. In UT:51 (cf.
22), -lya is translated "your" instead of "thy", following modern
English usage (tielyanna "upon your path"). TIGHT tunga (taut, [of strings:] resonant) -TUG TILL (prep) an (for, to) -Arct TILTED talta- (sloping, leaning)
-TALÁT TIME lúmë (translated "hour" in LotR:94;
allative lúmenna is attested; Note: lúmë also
means "darkness"); lú (= "a time, occasion"). FIXED
TIME asar (Vanyarin athar) (festival), ONCE UPON A TIME
yassë, yalúmessë, yáressë
(Note: the first of these seems to clash with *yassë "in/on
which".) -LU, WJ:399, YA TIMID caurëa -LT1:257 TIN latúcen; OF TIN latucenda
-LT1:268 TINDER tusturë -LT1:270 TINFANG Timpando -LT1:268 TINY titta (little) -TIT TISSUE lannë (cloth) -LAN
TITLE see NICKNAME. TO, TOWARDS ana, na, an (for, till); (prefix:)
ana-. English "to, towards, -wards" will often be rendered by the
allative ending -nna, pl -nnar, as in Elenna "Starwards"
(Elen + [n]na) -NÂ, Plotz letter,
UT:432, Silm:313 TOGETHER o- (prefix) -WÔ TOIL móta- (labour) -MÔ TOKEN tengwë (indication, sign, writing - pl tengwi
is attested) -WJ:394, 395 cf. TEK TOMB #noirë (isolated from Noirinan, "Valley of
the Tombs") -UT:166 -TON (reduced form of "town" in names) -mas (-by)
-LT1:250 TONGUE (physical tongue:) lamba, (language:)
lambë, quetil (In LT2:339, it is said that
lambë covers both "physical tongue" and "speech", but Tolkien later
thought better of that. WJ:394 states that in non-technical use, lambë
was the normal word for "language"; only the Loremasters used the technical
term tengwesta instead.) LOREMASTER OF TONGUES #Lambengolmo
(only pl Lambengolmor is attested) -LAB/LotR:1157/WJ:394, 396,
KWET TOOTH nelet (pl nelci), carca (fang, tusk); ROW
OF TEETH carcanë (LT2 has carcassë, carcaras
"row of spikes or teeth".) -NÉL-EK, KARAK/LT2:344 TOPMOST PINNACLE see FINISH. TORMENT (vb) nwalya-. (Though spelt this way also in
Etym, nwalya- must be from older *ngwalya, for the stem is
ÑGWAL. In Tengwar spelling, the letter nwalmë (<
older ngwalmë) should be used to transcribe the initial nw
of nwalya.) TORMENT (noun) nwalmë
(older [MET] ngwalmë), angaitya -LotR:1157 cf.
ÑGWAL; LT1:249 TORTURE ungwalë, malcanë, valcanë
-ÑGWAL, LT1:250 TOUGH norna (stiff), tarya (stiff) -WJ:413,
TÁRAG TOWARDS ana, na, an (for); (prefix:)
ana- (to) -NÂ TOWER mindon (also translated "Lofty Tower"; allative pl
mindonnar or mindoninnar is attested) (turret),
mindo (=isolated tower), tirion (= watchtower; also
defined as "a mighty tower, a city on a hill), tirin (= tall
tower; Note: a homonym means "I watch") See also TOWN WITH WALLS AND TOWERS.
-LT2:346/MC:222, MINI, LT1:258, TIR TOWN osto (= town with wall) (city), opelë
(walled village/house), irin; TOWN WITH WALLS AND TOWERS tirios,
TOWNSHIP ostar -OS, PEL(ES), LT1:258, LT2:343, 336 TRADE (vb) manca-, TRADESMAN macar
-MBAKH TRAILING sóra (long) -LT2:344 TRANSPARENCE liquis, TRANSPARENCY - the word
vírin is defined as "a magic glassy substance of great lucency
used in fashoning the Moon. Used of things of great and pure transparency."
-LT1:262, LT2:339 TRAVEL lelya- (pa.t. lendë) (go, proceed)
-WJ:363 TREASURE harma, harwë (both words also used of a
single treasured thing), foa, mírë (jewel,
precious thing); TREASURY harwë (also used = treasure).
-3AR/LotR:1157, LT2:340, MIR TREE alda (gen.pl. aldaron is attested),
ornë (= high, isolated tree), taulë (= great
tree). HAVING TREES, TREE-GROWN aldarwa, TREE-SHADOWED
aldëa, AVENUE OF TREES aldëon; LORD OF TREES Aldaron
(a name of Oromë) -GALAD/Nam/LotR:1147/ 1157,
OR-NI/LotR:488 cf. Letters:308, LT1:267, LT1:249, Silm:32, 378 TRESS findë (lock of hair) (probably obsoleting
findil in LT2) -SPIN, LT2:341 TRIANGLE neltil (pl neltildi), nasta (spear-head,
point, gore) -TIL, SNAS TRIBE hostar -LT2:340 TROOP hossë (army, band) -LT2:340 TROTH vérë (bond, compact, oath) (Pl. probably
*vérer not *véri; cf. the similar formation
tyávë "taste", pl tyáver.) -WED TRUE sanda (firm, abiding), anwa (real, actual)
-STAN, ANA TRUMP hyóla -SD:419 TRUMPET romba (horn), tumbë; TRUMPET-SOUND
róma (loud sound) (Note: róma means "shoulder"
in one of Tolkien's early "Qenya" lexicons.) -WJ:400/ROM, LT1:269 TRUST estel (hope) -MR:320 T-SERIES tincotéma (dental series)
-LotR:1154 TUBE róta -LT2:347 TÚN (Old English) see FENCED FIELD -PEL(ES) TUNE lindë (air, song, singing) -LIN2 TUNNEL rotto (s
mall grot) -PM:365 TURGON Turucáno (so in PM:345, obsoleting Turondo
in LT1:115) TURRET mindon (tower) -LT1:260 TUSK carca (tooth, fang) -Silm:429, LT2:344 TWANG tingë, tango. LT1:256 has quingi-
"twang, of strings, harp". In Etym, there is also the unglossed verb
tanga- = *"make a twang"??? -TING, TANG TWELVE *rasta (only the stem RÁSAT is given; assuming that
the sound-changes were regular, this would become *rasta in Quenya).
TWELVE HOURS ("day" not meaning 24 hours) arya (day)
-RÁSAT, AR1 TWILIGHT tindómë (usually of the
time near dawn, glossed "starry twilight" in Silm:438),
undómë (= evening twilight),
yúcalë, yualë, lómë
(night, dusk, gloom, darkness. Cf. Lómion "Child of the
Twilight".) -LotR 1145, KAL, LT1:255, Silm:160 TWIN onóna (also = adj "twinborn", the primary
meaning of the word), pl. ónoni (surprisingly, a dual form
is not used) -WJ:367 TWINE lia- (Note: lia is also a noun meaning "fine
thread, spider's filament") -LT1:271 TWINKLE #tintila- (only pl tintilar is attested)
-Nam, RGEO:67 TWINKLING STAR tingilya, tingilindë -TIN TWISTED nauca (hard, ill-shapen, *small - see SMALL.)
-WJ:413 TWITCH rihta- (jerk, give quick twist or move) -RIK(H)
TWO atta -AT(AT)/Letters:427top
UDÛN Utumno -Silm:438 ULTIMATE métima (final, last) -MC:222 cf. 215 UN- (prefix) ú- (no-, not, un-, in-) ("usually
with bad sense"), il- (denoting "the opposite, the reversal,
i.e., more than the mere negation") -UGU, UMU, LT1:255 *UNCOUNTABLE únótimë (translated
"numberless"; the interlinear translation in RGEO:66 has "not-count-able")
-Nam UNDER undu, nu (so in Nam; Etym has no);
UNDERNEATH nún (down below) -UNU, NÛ UNDERSTAND hanya- (know about, be skilled in dealing with);
UNDERSTANDING (noun) handë (knowledge); UNDERSTANDING
(adjectival) handa (intelligent) -KHAN UNFURL panta- (spread out, open) -PAT UNIVERSE ilu, ilúvë (the whole, the all,
Allness) -ILU (see IL) UNPRONOUNCEABLE úquétima (impossible to say/put
into words, unspeakable) -WJ:370 UNSPEAKABLE úquétima (impossible to say/put into
words, unpronounceable) -WJ:370 UP, UPWARDS amba, ama (prefix:) am-.
(The form amu in LT2:335 is prob. obsolete.) UPWARD SLOPE amban; UPHILL (adj) ambapenda,
ampenda -AM2, UNU UPON - this English preposition may be rendered by the allative
case, endings -nna pl. -nnar, dual -nta. Cf.
falmalinnar "upon foaming waves", tielyanna "upon your path".
-Nam, UT:22 cf. 51 UPPER AIRS AND CLOUDS fanyarë (skies) -MC:223 UPRISING ambaron, Ambarónë (sunrise, Orient)
(a similar but untranslated word, Ambaróna, occurs in
LotR:490). Rómen is glossed "uprising, sunrise,
east" in Silm:437, but the normal meaning of the word is always "east". Cf.
also: "UPRISING-FLOWER" *ambalotsë ("referring to the flower
or floreate device used as a crest fixed to [the] point of a tall [illegible
word, possibly 'archaic'] helmet", "pointed helm-crest". Tolkien asterisked the
word because it was not attested, only a possible Quenya form of the name
Amloth) -AM2, LotR:490, WJ:318 URANUS Luinil (or less probably Nénar; it is
not known for certain which of the two is Uranus and which is Neptune) -Basic
Quenya:24, cf. Silm:55 URGE horta- (speed, send flying); URGING (noun, not
adjectival participle) hortalë (speeding), URGENCY
hormë -KHOR US #me (only attested with a dual ending: met "us
two" in an exclusive sense, "he/she and me". -Nam/RGEO:67 USEFUL mára (fit, good) -MA3top
VAGUE néca (faint, dim to see)
-MC:223 VALE (dark) tumbë (deep valley) -LT:269 *VALIAN valarinwa, attested in Lambë Valarinwa
"the language of the Valar, *Valian Language". Cf. also valaina
"of the Valar, belonging to the Valar" (divine) -WJ:395,
BAL VALLEY nan (nand-), tumbo (deep valley under/among
hills, dark vale; so in Etym, Silm:438 and LT1:269. Letters:308 gives tumba
"deep valley".) VALLEY (adj.) nalda; "VALLEY OF SINGING
GOLD" Laurelindorinan (Lórien). -TUB, LotR:488 cf.
Letters:308, LT1:261, UT:449 VALOUR cánë -KAN VANISHED vanwa (gone, departed, dead, lost, past and over)
-WAN, Nam, WJ:366 VAST - LT2 gives aica "broad, vast", but aica is said
to mean "sharp" in later writings. -LT2:338 VEIL (vb) halya- (conceal, screen from ligh); "VEILS,
RAYMENT" fana (pl fanar is attested. This word was used of the
visible bodies in which the Valar presented themselves to incarnates.)
VEILED halda (hidden, shadowed, shady) -SKAL, RGEO:74 VENUS Eärendil (Basic Quenya:24, cf. Silm:55),
Tancol ("Signifer", "the significant star" - MR:385) VESSEL venë (small boat, dish) -LT1:254 VESTMENT colla (cloak) -MR:385
VICTORY túrë (mastery), apairë -TUR,
GL:17 VIGIL tiris (watch) -LT1:258 VIGOUR tuo (muscle, sinew, strength), vië
(manhood), vëassë, laito/laisi (new life, youth);
VIGOROUS vëa (adult, manly) -TUG, LT1:267, WEG VILLAGE masto, (walled:) opelë (town)
-LT1:251, PEL(ES) VINE liantassë -LT1:271 VIOLENCE ormë (rushing, wrath, haste); VIOLENT naraca
(harsh, rending) -GOR, KHOR, NÁRAK VIOLET helin, Helinyetillë ("Eyes of
heartsease") (pansy) -LT1:262 VIRGINITY vénë (with the alternative, probably
older [MET] form wénë), venessë
-WEN VOCALIC EXTENSION ómataina (i.e., the addition to the
base of a final vowel identical to the base vowel [sundóma])
-WJ:417 VOICE óma (pl instrumental ómainen
"with voices" is attested. In some words, óma is translated
"vowel", q.v.) -OM, WJ:391 VOID lusta (empty), cúma (the Void) -LUS,
KUM VOWEL óman (pl. amandi - misreading for
*omandi?) (Note: *óman can also be the dative form of
óma "voice". In some compounds, óma seems to mean
"vowel" instead of voice: VOWEL SIGN #ómatehta (only pl
ómatehtar is attested), DETERMINANT VOWEL sundóma,
VOCALIC EXTENSION ómataina (q.v. for definition) -OM, WJ:396,
319, 417top
WAIF hecil (gender-spesific forms are
hecilo m. and hecilë f.) (one lost or forsaken by
friends, outcast, outlaw) -WJ:365 WAILING (noun) yaimë; WAILING (adj)
yaimëa -MC:223 WAIN (the constellation) see SICKLE OF THE VALAR WAKENING (adj) cuivëa (awakening) -KUY WALK (vb) vanta-; WALK (noun) vanta
-BAT WALL ramba; WALL AND MOAT ossa; TOWN WITH WALLS AND
TOWERS tirios -RAMBÂ/Silm:436, LT1:258, LT2:336 *WANDER ranya- (only glossed stray under
RAN, but cf. Silm:436: "ran- 'wander, stray'" and the following
word:) WANDERING (noun) ránë (straying) (pl.
probably *ráner not ráni; cf. the similar formation
tyávë "taste" pl tyáver.) WANDERER
Rána (a name of the Moon), #ran (isolated from
Palarran "far-wanderer", the name of a ship) -RAN, Silm:436, UT:460,
461 WANT merë (3. pers. sg. aorist; stem #mer-,
pa.t. mernë) (wish, desire) -MER WAR ohta -OKTÂ, KOT WARM lauca -LAW WARRIOR ohtatyaro, ohtar, #mehtar (isolated
from Telumehtar "Orion, warrior of the sky", a word occurring in LotR.
Etym gives mahtar "warrior" under MAK, but Telumehtar not
**Telumahtar under TEL). LT1:268 also has mordo "warrior,
hero", but in mature Quenya mordo means "obscurity, shadow,
stain". -KYAR (see KAR), UT:458, LotR:1146, MAK, TEL WARWICKSHIRE Alalminórë (Land of Elms)
-LT1:249 WATCH (vb) tirin ("I watch", 1. pers. aorist),
pa.t. tirnë; fut. tiruva is attested (heed), WATCH-TOWER
tirion; WATCH (noun) (vigil) -TIR, MC:222 cf. 215,
LT1:258, LT1:268 WATER nén (nen-) (LT1:262 also has
linquë); WATER-FALL - LT1:249 gives axa, but this is
probably obsoleted by axa "narrow path" in Etym; WATERY nenda
(wet), WATER-MEAD, WATERED PLAIN nanda; WATER-LOVERS Nendili
(used of the Lindar), WATER-VESSEL calpa; DRAW WATER calpa-
(scoop out, bale out); ISSUE OF WATER ehtelë (fountain, spring,
also cehtelë, see FOUNTAIN), WATER FALLING OUT
SWIFTLY FROM A ROCKY SPRING celussë (freshlet), YELLOW
WATER-LILY nénu -NEN, WJ:410, NAD, KALPA, KEL, UT:426, LT1:248
WAVE (crested) falma (partitive plural allative
falmalinnar is attested. LT1:266 has solmë instead of
falma.) -PHAL, Nam/RGEO:67 WAX líco, neitë -MC:223, GL:60 WAY tië (path, course, line, direction, road), #vanda
(isolated form Qualvanda "Road of Death" in LT1:264; cf. vand-
"way, path" on the same page. Yet vanda means "oath" in UT:317, so
this old [TLT] word is doubtful. Use tië, or tëa
"road") -TE3/RGEO:67, LT1:264 WE -mmë (pronominal ending used on verbs, e.g.
vammë "we won't". This "we" is exclusive, meaning "they and I", not
including the person(s) that is spoken to. The ending for "we, including you
(sg or pl)" is -lmë. We can deduce one inclusive dual
ending, "we" meaning "you (sg) and I": *-lvë (deduced
from the corresponding possessive suffix -lva "our"). The emphatic,
independent forms of these pronouns are perhaps *emmë,
*elmë, *elvë. -WJ:371, LotR:989, 94, cf. Letters:447
WEAL, WEALTH alma (good fortune), ausië,
autë (prosperity, also adj: rich) WEALTHY herenya
(blessed, fortuneate, rich) -GALA, LT2:336, KHER WEAR see BEAR. WEAR (OUT) yerya- (get old) (Note:
yerya is also the adjective "old, worn") -GYER WEATHER - dark weather: lúrë
-LT1:259 WEAVE lanya- -LAN WEB natsë (net); SPIDER'S WEB ungwë -NAT,
LotR:1157 WED vesta-; WEDDING vestalë -BES, WED WEDGE nehtë (spearhead, gore, narrow promontory)
-UT:282 WEEK lemnar (from a root meaning "five", since the
Valian week had five days) enquië (from a root meaning
"six", since the Eldarin week had six days), otsola (evidently
meaning a seven-day week like our own, as otso = seven) -LEP, LotR:1141
cf. ÉNEK, GL:62 WEEPING nyényë -LT1:262 WEFT lanat, wistë -LAN , LT1:254 WENT lendë (departed) (past tense of
lelya-/linna- "go") LT1:264 gives vá, but this is
probably not a valid word in mature Quenya. -LED, WJ:363 WEREWOLF nauro (In Etym, this word is spelt with initial
ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in
Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it
accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n
should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not
númen.) -NGAW WEST númen (so in Etym and LotR; Númen
is capitalized in UT:305; this word obsoletes númë in
LT1:263), andúnë (sunset, evening); WESTERN
númenya; IN THE WEST númëa; WESTLAND see
WESTERNESSE; WESTLANDS Andustar (a region in Númenor)
"WEST-WINGS" (the name of a ship) Númerrámar
-LotR:1157/NDÛ, Nam, UT:305, Silm:428, LT1:263, UT:165, 419,
UT:175, 458 WESTERNESSE, WESTLAND Númenor (full form
Númenórë) -Silm:313, 414 WET mixa, linquë (obsoleting liquin
in LT1:262), nenda (watery) -MISK, NEN, LINKWI WHAT see WHO WHEREIN yassen (refering back to a pl word; sg #yassë)
-Nam, RGEO:66, 67 WHICH ya (known from the Arctic sentece and attested with a plural
locative ending in Nam: yassen "which-in, wherein". See
WHO concerning relative pronouns. Note: ya is probably not used as a
question-word as in "which is it"?) -Nam, RGEO:66 WHINING miulë (mewing) -MIW WHIRLPOOL hwindë -SWIN WHISPER (vb) lussa-; WHISPERING SOUND lussë
-SLUS WHITE ninquë (chill, pallid),
fána/fánë (prob. associated with the
whiteness of clouds, fanyar), lossë
(snow-white). -NIK-W-/GL:60/Silm:435 cf. WJ:417, RGEO:69,
MC:221-223 WHAT IS mana -PM:395 (so "what" = ma?
man?) WHO man (so in Nam and MC:222; MC:221 one place has
men, but that is evidently an error, for man occurs in the same
text. In FS and LR:59/63, man is translated "what". Either Tolkien later
adjusted the meaning of the word, or man covers the meaning of both
"who" and "what".) Note: this "who" is used only in questions. The relative
pronoun "who, which, that" is i or ya: i Eru i or ilyë
mahalmar ëa "the One who is above all thrones", i carir quettar
ómainen "(those) who form words with voices". A pronoun ya
*"which" is found in the "Arctic" sentence; yassen "in which" in Nam
is evidently this pronoun + a plural locative ending. -Nam/MC:222, WJ:391,
UT:305, 317, Arct WHOEVER aiquen (if anybody) -WJ:372 WHOLE ilya (all), THE WHOLE ilúvë (the All,
Allness, universe) -IL, Silm:433 WHOLLY aqua (fully, completely, altogether) -WJ:392 WIDE palla, landa; FAR AND WIDE palan; THE WIDE
WORLD Palurin -PAL, LAD, Silm:435, LT1:264 WIELD turin ("I wield", 1. pers. aorist), pa.t.
turnë (control, govern). WIELD A WEAPON mahta- (fight)
-TUR, MAK WIFE vessë (In UT, indis is translated "wife";
in Etym this word is glossed "bride".) -BES, UT:8 cf. NDIS WILD verca, #hravan (only pl. hravani is
attested; Hravani the "Wild" was used in Exilic Quenya to designate Men
not belonging to the three houses of the Edain.) -BERÉK, WJ:219 WILDERNESS ráva (Note: a homonym means "riverbank")
-RAB WILL (noun) *selma (þ) ("a fixed idea,
will". In WJ:319, the word is given as Selma, but S
(th) would become s in the Noldorin Quenya. Cf.
Sindë, sindë in WJ:384) -WJ:319 WILL NOT - I will not: vá (exclamation, also
= Do not!); avan, ván, vanyë "I won't",
avammë, vammë "we won't" -WJ:371 WILLOW-TREE tasar, tasarë (þ)
(probably obsoleting tasarin in LT2:346) -TATHAR/Silm:438 WIND súrë (S?) (instrumental form
súrinen is attested), súlimë (þ)
(also the name of the month of March), vaiwa, waiwa
(the latter is probably an older [MET] form); NOISE OF WIND
sú, WINDY wanwavoitë (pl. wanwavoisi)
-MC:222 cf. 215, LT1:266, Nam/RGEO:66, WÂ, LT1:266 WIND UP telya- (transitive) (conclude, finish)
-WJ:411 WINE miru, limpë (the drink of the Valar, or of the
fairies). The word míruvórë, míruvor
is defined as "a special wine or cordial." -LT1:261, LIP, LT1:258,
WJ:399 WING ráma (Pl. rámar and plural
instrumental form rámainen are attested. The form
#rámë, occurring in the ship-name
Eärrámë "Sea-Wing", evidently has a feminine
ending.)HAVING WINGS rámavoitë, "WEST-WINGS" (the name of
a ship) Númerrámar -RAM/LT2:335, MC:222, Silm:295,
UT:175, 458 WINTER hrívë, (in early [TLT] material:)
Yelin, Hesin. (In the Calendar of Imladris,
hrívë was a precisely defined period of 72 days, but the
word was also used without any exact definition.) Lasselanta "leaf-fall"
could be used for the beginning of winter, but the usual translation of this
word is "autumn". "WINTER ONE" Hescil (a title of Nienna "who
breedeth winter", LT1:66, 255) -LotR:1141, 1145; LT1:255, LT1:260 WISDOM nolwë (secret lore, obsoleting
nólemë in LT1:263), nólë (long study,
lore, knowledge) (In Etym these words, as well as nóla below,
are spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng
had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR
and transcribe it accordingly. Nólë is so spelt also in
Silm:432. But if these words are written in Tengwar, the initial n
should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not
númen.) WISE nóla (learned), saira,
istima (having knowledge, learned), iswa, isqua -NGOL,
Silm:432, IS, SAY, LT2:339 WISH (vb) merë (3. pers. sg. aorist; stem
#mer-, pa.t. mernë) (desire, want) -MER WITCH (of the good magic) curuni -LT1:269 WITHER hesta-, WITHERED hessa (dead) -LT1:255 WITHIN mi (se
e IN) -MI WIZARD istar (nom. pl. istari and gen.pl. istarion
are attested), sairon, curuvar WIZARDRY - in LT1:269,
curu is glossed "magic, wizardry", but in Etym the gloss is simply
"skill". -LotR:1121, UT:388, cf. IS, SAY; LT1:269 WOLF ráca, narmo, WEREWOLF nauro; WOLFHOWL
naulë (In Etym, narmo, nauro and naulë
are spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng
had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR
and transcribe it accordingly. But if these words are written in Tengwar, the
initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not
númen.) -DARÁK, NGAR(A)M, NGAW WOMAN nís (so in MR:213, Etym gives nis, but
both sources agree that the pl is nissi. An
alternative form of nís/nis is nissë, clashing
with *nissë "in me". Writers should use the short sg
nís, as Tolkien himself does in MR:213); +ní
(female) -NDIS/NÎ/NIS, MR:213, NÎ, INI WON'T see WILL NOT WOOD - great wood: taurë (pl. tauri is
attested) (forest), wood as material: tavar, rough
piece of wood: runda, peace of shaped wood: pano,
smouldering wood (ember): yulmë (Note: yulmë
also means "drinking, carousal") firewood: turu ("firewood" was the
proper meaning, but the word was used for "wood" in general); OF WOOD
taurina, WOODEN turúva, WOODEN POST samna
(þ); WOODEN HALL ampano, WOODPECKER tambaro, WOODLAND
tavas (LT1:261 also gives nan(d), but this means
"valley" in mature Quenya.) -TÁWAR/Silm:438/MC:222 cf. 215, RUD, PAN,
YUL, LT1:270, STAB, TAM, LT1:267 WOOF winda -LT1:254 WOOL tó (obsoleting oa in LT1:249; GL:71 has
toa, but cf the following:) OF WOOL, WOOLEN toa
-TOW WORD quetta (pl. quettar is attested. LT2:348 gives
quent; this word is no doubt obsolete in mature Quenya. GL:28 has
"qetta-") -Silm:436, WJ:391 WORLD Ambar (earth), THE WIDE WORLD Palurin. (LT2
gives irmin "the world, all the regions inhabited by Men"; this is
probably not a valid word in mature Quenya.) OF THE WORLD marda
(an adjective, *"wordly"); THE ENDING OF THE WORLD
Ambar-metta; "WORLD-ARTIFICER" Martamo (a title of
Aulë) -LotR:1003 cf. MBAR; LT1:251, 264, LT2:343,
LT1:266 WORN yerna (old [of things]), colla (pa.p. of
#col- "bear, *wear") (borne). Also used as a noun = "vestment,
cloak". -GYER, MR:385 WORTH, WORTHY valda (dear) -GL:23 WOSE Rú, Rúatan (pl Rúatani
is given but seems perfectly regular) -UT:385 WOUND (vb) harna-; WOUNDED harna; WOUND (noun)
harwë -SKAR WRAP vaita- -LT1:271 WRATH ormë (haste, violence, rushing) -GOR, KHOR WREATHE ría (garland) -PM:347 WRIGHT s
amno (þ) (carpenter, builder)
-STAB WRITE tece; WRITING tengwë (Note: a homonym
means "indication, sign, token"; pl tengwi is attested); WRITING
SYSTEM tencelë (spelling); WRITINGS parma (book) -TEK cf.
WJ:394, 395, LT2:346 WRONG raica (crooked, bent) -RÁYAKtop
YARD ranga (pl rangar is attested). The basic
meaning of ranga was "full pace". This Númenórean linar
measure was "slightly longer than our yard, approximately 38 inches [= 96.5
cm]". -UT:285, 461 YAWN yanga-, #hac- (only attested as participle:
hácala "yawning") -YAG, MC:222 YEAR loa (lit. "growth"), coranar (lit.
"sun-round", used when the year was considered more or less astronomically -
but loa is stated to be the more usual word for "year"). "LONG-YEAR"
yén (pl. yéni is attested in Nam, obsoleting
Etym yeni). A "long-year" is a period of 144 solar years, an Elvish
"century" - the Eldar used duodecimal counting, in which 144 is the first
three-digit number, like our 100. But sometimes it seems that yén
simply means "year". Cf the following words: LAST YEAR yenya,
HAVING MANY YEARS linyenwa (old), *RECKONING OF YEARS
Yénonótië -LotR:1141, YEN, MR:51 YELLOW malina, tulca (the latter was adopted from
Valarin and used in Vanyarin Quenya only),YELLOW POWDER malo
(pollen), "YELLOW HAMMER" (yellow bird) ammalë,
ambalë, YELLOW WATER-LILY nénu -SMAL, WJ:399,
LT1:248 YOKE yanta (bridge), yaltë -YAT, GL:37 YONDER (adj) enta; YONDER (interjection?) en
(there, look!) -EN YOU (pl. only; for sg "you", see THOU) The ending -lyë
may cover pl. as well as sg. "you". The reduced form -l may be used on
an imperative: hecal! "you be gone!" [WJ:364] and probably also as
object: *Utúvienyel, "I (-nye) have found you
(-l)". Perhaps -l can be used for plural "you" in subject
postition as well, e.g. lendel, "you went". The independent (emphatic)
word for "you, even you" as subject may be *elyë, while object
"you" seems to be le (probably also used as a polite or formal sg:
"thee"). YOUR -lya (possessive suffix, e.g. *aldalya "your
tree" - assuming that -lyë is indeed pl. as well as sg.) YOUNG nessa, vinya, cana; YOUTH
nésë (þ), nessë, laito/laisi
(vigour, new life); YOUTHFUL nessima -NETH, LR:25, GL:37,
LT1:267top
ZIMRAPHEL Míriel -UT:224,
Silm:324<> ZIMRATHÔN Hostamir
-UT:222
top